2024年高中英语必修五第一单元知识点课件及习题

必修五Unit1讲义characteristicn.特性；特性指某人或某物天生有别于他人的内部特质Genesdeterminethecharacteristicsofeverylivingthing.character（高考三大意思）1.表达人的“性格”或“品质”Theyaretwinsbuthavequitedifferentcharacters.It's

that

kind

of

courage

and

determination

that

makes

him

such

a

remarkablecharacter

2.表达小說或戏剧等中的“人物”或“角色”，是可数名詞。如：Whoisthemaincharacterintheplay?3.表达“文字”，指書写符号或印刷符号等，是可数名詞。如：Hewritesbeautifulcharacters.Chinesecharacter中文analysesb'scharacter

buildandformone'scharacter

radiumn.镭paintern.画家；油漆匠必修注意：paint做動詞两個意思：1.绘画2.粉刷，油漆putforward提出；把時钟往前拨，把東西往前移（常忘掉的詞组）Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?Heputforwardanewplan.Putyourwatchforward;it'sfiveminutesslower.Whydon'tyou

put

yourchair

forward

togetabetterview?

putdown记下；放下；弹压 putout熄灭putaside放在一边；储存；保留 putoff推迟；延期putup；举起；张贴；搭建 puton穿上；上映，上演；增長putaway收好，整顿，归类The

band

are

hoping

to

put

on

a

UK

show

before

the

end

of

the

year.I

can

eat

what

I

want

but

I

never

put

on

weight

We

should

put

aside

our

differences

and

discuss

the

things

we

have

in

commonscientificadj.科學的concludevt.&vi.結束；推断出conclusionn.結论；結束drawaconclusion提出結论analysevt.分析infectvt.传染；感染（病毒，疾病），或者污染（例如說水质被污染不洁净了）affecteffect辨析affect强调影响的動作，過程。（做動詞）The

divorce

affected

Jim

deeplyClimate

and

weather

affect

every

aspect

of

our

lives

effect强调影响的成果（一般做名詞，有時也動詞），常接句型：haveaneffectonsth.Ifanareaisaffectedbyflooding,theeffectcanbedevastating。infectiousadj.传染的defeatvt.打败；战胜；使受挫n.失败[辨析]win,beat与defeatwin“赢得”赛事、战事、某物；beat“战胜”“击败”比赛中的對手，可与defeat互换Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheotherteams.expertadj.纯熟的；經验或知识丰富的n. 专家；行家attendvt.照顾；护理；出席；参与（照顾可加to也可不加）attendaceremony/lecture/ameeting/schoolattendto:tolookafter,carefor,serve服侍,照顾，看护Thequeenhadagooddoctorattending（on）her.Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.physiciann.醫生；内科醫師physicist:物理學家doctor醫生,是個通用詞,几乎什么場所都能用.physician重要是指“内科醫生”,与“外科醫生（surgeon）（此單詞要背）”相對,當然在美語中我也常常听到一般醫生也說surgeon.exposevt.暴露；揭发；使曝光expose…to（to做介詞）使显露；暴露Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.(書本原句)但當他一想到要协助那些得了霍乱的一般人時，他就感到很振奋。exposedtocholera在句中是過去分詞作後置定語，表达被動。意為“患霍乱的”。如：ThebookwrittenbyLuxunisverypopular.ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.exposesb/sthtosthHeexposeshisskintothesun.beexposedtosth.(to做介詞)HisskinisexposedtothesunWearesupposedtobeexposedtoasmuchartandcultureaspossible.deadlyadj.致命的curen.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗outbreakn.爆发；发作（尤指疾病或战争）challengen.挑战vt.向……挑战victimn.受害者victim是受害人，受伤或在意外中死亡的人都可以称為victimNotallthevictimssurvived.sufferer是受难者或患病者，一般指遭受苦难或患病的人absorbvt.吸取；吸引；使专心句型：beabsorbedin(1)专注，聚精會神beabsorbedin＝putone’sheartinto=concentrateon集中精力做某事Iwasabsorbedinabookanddidn’thearyourcall.Absorbedinhiswork，Tomsimplyforgotfoodandsleep.（2）吸取，把……吸取入Blackclothabsorbslight.黑布吸取光线。Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.Thecleverboyabsorbedalltheknowledgehisteachercouldgivehim.suspectvt.怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯enquiryn.問询(此單詞高考少見，不過生活中倒是見得多，=inquiry)例如說某個單位的問询处，公安办案的問询，都是此單詞neighbourhoodn.附近；邻近intheneighborhood在附近severeadj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的(=soserious)Iwascaughtinaseverestormlastnightandcouldn’tgobackhomeintime.Hehassuchasevereillnessthathehasbeeninhospital.Isufferedasevereattackoftoothache.clueadj.线索；提醒pumpn.泵；抽水机vt.（用泵）抽（水）Cambridge剑桥大街foreseevt.预見；预知fore為前缀：在前面，在此前。由此可得出诸多詞汇的大概意思forearmn.前臂foreheadn.前额foresightn.先見之明,遠見,深谋遠虑foretasten.预尝,先试foretellv.预言,预测forewarnv.预先警告forewordn.序言,引言,序forecastv./n.foregroundn.前景（background背景）investigatevt.&vi.调查investigationn.调查blamevt.责怪；训斥過錯；责怪blamesb.forsth./doingsth.因某事责怪某人Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人Thepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonjack’scarelessdriving.betoblamefor(doing)sth．因(做)某事某人应當受到训斥；注意:betoblame应受责怪（积极表被動）；应负责任Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.pollutevt.污染；弄脏handlen.柄；把手vt.处理；操纵=dealwith（此單詞两個意思老會忘掉其中一种，必须牢记）germn.微生物；细菌linkvt.&n.连接；联络link…to…将……和……联络或连接起来announcevt.宣布；告知certaintyn.确信；确实instructvt.命令；指示；教导responsibleadj.有责任的；负责的（beresponsiblefor對......有责任）名詞形式為responsibility责任初學此單詞及其轻易与response混淆responsen.回应，答复（theresponseto）,動詞形式為respondThere

has

been

no

response

to

his

remarks

from

the

government

constructvt.建设；修建constructionn.建设；建筑物（underconstruction在建设當中）contributevt.&vi.捐献，奉献；导致，助于1.此單詞初三學過一种短語為makeacontributionto（為.....作出奉献）Thisinventionmadeamajorcontributiontoroadsafety.2.Hisresearchhascontributedalottoourunderstandingofthisdisease.Hepromisedtocontribute$5,000totheschoolrebuildingproject.3.contributeto可表达“导致，促成；有助于”。此句型的构造和意思有點类似于leadtoSmokingcertainlycontributedtohisearlydeath.apartfrom除……之外；此外1）相称于besides.意為“除……以外（還包括）”Apartfrommymothertongue,Ispeakseveralforeignlanguagesaswell.除了母語外，我還會讲好几种外語。2）相称于except.意為“除……以外（不包括）”IlikeallthesubjectsapartfromEnglish.除了英語外，我喜欢所有學科。fireworkn.烟火（燃放）chartn.图表creativeadj.有发明力的；发明性的；独创的co-operativeadj.合作的positiveadj.积极的；肯定的；确实的（be）strictwith…對……严格的revolutionaryadj.革命的；重大变革的movementn.移動；运動；動作makesense讲得通；故意义Itdoesn'tmakesensetobuythatexpensivecoatforthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.backwardadv.&adj.向後地（的）；相反地（的）；退步地（的）loopn.圈；环privatelyadv.私下地；秘密地spinvi.&vt.(使)旋转；纺（线或纱）brightnessn.明亮；亮度；聰颖enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的句型：beenthusiasticaboutcautiousadj.小心的；谨慎的becautiousabout對......谨慎名詞是：cautionrejectvt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃universen.宇宙；世界過去分詞作定語1)語法功能相称于一种定語從句ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.ThebikewhichwasstolenbelongstoJack.ThelecturegivenbyProfessorZhangisaboutenvironmentprotection.ThelecturewhichwasgivenbyProfessorZhangisabouttheenvironmentprotection.theaffectedpeople受感染的人abrokenheart一颗破碎的心alostdog丧家之犬abrokenglass被打破的玻璃杯Attention：過去分詞修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those等不定代詞時，要放在這些詞背面。Is

there

anything

unsolved?

There

is

noting

changed

here

since

I

left

this

town.b.過去分詞短語作定語：一般後置，其作用相称于定語從句。peopleexposedtocholera=peoplewhowasexposedtocholerathebookrecommendedbyJack=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbyJackthemachinesproducedlastyear=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyearc.不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語時不表被動，只表完毕。arisensun已升起的太阳thegonedays逝去的時光fallenleaves落叶目前分詞与過去分詞作定語的区别：Theletterpostedyesterdaywillsoonreachhim.Haveyoureadthebookrecommendedbyyourteacher?thechangingworld（正在变化的）thechangedworld（变化了的）boilingwater（正在沸腾的）boiledwater（已經沸腾過的）fadingflowers(正在凋落的)fadedflowers（已經凋落的）adevelopingcountry(发展中的)adevelopedcountry（发达的）adrowningman将近淹死的人adrownedman已經淹死的人fallingleaves正在飘落的树叶fallenleaves落叶aretiredworker退休工人anescapedprisoner逃犯3）及物動詞的過去分詞(done)与目前分詞的被動式(beingdone)都可以表达“被動”，但前者多表达一种完毕了的動作，而後者则表达一种正在進行的動作.theproblemdiscussedyesterdayisverycomplicatedtheproblembeingdiscussedisverycomplicated過去分詞做表語1過去分詞（短語）作表語時，其作用相称于adj.,阐明的是主語的状态Allthewindowsarebroken.Allhopeisgone.Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.常見作表語的過去分詞有：disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried,gone,dressed,lost等。注意過去分詞作表語時和動詞的被動語态构造相似，但两者体現的意思明显不一样，前者阐明主語的特點及所处的状态，而後者强调被動的動作。Myglassesarebroken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态）Myglasseswerebrokenbymyson.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。（動作）1.Thedisc,digitally______inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded2.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,____as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown3.Mostoftheartists_____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited4.Assoonassheenteredther