2024年高考英语二轮复习：词义猜测题（阅读理解题型）（解析版）

专题06词义猜测题通关练

词义猜测题解题策略

名校优选专项通关练

【解题策略】

词义猜测题常常涉及高考词汇表要求之外的词。所画线的单词或短语，考核的并不是语法的熟练程度，

也不是记忆力，而是对文章一个段落或一句话的整体把握和变通能力。此时，需要在一个段落，几句话甚

至整篇文章中“左顾右盼”，看前后都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物或人物与事物之间的内在联系，

才能最终解开迷雾，拨云见日。

解题策略

1.构词法猜词义:根据构词法可以猜出文中由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成的新词。

2.逻辑法猜测词义:在阅读材料中，可以根据下定义、举例子、解释等猜测词义。即画线部分词后常带有

standfor,mean,thatis,namely,referto,inotherwords等词或破折号引出说明性的内容，有时候也会

用定语从句或同位语等进行解释说明。还有的会用例子来说明画线部分的词义，应当关注下列词如，such

as,forexample,forinstance,like,becalled,beknownas等词汇或破折号。

【典例】Shepointedoutthatfamousfaceshadplayedasignificantroleinraisingfundsinrecentyears,and

theirenergieshadproducedtangibleresults,suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattend

school.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tangible“inparagraphIprobablymean?

A.Definite.B.Complicated.C.Limited.D.Temporary.

【解析】戈［J线词所在句中的"suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool”部分表明,

名人们在慈善方面的努力取得了实在的成果，所以可以推测tangible意为“切实的，实在的”。故答案选A。

3.标点笈号遁蛔义：有时作者会利用标点符号为生词提供解释，如，破折号、引号等。

【典例】Heneedstowork8hourseveryday.Hewillbeonthenightshift—frommidnightto8a.m.nextday.

What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords?

A.开夜车B.夜班C.熬夜D.晚上休息

【解析】根据破折号后解释的词义，可知应选B。

4.同义或反义关系猜测词义：有时在画线词前后会出现与之同义或反义的词语，可根据其熟悉的词语推知

画线部分的意思。

5.上下文联系猜测词义:任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是完全孤立的，都与句子所在的段落及整篇

文章有联系。可以根据上下文提供的线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析。

【典例】Humanmusichasbeensenttotheheavensin1977.Distantbeingscanintheoryalreadyenjoy

Peruvianpanpipes,aNavajochant,Bach,Beethovenandmore.Butnopreviousoffering,andperhapsno

compositionundertakenanywhere,hastriedtoencompasstheentirediversityofhumansong.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"encompass"inParagraph3mean?

A.Include.B.Appreciate.

C.Workout.D.Relateto.

【答案】A

【解析】词义猜测题。根据本段段第二句"DistantbeingscanintheoryalreadyenjoyPeruvianpanpipes,a

Navajochant,Bach,Beethovenandmore.^^（遥远的生物理论上已经可以欣赏秘鲁的排箫、纳瓦霍的圣歌、

巴赫、贝多芬等。）可知，被送到太空的音乐类型很多。再根据划线词所在句的But,可以判断之前的作品

没能包含人类歌曲的多样性，故由此可知划线词词义为“包含”，选A项。

【名校优选专项通关练】

1.（2023•河」匕•河」匕衡水中学模拟）Gloverandhercolleaguestestedtheirhypothesisinthelab.Intheir

experiment,theyfoundthatbeesfeltconfusedsometimeswhenthepetalswereveryiridescentandthatbeeshad

noproblemfindingtheflowerswithmorenectarwhenthepetalswerenotveryiridescent.Theteamsharedits

newfindingsintheMarch21CurrentBiology.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hypothesis“inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Discussion.B.Method.

C.Assumption.D.Invention

【答案】C

【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中Gloverandhercolleaguestestedtheirhypothesisinthelab.Intheir

experiment,theyfoundthatbeesfeltconfusedsometimeswhenthepetalswereveryiridescentandthatbeeshad

noproblemfindingtheflowerswithmorenectarwhenthepetalswerenotveryiridescentGlover和她的同事在

实验室里测试了他们的假设，在他们的实验中，他们发现，当花瓣非常艳丽时，蜜蜂有时会感到困惑；当

花瓣不是很亮时，蜜蜂就会发现有更多花蜜的花朵。因此推断画线词的意思是“假设”，故选C。

2.（2024•江苏扬州•高三扬州学校）Humansmustbechoosyaboutwhattheypayattentionto.Pitchpatternsare

quiteimportantintonallanguages,whichmightexplainthebalancingactinmusic."You'vegotafiniteresource

ofattention,andyou'vegottodivideupthatsomehow,9,saysstudycoauthorCourtneyHilton,ascientistatthe

UniversityofAucklandinNewZealand.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“finite“inparagraph4mean?

A.Valued.B.Limited.C.Special.D.Potential.

【答案】B

【解析】词句猜测题。戈！J线词句前文“Humansmustbechoosyaboutwhattheypayattentionto.Pitchpatternsare

quiteimportantintonallanguages,whichmightexplainthebalancingactinmusic.（人类必须对自己关注的东西

有所选择。音高模式在声调语言中非常重要，这也许可以解释音乐中的平衡行为）”说明，人类必须对他们

所关注的东西有选择性，从而推知划线词句"You'vegotafiniteresourceofattention,andyou'vegottodivide

upthatsomehow（你的注意力资源是finite,你必须以某种方式分配它）”其中划线词应为“有限的”的意思，与

B项Limited“有限的”同义。故选B项。

3.（2023•江苏•高三江苏省苏州中校阶段练习）Their14-year-oldson,Mike,isaprodigy.Heisamemberof

Mensa,whichistheworld'stopIQclub.Hecompletedhishighschool,associate'sandbachelor'sdegreesallin

threeyears.Thafsnotall.Healsorantwotechcompanies,foundedathirdonethatworkstowardscontrollingthe

populationoflionfish,aninvasive（入侵的）species.

Whatdotheunderlinedwords“aprodigy"inparagraph2referto?

A.Agiftedperson.B.Afamousstudent.

C.Abrilliantbiologist.D.Asuccessfulbusinessman.

【答案】A

【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“HeisamemberofMensa,whichistheworld'stopIQclub.He

completedhishighschool,associate'sandbachelor'sdegreesallinthreeyears.（他是全球顶尖的智商俱乐部门

萨的成员。他在三年内完成了高中、副学士和学士学位）“可知，Mike的智商非常高，学习能力非常强，能

迅速完成学业。由此可知，他应该是一个天才，aprodigy意思应该是“极具天赋的人”。故选A项。

4.（2024•浙江杭州•学军中学校考预测）Parentsaroundtheworldmayhaveadifficulttimeeverynight,oncea

chapterisfinishedandtheirchildrenmustgotosleep.TheChristmasPigwillkeepreadersturningpageswitha

greatandimaginativestory,filledwithcliffhangersattheendofmostchaptersthatwillleavekidsaskingfor

more.IfsomereviewerssaidthatTheIckaboglackedHarryPotter'smagic,theycanrestassuredthatThe

ChristmasPighasallthemagicthatJ.K.Rowlingcanprovide,andthafsmorethanenough.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cliffhangers“probablymeaninParagraph5?

A.Imagination.B.Suspense.C.Magic.D.Challenge.

【答案】B

【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“TheChristmasPigwillkeepreadersturningpageswithagreatand

imaginativestory,filledwith”以及后文"attheendofmostchaptersthatwillleavekidsaskingformore”可矢口，

《圣诞猪》的故事让读者不断翻页，让孩子们想要更多，说明在大多数章节的结尾都充满了悬念，让人想

要继续读下去。故划线词意思是“悬念”。故选B。

5.（2024•浙江嘉兴•海宁市高级中学校考模拟）Sincethatfirstsolohiking,adventuringalonehasbecomelike

medicineforme.Ithasalsopushedmetogobeyondmycomfortzoneandtomeetnewpeople.Throughmeetups

andsocialmedia,myadventure-friendcirclehasballooned.Butatleastoncepermonth,Ischeduletimetohit

naturewithmyfavoritefriend:me.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ballooned“inthelastparagraphmean?

A.restartedB.transformedC.disappearedD.expanded

【答案】D

【解析】词句猜测题。由上文讲“因为难以找到（一起出游的）同伴，作者决定独自出游”和最后一段中“It

hasalsopushedmetogobeyondmycomfortzoneandtomeetnewpeople.Throughmeetupsandsocialmedia,

myadventure-friendcirclehasballooned.（它也促使我走出舒适区,结识新朋友。通过聚会和社交媒体，我的

冒险朋友圈ballooned）”可知,独自出游使作者结识新朋友，因此通过聚会和社交媒体，作者的朋友多了，

其冒险朋友圈扩大了，画线词意为“扩大（expanded）:故选D项。

6.（2023•福建•高三福建省泉州第—中学校考）However,thepoorestperformersshowednorecognition,despite

clearandrepeatedfeedbackthattheyweredoingbadly.Insteadofbeingconfusedorthoughtfulabouttheir

incorrectways,incompetentpeopleinsistthattheirwaysarecorrect.AsCharlesDarwinwroteinTheDescentof

Man（1871）:"Ignorancemorefrequentlybegetsconfidencethandoesknowledge."

Theunderlinedword"begets"canbereplacedby"

A.givesrisetoB.takesadvantageofC.makesupforD.breaksawayfrom

【答案】A

【解析】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“Insteadofbeingconfusedorthoughtfulabouttheirincorrectways,

incompetentpeopleinsistthattheirwaysarecorrect.（不称职的人坚持他们的方式是正确的，而不是困惑或思

考他们不正确的方式可知，上面的研究表明无知的人更加盲目自信。所以这句话的意思是“无知比知识

更容易产生自信”。beget的意思是giveriseto,意为“引起故选A。

7.（2023•福建,高三厦门双十中学阶段练习）Ienjoyeddoinghandiworkandmyparentswouldcomehomeand

seeartworksIhadfinishedthatday-painting,claysculpting,sewingstuffedanimals,etc.ButwhenIstudied

engineeringincollege,thesepursuitsweredeep-sixed.NotonlywasIstretchedfortime,butIdidn'tthinkthey

wererelevanttomyacademicwork.Ihesitatedtohighlightmyfemalecraftinginterestsinthemale-dominated

engineeringenvironmentwhereIalreadyfeltlikeanoutsider.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deep-sixed“inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Putaside.B.Backedup.C.Followedthrough.D.Dugout.

【答案］A

【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段第三句"NotonlywasIstretchedfbrtime,butIdidn'tthinktheywererelevant

tomyacademicwork.（我不仅时间紧张，而且我认为它们与我的学术工作无关。户可知，此处是指在大学时

期这个追求被搁置了。所以deep-sixed意为“被搁置的"。故选A。

8.（2023•广东•高三揭阳华侨高中阶段练习）A2021studypublishedinBiologyLetters,forexample,looked

backto19th-centuryhistoricallogbooksfromwhalers.Researchersfoundthatspermwhaleswereatfirsteasyto

catch-butalmostimmediately,thewhaleslearnedhowtoevadehuntersandwhalingsuccessdroppedby60

percent.Thestudysuggeststhatthewhalespassedinformationtooneanotherthroughsoundwavestoavoidbeing

caught.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evade“meaninparagraph3?

A.Track.B.Avoid.C.Locate.D.Trick.

【答案】D

【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线单词下一句"whalingsuccessdroppedby60percent（捕鲸的成功率下降了60%），

可知，抹香鲸是学会了如何躲避捕鱼人。选项A“Track（跟踪广；选项B“Avoid（避免广；选项C“Locate（定

位广;选项D“Trick（戏弄）”。故选B。

9.（2023•广东•高三华南师大附中校考）Otherswerescepticalabouttheabilityoflanguagemodelstoprogram

robotsforcomplextasks.KathleenRichardsonatDeMontfortUniversityLeicester,UK,saysthatAIlanguage

modelsareconvincingmimics（模仿者），butthattheirrealability-includingtheiradaptabilitytocontrolrobots-is

oftenexaggerated."IthinkMicrosoft,andmostpeoplewhodesignrobots,havetoomuchconfidenceinwhatthey

cando,“shesays.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"exaggerated“inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Neglected.B.Simplified.C.Overestimated.D.Praised.

【答案】C

【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段的“AIlanguagemodelsareconvincingmimics（人工智能语言模型是

令人信服的模仿者）”及but可知，划线词与前面convincing相反意思，再根据划线词后面IthinkMicrosoft,

andmostpeoplewhodesignrobots,havetoomuchconfidenceinwhattheycando（我认为微软和大多数设计机

器人的人，都过于相信这些机器人能做的事情）可推断，划线句句意是：它们的真正能力——包括控制机

器人的适应性——经常被夸大。故选C项。

10.（2023•重庆•高三重庆市第十一中学校校考）Now,MrHenningissettingupanoperationatAugsburgAirport

inGermanytofurtherthedevelopmentofProsperityI,thecompany'sairtaxi.ProsperityIcanseatthree

passengersandapilot.Itisahybridbetweenahelicopterandafixed-wingplane.Ittakesoffandlandsvertically,

usingmultiplerotors（旋翼），buttheseareswitchedoffwhenitisinfullflight.Atthatpointa“pusher“propeller

（螺旋桨）atthebacktakesover,toprovideforwarddrive,andthusliftviathewings.Thisarrangementmakes

betteruseoftheaircraffsbattery,givingProsperityIarangeofsome250km.

Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlineword“hybrid“inParagraph2?

A.Symbol.B.Mixture.C.Concept.D.Application.

【答案】B

【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Ittakesoffandlandsvertically,usingmultiplerotors（旋翼）,buttheseare

switchedoffwhenitisinfullflight.Atthatpointa“pusher“propeller（螺旋桨）atthebacktakesover,toprovide

forwarddrive,andthusliftviathewings.（它使用多个旋翼垂直起飞和降落，但这些旋翼在全速飞行时会关闭。

此时，后部的“推进器”螺旋桨接管，提供向前的驱动力，从而通过机翼升力）”可知，eVTOLs兼具直升机

和固定翼飞机的部分特点。由此推断，划线单词的意思与“混合”或“兼具”相似。故选B项。

11.（2024•重庆•高三重庆南开中学校考阶段练习）InJuly1915,severelytorturedbyhispoorhealth,James

Murray,oneoftheearlyeditorsoftheOxfordEnglishDictionary（OED）,definedonefinalword.Afterhis36

years'dedicationtothedictionary,hishardlabourhadtakenatoll,knowinghewouldnotseetheproject

complete.

Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“takenatolF,inparagraph1mean?

A.Paidoff.

B.Provedinvain.

C.Wornoutthepassion.

D.Hadaharmfuleffect.

【答案】D

【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句"Afterhis36years5dedicationtothedictionary,hishardlabour

had…”（在他36年致力于编纂词典之后,他的辛勤劳动。）及最后一句"knowinghewouldnotseetheproject

complete."（因为他不会看到项目完成。）可知，因为他不会看到项目完成，所以在他36年致力于编纂词典

之后，他的辛勤劳动没有产生明显的效果。故选D项。

12.（2023•重庆•西南大学附中校联考）IexplainedthereasonwhyIcame——Chika'smedicalcondition——thebrain

tumor（肿瘤）.Iexplainedthatherlifecouldbeinthebalance.IsaidIhadahardquestion.IfChikashouldnot

survive,isitimportanttohimthatshebeburiedhereinHaiti?

Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“inthebalance^^inparagraph3mean?

A.Evaluated.B.Undetermined.C.Lengthened.D.Unexplained.

【答案】B

【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词组下一句"IsaidIhadahardquestion.IfChikashouldnotsurvive,isit

importanttohimthatshebeburiedhereinHaiti?（我说我有个难题。如果Chika活不下去了，把她葬在海地对

他来说重要吗？）”以及文章第五段“Ieventuallycametomyutmostmission.Iwantedhimtoseehis

daughter-andhertoseehim-perhapsbecause,deepdown,Idoubtedaboutanotherchance.（我终于完成了我最

大的使命。我想让他见见他的女儿，也想让她见见他——也许是因为，在内心深处，我怀疑是否还有机会。）”

可知，Chika情况危急，随时可能会去世。选项A“Evaluated（^l^）”；选项B“Undetermined（不确定）”；选项

C“Lengthened（延长）”；选项DPnexplained（无法解释的）故选B。

13.（2024•江西上饶•高三第一中学校考）Reindeerchangetheireyesbyadjustingtheirtapetumlucidum,whichis

madeofcollagenfibers.Inwinter,thecollagenfibersbecomepackedtighter,causingthetapetumlucidumto

mainlyreflectbluelight.Thischangehappenswhenreindeerdilatetheirpupils（瞳孑L）.Insummer,thereindeer's

pupilsreturntoasmallersize,whichhelpsreindeerreducetheamountoflightenteringtheeye.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dilate“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Relax.B.Expand.C.Narrow.D.Hide.

【答案】B

【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Inwinter,thecollagenfibersbecomepackedtighter,causingthe

tapetumlucidumtomainlyr6flectbluelight.（在冬天，胶原纤维变得更紧，导致荧光膜主要反射蓝光）”和下文

“Insummer,thereindeer'spupilsreturntoasmallersize,whichhelpsreindeerreducetheamountoflightentering

theeye.（在夏天，驯鹿的瞳孔会变小，这有助于驯鹿减少进入眼睛的光线量）”可知，此处描述驯鹿眼睛中

荧光膜在冬季和夏季的工作机制，夏季时瞳孔会变小，减少进入眼睛的光线量。由此推知，冬天瞳孔会变

大，增加进入眼睛的光线量，dilate意思应该是“扩大”，与expand意思相近。故选B项。

14.（2024•四川成都•高期末）Twain'sracialtonewasnotperfect.Oneisleftuneasy,forexample,by

thelengthypassageinhisautobiographyabouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled“niggershows"inhisyouth

一mostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack-face-andhisdelightingettinghismothertolaughatthem.Yet

the