2024年高考英语考前必练卷8（新高考专用）（解析版）

密卷（新高考专用）08-2024年高考英语考前必练10套密卷

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位

号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答

题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。

2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息

点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域

内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最

佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对

话仅读一遍。

1.Whatisthemangoingtodo?

A.Holdaparty.B.Gotothebookstore.C.Celebratehisbirthday.

【答案】A

【原文】W:There9sasalegoingon.Wouldyouliketogotothebookstorewithme?

M:rdliketo,butmyuncleiscomingtovisitusandFvearrangedapartyforhim.He'llcelebrate

hisfiftiethbirthday.

2.WhograduatedfromNanjingNormalUniversity?

A.Nancy'smother.B.Thewoman.C.Theman.

【答案】A

【原文】W:Michael,yourdaughterNancyhasgainedadmissiontoNanjingnormaluniversity.

Right?

M:Yes.Wordgetsaroundfast.

W:IfIremembercorrectly,ifsalsoyouroldschool.

M:Actually,it'smywiffe's.

3.WhatisthemanplanningtodoonSaturday?

A.Entertainrelatives.B.Skatewithfriends.C.GooutwithMary.

【答案】A

［原文］W:We'regoingskatingthisweekend.CanyouandMarycomealong?

M:Idon'tthinkwe'llbeabletomakeit.Mybrother'sfamilyiscomingonSaturday.

4.Whenwillthewomanmeethercousin?

A.Tomorrowevening.B.Tomorrowmorning.C.Thisafternoon.

【答案】C

【原文】M:GwencamebackfromShanghailastnight.Lefshangoutwithherthisafternoon!

W:Sorry,Ihavetovisitmycousinthen.Iwon'tbebackuntiltomorrowmorning.

5.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Inahotel.B.Inaschool.C.Inameetingroom.

【答案】A

【原文】M:Canyouchangetheroomforme?Ifstoonoisy.

W:Sorry,wedon'thaveanyspareroomtoday.Couldyouwaittilltomorrow?TheAmerican

People-to-PeopleEducationDelegationwillbeleavingtomorrowmorning.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个

选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听

完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whattimeisitwhentheconversationhappens?

A.At2:50pm.

B.At3:20pm.

C.Around3:10pm

7.Whatdoesthewomanplantodowiththepaper?

A.Tonotedownthesolareclipse（日食）.

B.Tostopthebirdssinging.

C.Toprotecthereyes.

【答案】6.C7.C

【原文】M:It'ssaidthat70%oftheskywillbecoveredbythebiggestsolareclipseinAmerica

thiscentury,butitlooksperfectlynormal.Areyousurewe911beabletoseeitinthisarea?

W:Itisn'ttimeyet.Youhavenopatience.Theysaiditwouldbeat20minutespast3.Westill

haveanother10minutesorso.

M:Isittruethatthebirdsaregoingtostopsinging?

W:TilbelieveitwhenIseeit,orrather,hearit.I'mgoingtogoandgetthepapertoseewithit.

M:Thafswhatyou'vebeendoingallmorning?

W:Yeah,well,theysaidyoucouldgoblindlookingatitdirectly,sothisisthesafestway.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

2

8.Whatdoesthemanworkfor?

A.Anonlinenewsagency.B.Anewspaper.C.ATVchannel.

9.Whydoesthemanliketobeajournalist?

A.Hetravelsalot.B.Heearnsahighpay.C.Hegetsjobsatisfaction.

【答案】8.A9.C

【原文】W:Whatdoyoudoforaliving?

M:Fmajournalist.

W:Really?Ihavegreatrespectforyouguys.Doyouworkforanewspaperoratelevision

channel?

M:Iworkforanonlinenewsagency.

W:Great.WhenIwasincollege,Iwaskeenonbecomingajournalist,butmyparentsdidn't

supportme.Theyfeltthatjournalismwasariskyfieldtobein,thoughtheyarewell-paidanddoa

lotoftraveling.

M:Yes,journalistshavetotakealotofrisksandchallenges.Sometimesweriskourownlivesin

ourquesttofindthetruth.Butthesatisfactionwegetishuge.Actually,thafswhatkeepsusinthis

job.

W:Youareright.Jobsatisfactionisfarmoreimportantthanjobsafety.

听第8段材料，回答第10-12题。

10.Whoworkswithcars?

A.Phil.B.Chris.C.Theman.

11.Whatdoesthemanwantintheapartment?

A.Twobedrooms.

B.Abathroomwithashower.

C.Twobathroomsandakitchen.

12.Whichpartofthecitydoesthemanliketolivein?

A.Thenorth.B.Thewest.C.Theeast.

【答案】10.A11.B12.B

【原文】W:Hello,Reynoldsestateagentshere.HowmayIhelpyou?

M:Hellothisisbill.I'mringingtoseewhatflatsyouhaveforrent.Threeofusaregoingtoshare

one.

W:Isee,areyoustudents?

M:No,we'veallgotfulltimejobs.Twoofusworkinthecentralbank.ThafsChrisandme.And

PhilworksforHarlemcars.

W:AndIsupposeyou'llbelookingforsomewherewiththreebedrooms.

M:Yeah,atleastthree.

W:Isthatwithalivingroomtoshareplusthekitchenandabathroom?

M:Thatsoundsgood.Butwemusthaveabathroomwithashower.Wedon'tmindhavingabath,

buttheshoweriscrucial.

W:Okay.Filjustkeythatin.Areyouinterestedinanyparticulararea?

M:Wellthecitycenterisourfirstpreference.Butwe'dconsideranythinginthewesternsuburbs.

Wearen'tinterestedintheNorthortheeastofthecity.

W:OK,Tmjustgettingupalltheflatsonourbooks.

听第9段材料，回答第13-16题。

13.Whatisthemandoing?

A.Preparingforameeting.B.Exercising.C.Cooking.

14.Howdoesthewomansoundattheman'sweightloss?

A.Serious.B.Surprised.C.Happy.

15.Howdoesthemangettoworknow?

A.Bytrain.B.Bybus.C.Bybike.

16.Whatwillthemandotohelpthewoman?

A.Makesaladsforher.B.Gojoggingwithher.C.Lendabooktoher.

【答案】13.C14.B15.C16.C

【原文】W:Thatsmellsgood.Whatareyoumaking?

M:Mybreakfastfortomorrow.

W:Butifsalmostdinnertime!

M:Well,Tvegotaveryearlystarttomorrowmorning.

W:Whatareyougoingtodo?

M:I'vegotameetingatmycompany'sheadoffice.IfIdon'tprepare,IknowI'llendupeating

somethingunhealthyatthetrainstation.Fvealsomadeasaladtotakewithmeforlunch.

W:Wow,Fveneverknownyoutobethisorganized!You'reveryseriousaboutlosingweight,

aren'tyou?

M:Iam.AndI'mhappytosayit'sworking!

W:Oh,really?

M:Yes,I'velostsixkilossinceIstartedatthebeginningoftheyear.Iweighed95kiloswhenI

startedinJanuary.

W:Thafsamazing...andinonlyfourmonths!Haveyoubeenexercisingtoo?

M:Yes.Iusedtotakethebustowork,andnowIrideabikeinstead.

W:Thafsreallygreat.MaybeIshouldtrytolearnfromyou!

M:Youdon'tneedtoloseanyweight!

W:Imaybeslim,butIeatwaytoomuchjunkfood.AndIdriveeverywhere,evenwhenitwould

beeasytowalk.

M:Well,Icanlendyouthebookthatinspiredme.

W:Thatwouldbegreat!Thanks.

4

听第10段材料，回答第17-20题。

17.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Schoolmates.B.Relatives.C.Colleagues.

18.WhatcanvisitorsdoinLookingBack?

A.LearnaboutGreekculture.B.Watchsomerecordings.C.Createbuildingmodels.

19.Whichexhibitionwillthespeakersattend?

A.Transport.B.FunScience.C.GlassPlace.

20.WhenwillthespeakersprobablymeetonSunday?

A.Ataround12:00.B.Ataround1:30pm.C.Ataround3:00pm.

【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.A

【原文】M:Lisa,haveyougotaminute?Weneedtotalkaboutwhichvenuewegoingtochoose

forthisSunday'safterschoolactivity.

W:Sure,themuseumIwenttolastWednesdaywithmytutorwasprettyinteresting.Ithadseveral

exhibitionsontransportfromancientGreece.Wecangothere.

M:Well,ifsboringtovisitoneplacetwotimes.TdliketorecommendLookingBack.There9san

exhibitionthatexploresthehistoryofthepastthreehundredyears.Ithasspecialrecordingsof

localpeoplewhotoldtheirstories.Myelderbrothervisitedonceandspokehighlyofit.

W:LookingBack,isn'titonSouthMainStreet?IthinkI'vebeentherebefore.

M:Okay.HowaboutFunScience?Wecantrytherocketmodelsorwatch3Dfilmsabout

differentplanetsthereorwecangoandexperiencetheprocessofglassmakinginaglassplace.

W:Makingglass?I'veneverseendemonstrationslikethat.Whenwillthatbe?

M:1:30pmonSundayfifthfloorofthecitymuseum.

W:Inthatcase,wecanhavelunchtogetherandgotothemuseumafterward.

M:Great!I'llseeyouatnoonthen.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题:每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

ReimaginingtheOutdoors:APhotographyWorkshopwithJuliaReynolds

Discovertheartofcapturingthebeautyofnatureinthisexclusiveonlineworkshoporganizedby

Nature'sLensMagazine.

RenownedphotographerJuliaReynoldswillguideparticipantsthroughtheessentialtechniques

andcreativeprocessesinvolvedinoutdoorphotography.Whetheryou'reabeginneroran

experiencedphotographer,Julia'sexpertinstructionwillinspireyoutoexplorethenaturalworld

withyourcameralens.

WorkshopHighlights:

ExploringOutdoorPhotography:Understandtheuniquechallengesandopportunitiesof

outdoorphotography.

CompositionandLighting:Learnhowtocomposestunningoutdoorshotsandmakethe

mostofnaturallighting.

CapturingtheMoment:Mastertheartoftimingandanticipationtocapturetheperfect

outdoorphotograph.

EditingandPost-Processing:Discoveressentialeditingtechniquestoenhanceyouroutdoor

photographs.WhoShouldAttend:

▲Photographyenthusiastseagertoimprovetheiroutdoorphotographyskills.

▲Natureloverslookingtocapturethebeautyofthegreatoutdoors.

▲Beginnersinterestedinlearningthebasicsofphotography.

WorkshopDetails:

★Date:Saturday,July15,2024

★Time:10am-1pm(GMT)

★Participantswillreceivearecordingoftheworkshopforfuturereference.

★Uponregistration,participantswillreceiveanemailwithaccessdetails.

Pleasenote:ThisworkshopwillbeconductedviaZoom.Participantsareadvisedtoreview

Zoom'sprivacypolicyandtermsandconditionspriortoregistration.Refundswillnotbeissued

fornon-attendanceorcancellations.

21.Whataspectofphotographydoestheworkshopfocuson?

A.Editingtechniques.

B.Compositionandlighting.

C.Capturingthemoment.

D.Exploringoutdoorphotography.

22.Whenmightyouneedtosendanemail?

A.Toinquireabouttheworkshopcontent.

B.Uponpurchasingatickettotheworkshop.

C.Toreceiveadditionallearningmaterials.

D.Ifyouhaven'treceivedtheaccessdetails.

23.Whatbenefitisassuredforparticipants?

A.UnlimitedaccesstoZoom.

B.Freeregistrationforfutureworkshops.

C.Arecordingoftheworkshop.

D.24-hourlivebroadcastingoftheworkshop.

【答案】21.D22.D23.C

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个关于户外摄影照相班，内容包括了照相班的重点、

参加对象以及活动细节等。

6

21.细节理解题。根据第一部分第一段“Discovertheartofcapturingthebeautyofnatureinthis

exclusiveonlineworkshoporganizedbyNature'sLensMagazine.（在这个由自然镜头杂志组织

的独家在线研讨会中发现捕捉大自然之美的艺术。）”和第二段中“Renownedphotographer

JuliaReynoldswillguideparticipantsthroughtheessentialtechniquesandcreativeprocesses

involvedinoutdoorphotography.（著名摄影师JuliaReynolds将指导参与者完成户外摄影的基

本技术和创作过程。）”可知，该照相班的重点是探索户外摄影。故选D项。

22.推理判断题。根据WorkshopDetails下列条目"Uponregistration,participantswillreceive

anemailwithaccessdetails.（注册后，参与者将收到一封包含访问详细信息的电子邮件。户可

知，如果参与者没有收到访问详细信息，需要发邮件。故选D项。

23.细节理解题。根据WorkshopDetails下列条目"Participantswillreceivearecordingofthe

workshopforfuturereference.（参与者将收到研讨会的录音，以备将来参考。）”可知，参与者

可以得到照相班的录音作为保证。故选C项。

B

RichardFeynmanwasarguablythesecondbestknownphysicistafterEinstein.Butsheis

nottheonlydistinguishedscientistintheFeynmanfamily.

Bomin1927,JoanFeynmangrewupinQueens,NewYork,alongsideherolderbrother

Richard.HewouldbecomeJoan'sfirstteacherandsomeonewhohelpeddevelophercurious

nature,believinghercapableoflearningallthemathandsciencehecouldteachher.Shewould

trytosolvemathproblemsfortheuniquerewardofgettingtopullherbrother'shairandserving

ashis“labassistant“attheageoffive.Forherfourteenthbirthday,RichardgaveFeynmanacopy

ofAstronomybyRebeccaHoraceBaker,acollege-levelphysicstext,whichbothtaughtherabout

physicsandwhatwaspossible.Feynmancrediteditforprovingtoherthatwomencouldindeed

haveacareerdoingscience.

Feynmanwouldgoontoreceiveabachelor'sdegreefromOberlinCollege,beforeshe

attendedSyracuseUniversity,studyingcondensedmattertheoryandearningaPhDin1958.By

1960,Feynmanwasmarriedwithtwochildrenandshedecidedtotakeabreakfromphysicsto

takeontheroleofhomemaker.

Thebreakwasshort-lived,asFeynmangrewdepressedfromkeepingahomeandcaringfor

twosmallchildren.In1962,attheadviceofapsychologist,shewentinsearchofemployment,

securingthreejoboffersatmultipleinstitutes.AtLamont,wheresheworkedpart-time,Feynman

beganherresearchintoEarth'smagnetosphere,identifyingitsshape.

Overthecourseofhercareer,Feynmanmademanybreakthroughsinfurtheringthe

understandingofsolarwindanditsinteractionwiththeEarth'smagnetosphere.Asauthoror

co-authorofmorethan185papers,Feynman'sresearchaccomplishmentsrangefromdiscovering

theshapeoftheEarth5smagnetospheretoidentifyingtheoriginofauroras.In1974,shewould

becomethefirstwomaneverelectedasanofficeroftheAmericanGeophysicalUnion,andin

2000shewasawardedNASA'sExceptionalScientificAchievementMedal.

“JoanFeynmanleavesawealthofscientificaccomplishments,havingmadeimportant

contributions,9,saidAPSCEOKateKirby."Despitebeingdiscouragedtopursuesciencebysocial

expectations,shepersevered,andheraccomplishmentsserveasaninspirationtowomenwho

wishtopursueacareerinscience.

24.HowdidRichardinfluenceJoan?

A.Bypreparingherforsubjectsincollege.

B.Byintroducinghertotheworldofscience.

C.Byteachinghertheimportanceofastronomy.

D.Byofferingherajobservingashislabassistant.

25.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.AllwomenscientistshavebenefitedfromJoan'sinspiration.

B.InJoan'stimewomenwereencouragedtobecomescientists.

C.PursuingscientificgoalscontributedtoJoan'spsychologicalwell-being.

D.Asherfirstteacher,RicharddesignedJoan'scareerpathasanastronomer.

26.WhichbestdescribesJoanFeynmanasascientist?

A.Successfulandwealthy.B.Optimisticandhardworking.

C.Popularandambitious.D.Productiveandacknowledged.

27.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.JoanFeynman:SurvivorofDepression

B.JoanFeynman:SisterofRichardFeynman

C.JoanFeynman:TheLesser-knownFeynman

D.JoanFeynman:TheMostSuccessfulWomanScientist

【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了理查德・费曼可以说是仅次于爱因斯坦的第二著

名的物理学家。但她并不是费曼家族中唯一一位杰出的科学家。尽管社会期望阻碍了她从事

科学研究，但她坚持了下来，她的成就激励了那些希望从事科学事业的女性。

24.推理判断题。根据第二段中“HewouldbecomeJoan'sfirstteacherandsomeonewhohelped

develophercuriousnature,believinghercapableoflearningallthemathandsciencehecould

teachher.Shewouldtrytosolvemathproblemsfortheuniquerewardofgettingtopullher

brother'shairandservingashis“labassistant“attheageoffive.Forherfourteenthbirthday,

RichardgaveFeynmanacopyofAstronomybyRebeccaHoraceBaker,acollege-levelphysics

text,whichbothtaughtheraboutphysicsandwhatwaspossible.Feynmancrediteditforproving

toherthatwomencouldindeedhaveacareerdoingscience.（他将成为琼的第一位老师，并帮助

她培养好奇的天性，相信她有能力学习他所教的所有数学和科学。她会试图解决数学问题,

以获得独特的奖励：在她五岁的时候拉她哥哥的头发，做他的“实验室助理”。在费曼14岁

8

生日那天，理查德送给她一本丽贝卡・霍勒斯•贝克的《天文学》，这是一本大学水平的物理课

本，既教会了她物理知识，也教会了她什么是可能的。费曼认为，这向她证明了女性确实可

以从事科学事业）”可推知，理查德通过向琼介绍科学的世界来影响她的。故选B项。

25.推理判断题。根据第四段“Thebreakwasshort-lived,asFeynmangrewdepressedfrom

keepingahomeandcaringfortwosmallchildren.In1962,attheadviceofapsychologist,she

wentinsearchofemployment,securingthreejoboffersatmultipleinstitutes.AtLamont,where

sheworkedpart-time,FeynmanbeganherresearchintoEarth?smagnetosphere,identifyingits

shape.（这段休息很短暂，因为费曼因为照顾两个小孩而变得沮丧。1962年，在一位心理学

家的建议下，她开始寻找工作，并在多家研究所获得了三份工作。在她兼职工作的拉蒙特，

费曼开始了她对地球磁层的研究，确定了它的形状）”以及第五段中“Overthecourseofher

career,Feynmanmademanybreakthroughsinfurtheringtheunderstandingofsolarwindandits

interactionwiththeEarth飞magnetosphere.（在她的职业生涯中，费曼在进一步了解太阳风及其

与地球磁层的相互作用方面取得了许多突破）”可推知，追求科学目标有助于琼的心理健康。

故选C项。

26.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Feynmanwouldgoontoreceiveabachelor'sdegreefrom

OberlinCollege,beforesheattendedSyracuseUniversity,studyingcondensedmattertheoryand

earningaPhDin1958.（费曼随后在奥伯林学院获得学士学位，之后她进入雪城大学学习凝聚

态理论，并于1958年获得博士学位）”以及倒数第二段“Overthecourseofhercareer,Feynman

mademanybreakthroughsinfurtheringtheunderstandingofsolarwindanditsinteractionwith

theEarth'smagnetosphere.Asauthororco-authorofmorethan185papers,Feynman'sresearch

accomplishmentsrangefromdiscoveringtheshapeoftheEarth5smagnetospheretoidentifying

theoriginofauroras.In1974,shewouldbecomethefirstwomaneverelectedasanofficerofthe

AmericanGeophysicalUnion,andin2000shewasawardedNASA'sExceptionalScientific

AchievementMedal.（在她的职业生涯中,费曼在进一步了解太阳风及其与地球磁层的相互作

用方面取得了许多突破。作为185多篇论文的作者或合著者，费曼的研究成就从发现地球磁

层的形状到确定极光的起源。1974年，她成为第一位当选为美国地球物理联合会官员的女

性，2000年，她被授予美国国家航空航天局的杰出科学成就奖）”可推知，琼・费曼是一位富

有成效并得到认可的科学家。故选D项。

27.主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段"RichardFeynmanwasarguablythesecondbest

knownphysicistafterEinstein.ButheisnottheonlydistinguishedscientistintheFeynman

family.（理查德・费曼可以说是仅次于爱因斯坦的第二著名的物理学家。但他并不是费曼家族

中唯位杰出的科学家）”和最后一段“"JoanFeynmanleavesawealthofscientific

accomplishments,havingmadeimportantcontributions,saidAPSCEOKateKirby."Despite

beingdiscouragedtopursuesciencebysocialexpectations,shepersevered,andher

accomplishmentsserveasaninspirationtowomenwhowishtopursueacareerinscience.”（美国

科学院院长凯特・柯比表示：琼・费曼留下了丰富的科学成就，做出了重要贡献。”“尽管社会

期望阻碍了她从事科学研究，但她坚持了下来，她的成就激励了那些希望从事科学事业的女

性J）”可知，文章主要讲的是理查德・费曼可以说是仅次于爱因斯坦的第二著名的物理学家。

但她并不是费曼家族中唯一一位杰出的科学家。尽管社会期望阻碍了她从事科学研究，但她

坚持了下来，她的成就激励了那些希望从事科学事业的女性。由此可知，文章最好的标题是

“琼・费曼：鲜为人知的费曼”。故选c项。

C

In1999,DavidDunningandJustinKrugerdidaseriesofstudiesevaluatingpeople's

competenceincertainareas,includinggrammar,humorandlogic.Thepeopleinthestudieswere

askedtoevaluatetheirownabilitiesineacharea.DunningandKrugerfoundthatpeoplewho

scoredlowonthetestshavethetendencytooverestimatetheirabilities,indicatingthatpeople

wholackskillstendtolacktheabilitytorealizetheirshortcomings.

ThisprinciplehasbecomeknownastheDunning-Krugereffect.Itoccursbecauseonly

whenpeoplehaveskillsinagivenareaaretheyequippedtoevaluatetheirownskills.Admittedly,

mostpeopleareoverconfidentintheirabilities.Theywanttobelievethattheyaremorecapable,

knowledgeableandevensuperiortoothers,andwhensomeonereallywantssomethingtobetrue,

itcanbehardforthemtoadmitthatitisn't.Bytheway,theoppositeoftheDunning-Krugereffect

alsohappens:capablepeoplehaveamoreaccurateviewoftheirownabilities,andsometimesthey

evenunderestimatethemselves.

Ifstempting（吸弓|人的）tothinkoftheDunning-Krugereffectasaproblem.Peoplemay

evenlaughatthosewhothinkthemselvesmorecompetentthantheytrulyare,buteveryonehas

areaswheretheylackcompetence,andtheDunning-Krugereffectmeanstheymayberelatively

badatself-evaluationinthoseareas.Evenifsomeoneisveryintelligentingeneral,therearestill

thingstheydon'tknowmuchabout.Expertiseinoneareacannotalwaysbetransferredtoother

areas.

Thafswhyit'simportanttokeepdiggingforinformationevenwhenyouthinkyou've

foundanswers.Itcanalsobehelpfultocheckyourideaswithotherpeople.Receivingnegative

feedbackcanhurt,butifyou'rewillingtolisten,itcanhelpyougrow.Evenjustkeepinginmind

thattheDunning-Krugereffectexistscanhelpyoustaymodest,acceptcriticismand,thus,keep

learningthroughoutyourlife.

28.WhatdidDunningandKrugerfindintheirresearch?

A.Unskilledpeopletendtothinktoomuchofthemselves.

B.Skilledpeopleareusuallymorehumorousandlogical.

C.Self-evaluationmakespeoplemorelogicalinsomeareas.

D.Knowledgeablepeoplesometimesthinktheyaresuperiortoothers.

29.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheDunning-Krugereffect?

A.Complicated.B.Problematic.C.Universal.D.Dismissive.

10

30.WhatcanwedotoavoidtheDunning-Krugereffectaccordingtothetext?

A.Evaluateyourselfonaregularbasis.B.Remainhumbleandeagerforknowledge.

C.Beyourselfandignorenegativefeedback,D.Makefriendswithintelligent

individuals.

31.Whereisthistextprobablyfrom?

A.Abiologytextbook.B.Abookreview.

C.Afeaturereport.D.A.psychologyjournal.

【答案】28.A29.C30.B31.D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了达宁-克鲁格效应，这个效应表明，技能不足的人倾向

于高估自己的能力，而技能高的人则能更准确地评估自己。为避免此效应，应保持谦逊，积

极求知，并乐于接受批评。

28.细节理解题。根据第——段“DunningandKrugerfoundthatpeoplewhoscoredlowonthetests

havethetendencytooverestimatetheirabilities,indicatingthatpeoplewholackskillstendtolack

theabilitytorealizetheirshortcomings.（达宁和克鲁格发现，在测试中得分低的人倾向于高估

他们的能力，这表明缺乏技能的人往往缺乏意识到自己缺点的能力。广可知，选项A与原文

描述相符，说明了研究中发现的低技能个体的自我评估过高倾向。故选A项。

29.推理判断题。根据第三段"It'stempting（吸引人的）tothinkoftheDunning-Kruger

effectasaproblem.Peoplemayevenlaughatthosewhothinkthemselvesmorecompetentthan

theytrulyare,buteveryonehasareaswheretheylackcompetence,andtheDunning-Krugereffect

meanstheymayberelativelybadatself-evaluationinthoseareas.Evenifsomeoneisvery

intelligentingeneral,therearestillthingstheydon'tknowmuchabout.Expertiseinonearea

cannotalwaysbetransferredtootherareas.（人们可能会认为达宁-克鲁格效应是一个问题。人们

甚至会嘲笑那些认为自己比实际情况更有能力的人，但每个人都有自己缺乏能力的领域，而

邓宁-克鲁格效应意味着他们在这些领域的自我评估可能相对较差。即使一个人总体上很聪

明，也有一些事情是他们不知道的。一个领域的专业知识不能总是转移到其他领域。）”可知，

作者通过提到人们可能会嘲笑那些自视过高的人，以及每个人都可能在某些领域缺乏能力，

暗示了达宁-克鲁格效应是一个普遍存在的问题，故选C项。

30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“EvenjustkeepinginmindthattheDunning-Krugereffectexists

canhelpyoustaymodest,acceptcriticismand,thus,keeplearningthroughoutyourlife.（哪怕仅

仅记住达宁-克鲁格效应的存在也可以帮助您保持谦逊，接受批评，从而在一生中不断学习）”

可知，避免达宁-克鲁格效应的方法是保持谦逊和对知识的渴望，选项B（保持谦逊，积极

求知）符合题意，故选B项。

31.推理判断题。根据第一段“DunningandKrugerfoundthatpeoplewhoscoredlowonthetests

havethetendencytooverestimatetheirabilities（达宁和克鲁格发现,在测试中得分低的人倾向

于高估他们的能力）”以及全文可知，本文讨论的主题是心理学效应，并且没有提到生物学、

书籍评论或特色报道的内容，可以推断这篇文章最有可能来自心理学期刊，故选D项。

D

Thecolorfulanemonefish（海葵鱼），alsoknownasclownfish,possessesacheerfuland

carefreeimageamonghumans.However,theiractualbehaviormightnotalwaysalignwiththe

family-friendlyportrayalseeninaPixarfilm.Theycanaggressivelydefendtheirterritoryagainst

otheranemonefishtheyperceiveasthreats.

Toinvestigatehowthesefishidentifygroupmembers,ateamfromJapanconductedtwo

experimentswithlab-raisedcommonclownfishthathadneverencounteredanyotherspecies.

Inthefirstexperiment,researchersintroduceddifferentspeciesofanemonefish,

distinguishablebythenumberofwhitebarsontheirbodies,intoatankinsmallcases.They

observedthatthecommonclownfishwereparticularlyhostiletowardmembersoftheirown

speciesthatdisplayedthreewhitebars.Thesefishfought80percentoftheirspecific-targetedfish

foruptothreeseconds.Incontrast,invadersfromotherspecies,liketheorangeskunkclownfish

withnosidebarsandawhitelinealongitsback,werebarelyattacked.Thetwo-barredClarke?s

clownfishandthree-barredsaddlebackclownfishwere“mildlybullied”,accordingtotheteam.

Duringthesecondexperiment,theresearchersexposedacolonyofclownfishtovarious

plasticdiscs.Thediscswerepaintedwithanemonefishcolorationandmeasuredthelevelof

aggressiontowardstheseartificialmodels.Similartoreactionstolivefish,modelswithtwobars

werelessfrequentlyattacked,andthosewithoutanybarssawtheleastaggression.Accordingto

studyco-authorandecologistKinaHayashi,thefindings“suggestthatclownfishiscapableof

countingthenumberofba