北京市西城区2024年中考一模英语试卷(含答案)

北京市西城区2024年中考一模英语试卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：考号：

一,单选题

1.Mysisterlikesdrawingandwantstobeanartistinthefuture.

A.sheB.heC.itD.they

2.Ilikelisteningtomusicwhileexercisingthepark.

A.onB.underC.inD.to

3.一Wouldyoulikemorepizza,Linda?

一No,thanks.ThepizzaisdeliciousI'mfull.

A.ifB上utC.becauseD.or

4.一youreadthesignacrossthestreet,Tom?

-No,Ican't.

A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Might

5.LaoSheisoneofChinesewritersofthetwentiethcentury.

A.greatB.greaterC.greatestD.thegreatest

6.一areyoulate?

一BecauseImissedtheearlytrain.

A.WhenB.WhatC.WhyD.Where

7.一WhereisMary?

一Shetheteacherswiththeposterrightnow.

A.ishelpingB.helpedC.washelpingD.willhelp

8.ThestudentsalotfortheshowsincelastMonday.

A.havepracticedB.practice

C.werepracticingD.practiced

9.Whenmyfriendcalledlastnight,IplansfortheMayDayholiday.

A.ammakingB.havemadeC.makeD.wasmaking

10.I'montheschoolfootballteam,andusuallyweamatchonSaturday.

A.hadB.haveC.arehavingD.havehad

11.Thecommunitylibraryin2023.

A.buildsB.isbuiltC.builtD.wasbuilt

12.一Doyouknow?

一NextTuesdayafternoon.Wearelookingforwardtoit.

A.wherewewillhavetheschoolconcert

B.wherewillwehavetheschoolconcert

C.whenwewillhavetheschoolconcert

D.whenwillwehavetheschoolconcert

二,完形填空

“Wewerethecutestbabiesintheworld!"IsmiledandsaidtoRachelasIputupa1of

meridingahorseonthewalloftheclassroom.

“Iknow,lookatthisone!”Rachelpointedtothepictureofusatagefive.Webothlaughed

andshookourheads.Wecouldn'tbelievethatwewouldbegraduating（毕业）inaweek.

Asawayofcelebratingourchildhoods,wewereaskedtobringinpicturesofourselves

growingup.AsIlooked2fromphototophoto,frompreschoolerstoninth-graders,I

begantolookatmyclassmatesaroundme.

FirstIlookedatRachel,andI3thefirstdayofschool.Iwasalittlefive-year-old.

Whenmymotherleftme,Ijustdidn'tknowwhattodobutcry.ThenIfeltahandonmy

shoulder.IturnedaroundandsawRachel.

“Whyareyoucrying?"sheasked.

“Mymommyleftme.”

“Wouldyouliketoplayapuzzlegametogether?^^Sheoffered.

Thatgotmy4Ilovedpuzzlegames.Istartedtoplay,andafterafewminutes,I

wasn'tcryinganymore.

Ilookedbackatthepicturesandmyeves5onapictureofTony.Tonylivesrightnext

tome,andwehavealwaysbeenclose.IrememberhowmuchfunIhadplaying"boys'

games”,allthankstoTonymakingitpossible.

“Comeon,she'sagirl一she'llmakeyouplayBarbiesorsomething,,9oneoftheboyson

ourblocksaidtoTony.

Iturnedandstartedtowalkaway.Ifelttears6upinmyeyeswhenIheardTonysay,

"No,IwanttoplaywithSarah.We'regoingtoplaybasketball.99

ThemillionsofmemoriesthatI7fromthoseyearssuddenlycamebacktome.High

schoolwouldbedifferent.Icouldn'timaginehowthatwouldfeel.Ilookedatthepictures

oncemoreandnoticedhow,ineverypicture,eachofuswasat8pointsofourlives,but

wewerealwayssmiling.Wewereallokay,eventhroughallthechanges.

Iwasfinallyreadyforhighschool.

13.A.drawingB.diaryC.pictureD.poster

14.A.politelyB.closelyC.immediatelyD.angrily

15.A.discoveredB.rememberedC.comparedD.imagined

16.A.patienceB.adviceC.messageD.attention

17.A.landedB.carriedC.darkenedD.opened

18.A.jumpB.mixC.wellD.move

19.A.collectedB.improvedC.matchedD.copied

20.A.strangeB.seriousC.hardD.different

三、阅读理解

阅读下列志愿活动介绍，请根据人物意愿匹配最适合的活动，并将其对应的A、

B、C、D选项填在相应的位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。

A

B

Doyouenjoyteaching?Doyoulike

Doyouhaveexperiencetakingcareof

spendingtimewithmiddleschool

theelderly?Workingtohelpthe

students?Volunteerteachingisaperfect

elderlyisn'tforeveryone.Ifyouhave

choiceforyouifyoudo.Teachersinthe

workedinthisfield,comeandjoinus

communityareneeded.Youcanteach

Theactivitiesinthisprojectinclude

Englishandmathtostudentswhoneed

helpingtheelderlyinnursinghomes.

help.

CD

IfyouareinterestedinthemedicalfieldDoyouliketakingcareofanimals?If

andhealthcare,thisprojectmayinterestyoudo,youcanvolunteeryourtime

you.Itincludesactivitieslikewiththem.Pleasespendoneortwo

volunteeringincommunityhospitals,andhourseveryweekworkingwithusto

givingahelpinghandtothesickandtheirhelpstreetanimals,orworkatan

familieswhiletheyareseeingdoctors.animalsheltertosupportanimalrights.

21.MkerdliketohelpstudentswhoarehavingtroublewithEnglishandmath.

22.AliceI'minterestedinhealthcareandwillingtohelpoutincommunityhospitals.

23.JaneIlikecatsanddogsandhopetodosomethingforstreetanimals.

Greg'sDiary

Sunday

Tonight,Momcalledfora“housemeeting”.Shetoldusthatshewasgoingbacktoschool

tostarttakingclasses.Well,itwastotallyoutofmyexpectation.SheisalwaystherewhenI

gethomefromschool,andthafsthewayIlikeit.

Butnow,wehavetomakeourowndinnersandstartdoinghousework.

Wednesday

ThefirstfewnightswithMomawayhavebeenadisaster（灾难）.Wetriedmakingour

dinneronMonday.Mannymadetheicedtea,butitwasundrinkable.Rodriccookedtheroast

beef,butitwasamess.So,webaggedthehomemademealideaandwentouttoeat.

Tuesday

Mytaskistakingouttherubbish.Tonight,DadaskedmewhyIdidn'tdomyjobthis

morning.HesaidIneededtostartbeingmoreresponsible.

I'vehearditfromDadbefore.Lastsummer,ourneighborMs.Grove,askedmetolook

afterherplantswhileshewentonbusiness.Well,IdiditforthefirstfewdaysandthenIgot

busywithotherthings.Ms.Grovewasprettymadbecausemostoftheplantsdidn'tmakeit.

Thenshesentmehomewithoutpayingme.

Thursday

Well,Dadisreallyseriousaboutmetakingonmoreresponsibility.Andfirsthewantsme

tostartwakingmyselfupinthemorning.ThafsactuallyarealproblembecauseIdependon

himtowakemeup.

YesterdaywasthefirstdayItriedtowakemyselfup,anditdidn'tworkout.Myalarm

clock（闹钟）wentoff,butthesoundjustworkeditswayintomydream.Andtodaydidn'tgo

anybetter.

Theproblemiswithoutanactualhumanbeingwakingmeup,mybrainisalwaysgoingto

findsomeexcusetokeepsleeping.ButIthinkImighthavefoundasolutiontothisalarm

clocksituation.Ifoundanold-stylealarmclocktodayanditmakesaloudnoisewhenitgoes

off.Itesteditouttoseeifitstillworked,andsureenough,itdid.Idon'tthinkanyonecould

sleepthroughanoiselikethat.

24.Whenheheardhismomwasgoingbacktoschool,Gregfelt.

A.proudB.surprisedC.excitedD.relaxed

25.Fromthediary,wecanlearnthatGreg'sdadexpectedhimto.

A.buildupself-confidenceB.becomemoreresponsible

C.makefriendswiththeneighborsD.getalongwithhisbrothers

26.WhatwasGreg'staskathome?

A.Lookingaftertheplants.B.Makingtheicedtea

C.Takingouttherubbish.D.getalongwithhisbrothers

Haveyoueverwonderedwhyyouaregoodatnoticingthingsinyourenvironmentthatare

possiblydangerous?Defensivecircuits,oneofourbrainsystems,detect（察觉）signsthat

mightsuggestthreats（威胁）andpreparethebodytotakequickaction,thereforeincreasing

ourchancesofstayingalive.

Ourdefensivecircuitsarealwaysonthelookoutforthingsthatmightbethreats.

Theylookforcertainfeaturesofobjects（物体）thatmakethoseobjectsstandoutfromthe

otherthingsaroundthem.Objectswiththesefeaturesaregivenpriorityinourbrains;thatis,

wepayattentiontothembeforeotherthings.So,howexactlydoesourthreatdetectionwork?

First,thepresenceofafeaturethatcouldsuggestathreatgrabs,orcatches,ourattention

veryquickly一itisanautomatic（自动的）process.Threatdetectionhappenssoquickly

becausethethreatinformationdoesnothavetogoallthewayaroundthecortex（大脑皮层）.

Youcanthinkofthisasashortcutthroughthebrain,whichgivesusmoretimetoavoid

possiblethreats.

Oncewelookatsomethingthatmightbeathreat,weoftenfindlookingawaytobevery

difficult一thethreateningobjectholdsourattention.Thisprocessisalsoautomatic,andits

advantageisthatitgivesusmoretimetocollectadditionaldetailsaboutthepossiblethreat.

Thosedetailsareimportantforunderstandingwhetherwearefacingarealthreatand

decidinghowtobestdealwiththesituation.

Afterwehaverecognizedthepossiblethreat,ourbrainsmustoftenmakeupforthetime

we'vespentexaminingit-weneedtoavoidpayingattentiontothethreat,andthenwecan

lookaroundandprocesstherestoftheenvironment.Thiscanhelpusfindadditionalthreats,

orfindawayout.

Oncewedetectathreat,thedefensivecircuitsprepareourbodytotakeaction.Wemake

changestoouremotions（forexample,feelingfear）andbodyfunctions（suchasspeedingup

ourheartbeat）.Together,thesechangesallowustoactproperlyinthreateningsituations,

increasingthelikelihoodthatwewillgetawaywithoutbeingharmed.

Therearedifferencesbetweenpeopleonhoweasilythedefensivesystemisactivated.

Someofusarefrightenedmoreeasilythanothers,andittakeslesstoactivatethedefensive

circuits.This,however,canbeproblematic.Overlysensitivedefensivecircuitsmightstop

workingastheyshouldwhenoverused.

27.Whatcanwelearnaboutthedefensivecircuits?

A.Theywatchoutforpossibledanger.

B.Theyhelpusrememberthreatfeatures.

C.Theypromiseusahappyandhealthylife.

D.Theyeasilystandoutfromotherbrainsystems.

28.Whatdoourbrainsdotomakeupforthetimespentexaminingpossibledanger?

A.Createadditionaldetailsimmediately.

B.Activateashortcutthroughthecortex.

C.Pushourbodytomakelastingchanges.

D.Redirectourattentiontotherestoftheenvironment.

29.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Howdoesyourbrainworkinvarioussituations?

B.Whatmakesusdifferentwhenitcomestofacingthreats?

C.Whyareweoverlysensitivetocertainthreateningobjects?

D.Whathappensinyourbrainwhenyounoticesomethingfrightening?

OnaSaturdayafternoon,yourbestfriendcallsyouandsaysheneedshelpmoving.You

gladlyshowuptohelp.Whenyouaredone,hehandsyousomemoney,saying"Thanksfor

yourhelp.^^Thesituationsuddenlyfeelsawkward（尴尬的）.

Whydoesn'tdirectpaymentfitthesituation?AccordingtoeconomistDanAriely,welive

intwoworlds一onegovernedbysocialnorms（规范），andtheothercharacterizedbymarket

norms.Socialnormsarepartofoursocialnature.Theyincludethefriendlyrequests（请求）

thatpeoplemakeofoneanotherandimmediatepaybackisnotrequired.Inthesecondworld,

wheremarketnormsmaketherules,peopleworkformoneyandgetwhattheypayfor.

Marketrelationshipsarenotnecessarilybadormean,buttheydosuggestcomparable

benefitsandimmediatepayments.

Whenwekeepsocialnormsandmarketnormsontheirseparatepaths,thingsmovealong

smoothly.Moreover,whensocialandmarketnormsrunintoeachother,theresultsarenot

satisfying.

Therewasanexperimentinvolvingdaycarecenterfines.Someparentswouldarrivelateto

pickuptheirchildren,sofineswereintroduced.However,thismademoreparentslate.

Beforethefinewasintroduced,parentsweresorryforkeepingtheteacherswaiting,andthis

madethemfeelcompelledtoarriveontimeinthefuture.Buttheintroductionofthefine

replacedthissocialnormwithamarketnorm.Parentsfelttheywerepayingtobeallowedto

choosewhethertheywantedtobelate.Evenafterthecenterremovedthefine,theparents

didn'treturntosocialnormsandthenumberoflatepick-upsdidn'tdrop.Theresultshoweda

fact:whenaspecialnormrunsintoamarketnorm,thesocialnormgoesawayandseldom

returns.

However,doesthisnecessarilymeanmarketnormsalwayshaveabiggereffectthansocial

norms?Arielyperformedanexperimentbypayingpeople$5(Group1)or$0.50(Group2)

fordragging(拖动)circlesacrossacomputerscreenforfiveminutes.Withpayment,he

expectedthemtousemarketnormsinthatsituationandactaccordingly.AndtoGroup3,he

introducedthetaskasasocialrequest,justaskingthemforhelp.Theresultsshowedthat

Group1draggedonaverage159circles,andGroup2draggedabout101circles.Buttheones

whowerepaidnothingdragged168circles.Whenpeoplewerepaid,motivation(动力)and

productivityroseaspayrose,butpeopleworkedevenharderundersocialnormsthanfor

money,Why?Becausepeoplelovetofeelthattheyhavehelpedothers.

Moneyisthemostexpensivewaytomotivatepeople.Socialnormsarenotonlycheaper,

butoftenmoreeffectiveaswell.Moneywilltakeyouonlysofar-socialnormsarethe

forcesthatcanmakeadifferenceinthelongrun.

30.Whichofthefollowingexamplesfitswithinsocialnorms?

A.Payingafriendforhisvoluntaryhelp.

B.Finingaworkerbecauseofhismistakes.

C.Offeringaneighborafreeridetotheairport.

D.Returningaproducttogetyourmoneyback.

31.Thewords“ffeelcompelledto“inParagraph4mostprobablymean.

A.remainunwillingtoB.thinkitnecessaryto

C.beafraidtoD.finditeasyto

32.WhatcanwelearnaboutDanAriely'sexperimentinParagraph5?

A.Arielyexpectedpeopletohelpeachothertocompletethetask.

B.Theresultsuggestedwhoshouldreceivethehighestpayment.

C.Peopleintheexperimentactedaccordingtothesamenorms.

D.Theexperimentshowedtheeffectsofthetwonorms.

33.Accordingtothepassage,thewriterprobablyagreesthat.

A.socialnormscanplayagreatroleinsociety

B.marketnormsaren'teffectiveastheyusedtobe

C.betterperformancesometimesleadstolowerpay

D.peopleshouldreplacemarketnormswithsocialnorms

Thesummerof2023sawrecord-breakingheatwavesacrossmanypartsoftheworld.As

temperaturescontinuetorise,theeffectofcarbonemissions（碳排放）ontheenvironmenthas

becomeabigproblem.Studiesshowthetravelindustryisresponsibleforabout10%ofthese

emissions,withairtravelalonecausingabout2.8%ofthem.

Toaddressthisproblem,Intrepid一atravelcompany,hassuggesteda"carbonpassport"in

itsrecentreport.Theideabehinditisthateachtravelerwouldhaveayearlycarbonlimit,and

nobodycangooverthatlimit.Usingcarbonpassportsmeanstravelerswillhavetotakefewer

,

flightstolowertheir"carbonfootprinf一theCO2emissionsfromtheiractions.Atpresent,

thecarbonfootprintofeachpersonisaboutfourtonsyearlyonaverage（平均）.Tolimit

temperaturerisetoacceptablelevelsby2050,ourgoalshouldbebelowtwotons.

Inlinewiththisgoal,someEuropeancountriesaretakingstepstoreduceairtravel.In

France,localflightsarecanceledifthesametripscanbemadebytrainin2.5hoursorless.In

Belgium,additionalcharges（收费）areaddedtoshort-distanceflightstoencourageother

formsoftravel.

Intrepidconsiderstheideaofa"carbonpassport“effectivewithmorepeopleinvolvedin.

Travelerswillreceiveinformationabouttheircarbonfootprintsandchangetheirtravelhabits.

Andbusinesseswillbepushedtousemoregreenpractices.AlexHawkins,oneofthewriters

ofthereport,says,"Thesepassportswillmakeusthinkmoreabouthowourtripsinfluence

theenvironment.^^

Whenitcomestomonitoringeveryone'scarbonemission,AnnaAbelson,aprofessorof

theNewYorkUniversitythinksitwouldbeachallengeintermsoflogistics（统计）.Evenif

weworkthatout,therearestillsomeworries.Forexample,peoplemightnotbeabletotake

jobsfarawayorvisitfamilyinothercitiesasoften.Someevenworryaboutprivacyand

personalfreedomifwestartmonitoringandlimitingpeople'sairtravel.

"Gettingeveryoneonboardwithcarbonpassportswon'tbeeasy."Hawkinsadded,“It

wouldneedsupportfromlotsofdifferentpeopleandgroupsallovertheworld.^^However,

evenwiththechallenges,theideaofcarbonpassportsshowstheneedforustotakeaction

togethertofightclimatechangeandmaketraveleco-friendlier.

34.Whichindustryisresponsibleforabout10%oftheworld'scarbonemissions?

35.Whatistheideabehinda"carbonpassport"?

36.HowdoesFrancereduceairtravel?

37.Whatdoyouthinkoftheideaofa"carbonpassport99?Whydoyouthinkso?(Please

givetworeasons.)

四、写作题

38.假设你是李华。你校交换生将与你们共同参加学校的外出活动。作为学生会主

席，你将给他们做行前动员。请用英文写一篇讲话稿，告知他们外出的时间、地点和

活动内容，以及相关的安全建议。

提示词语：park,climb,careful,avoid

提示问题：•Whenandwherewillyoutakethefieldtrip?

•Whatactivitiesareyougoingtododuringthetrip?

•Whatsafetyadvicewouldyouliketogivethem?

Hello,everyone.I'mgladtotellyouthatwearegoingtotakeafieldtrip.

Hopewecanhaveagoodtime.

39.初中三年，一定有很多课给你留下了深刻的印象。

假设你是李华。你校英文公众号正在开展以“MyMostMemorableClass”为主题的征

文活动，请用英文写一篇文章投稿，介绍你最难忘的一节课，并谈谈这节课为什么令

你难忘。

提示词语：science,music,experiment,sing,interesting

提示问题：•Whatwasyourmostmemorableclass?

•Whywastheclassmemorable?

MyMostMemorableClass

参考答案

1.答案：A

解析：

2.答案：C

解析：

3.答案：B

解析：

4.答案：B

解析：

5.答案：D

解析：

6.答案：C

解析：

7.答案：A

解析：

8.答案：A

解析：

9.答案：D

解析：

10.答案：B

解析：

11.答案：D

解析：

12.答案:C

解析：

13.答案：C

解析：

14.答案：B

解析：

15.答案：B

解析：

16.答案：D

解析：

17.答案：A

解析：

18.答案：C

解析：

19.答案：A

解析：

20.答案：D

解析：

21.答案：A

解析：

22.答案：C

解析：

23.答案：D

解析：

24.答案：B

解析：

25.答案：B

解析：

26.