暑假作业08重点语法动词不定式和动名词(单句语法填空语篇语法填空)(原卷版)

暑假作业08动词不定式和动名词(单句语法填空+语篇语法填空)考点一：动词不定式(一)动词不定式的时态和语态 语态时态主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone(二)动词不定式的基本用法1.作主语(1)动词不定式作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数。注意：很多情况下，作主语的动词不定式都可以用动名词替代，但表示某些具体情况，或表示较强烈的对比，或在某些固定说法中时，通常不用动名词替代。Toknoweverythingistoknownothing.样样皆通，样样稀松。(2)若不定式太长，则往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，不定式移至谓语之后，以使句子结构平衡。其常见句型有以下4种：It+be+形容词+(for/ofsb.)todosth.It+be+名词+todosth.Ittakes(sb.)sometimetodosth.Itmadesb.+adj.+todosth.Itisagreathonourtohearyouspeaksohighlyofme.听到你这么夸奖是我莫大的荣幸。注意：若说明不定式动作对于执行者的影响，常在不定式前加forsb.。但是以形容词作表语来说明主语的行为品质时(如kind，goodnice，wise，clever，silly，wrongright,foolish,stupid,careless,considerate,rude,naughty,polite,agreeable等)，不定式前加ofsb.ItwaskindofHarrytogiveuphisseatinthebustotheoldwoman.哈里真善良，在公共汽车上把座位让给了那位老太太。Linda’sbirthdaypartyistobeheldnextFriday.琳达的生日聚会将于下星期五举行。(表示将来发生的被动动作)2.作宾语(1)在afford，agree，arrange，choose，claim，desire，expect，fail，hope，intend，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，wish，determine等动词后常接动词不定式作宾语。Tomygreatdisappointment，herefusedtoacceptmyinvitation.令我大失所望的是，他拒绝接受我的邀请。Thenovelistdecidedtobreakwiththerigidrulesandadvocateinnovation.这位小说家决定打破陈规，提倡创新。(2)可用于“动词+it+形容词／名词+todosth.”结构中的动词有feel,find,make,think,believe,consider等。(3)以动词不定式作宾语的形容词有happy，glad，pleased，sure，ready，anxious，eager，free，afraid，willing等。(4)有些介词后也可以不定式作宾语，如介词but，about，except，save等。3.作表语(1)动词不定式作表语，可以说明主语的具体内容，还可以表示目的、结果、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿等，其主语通常为task，aim，purpose，wish，dream，duty，plan，hope，job，problem等名词，或是what引导的名词性从句。不定式作表语时，主语和表语有时可以交换位置，其意思不变。Theimportantthinginlifeistohaveagreataim,andthedeterminationtoattainit.人生重要的事是有一个伟大的目标，以及实现它的决心。WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.我建议马上开始工作。(2)动词不定式作表语省略to的情况动词不定式作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但当主语部分含有从句且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式符号to可以省略。Allweneedtodois(to)liveeachdaywithpassion.我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。4.作定语动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事Ihavesomethingunusualtodobeforegoingback.回去之前我有些不寻常的事要做。Hisfirstbooktobepublishednextmonthisbasedonatruestory.他的第一本书将于下月出版，这本书是根据一个真实故事写成的。【拓展延伸】(1)不定式与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，不定式后接的若是不及物动词，在动词后加上合适的介词。(2)数词和最高级后常接不定式，如thefirst，thesecond，thelast，thebest等。(3)有些名词后常接不定式，如time，way，right，chance，reason等。5.作状语(1)动词不定式作状语可以表示目的或者出乎意料的结果，表示结果时，不定式前常加only。Todigupmoreclues，hecollectedandstudiedalotofinformation.为了挖掘更多的线索，他收集和研究了大量的信息。Hehurriedtothetrainstation，onlytofindthetrainhadleft.他匆忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。(2)不定式作原因状语，常用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。I’mdisappointedtohearyoulackthepatience.听到你缺乏耐心我很失望。6.作宾语补足语1.在expect，forbid，force，order，permit，request，warn，invite等动词后，常接“名词/代词＋动词不定式”结构，动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：Wecanalwaysexpecthimtohelpuswheneverweareintrouble.每当我们遇到困难的时候，我们总是可以指望他帮助我们。Isincerelyinviteyoutoparticipateintheactivitytobeheldbyourschool.我真诚地邀请你参加我们学校举办的活动。2.在see，hear，notice，watch，feel等动词后，可以接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作的整个过程。Isawhimcrossthestreetandenterashop.我看见他穿过马路然后进了一家商店。[温馨提示]“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。Thethiefwasobservedtoenterthebank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。考点二：动名词动名词也属于非谓语动词，它具有名词和动词的特点，它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。此外，它也有时态和语态的变化，还有复合结构的用法。(一)、动名词的时态和语态语态形式主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定式：not+动名词(二)动名词的基本用法1.作主语(1)动词ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数形式，其被动形式为beingdone。常放到句首。Readingaloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.不给予足够的赞扬和给予太多(赞扬)一样有害。Beingpraisedbyhisteachersmadehimregainhisconfidence.被老师表扬使他重获自信。意义不同的两个动词ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。Paintingandcollectingstampsarehishobbies.画画和收集邮票是他的爱好。(2)形式主语it代替v.ing形式作主语。此类句式常见的有：It’sawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪费时间的。It’suseless/worthwhiledoingsth.做某事是没用/值得的。It’snogood/use/fundoingsth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思。Itisnousewaitingforotherpeopletomakedecisionsforyou.等待别人为你做决定是没有用的。Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchastubbornpersontojoinus.劝说如此固执的一个人加入我们是浪费时间。Justasthesayinggoes，itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.俗话说：覆水难收。(3)动词ing形式的复合结构作主语时的两种形式：①形容词性物主代词＋动词ing形式；②名词(有生命的名词)’s＋动词ing形式。Theirfailingintheexaminationmadethemallverydisappointed.考试失败使他们都很失望。Mary’singhereintimemadeeveryonepresenthappy.玛丽的及时到来让在场的每一个人都很高兴。2.作宾语(1)常接动词ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)appreciate(欣赏)，consider(考虑)，delay(推迟)，avoid(避免)，finish(完成)，imagine(想象)，miss(错过)，mean(意味着)，resist(抗拒)，risk(冒险)，suggest(建议)，mind(介意)，escape(避开)，admit(承认)，allow(允许)，giveup(放弃)，insiston(坚决要求)，feellike(想要)，beusedto(习惯于)，leadto(导致)，lookforwardto(期待，盼望)等。Hegotwellpreparedfortheinterview，forhecouldn’trisklosingthegoodopportunity.他为这次面试做好了准备，因为他不能冒险失去这一良机。Doyoumindpassingmethatdictionary?你把那本词典递给我好吗？Ihavebeenlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.我一直盼望着收到你的来信。Shecan’tstandbeinglookeddownuponinpublic.(被动形式beingdone也可作宾语)她忍受不了当众被人看不起。2.作介词的宾语动词ing形式位于介词之后，构成介词短语，在句中作定语或状语。Thesemeasureshavecreatedconditionsforraisingtheoutputofsteel.这些措施为提高钢的产量创造了条件。Oneneverlosesbydoingagoodturn.[谚]行善者绝无一失。Afterlookingathiswatch，hehurriedtothestation.看了看表后，他匆忙赶往车站。Hewouldneverthinkofgivingupthisproject.他决不会考虑放弃这个项目。【归纳拓展】在以下结构中，动词ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略spend...(in)doingsth花费……做某事havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth做……有困难/麻烦stop/prevent...(from)doingsth阻止……做某事wastetime(in)doingsth浪费时间做某事bebusy(in)doingsth忙于做某事haveagood/hardtime(in)doingsth高兴做某事/费力做某事Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth做某事毫无意义。Heisalwaysbusyworkingeveryday，whichhasmadehimhavelittletimetoplaywithhischild.他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。Nowthatwehavefinishedourwork，thereisnopointstayinganylonger.既然我们已经完成了工作，再待下去就没有意义了。3.动词ing形式的复合结构作宾语作宾语的动词ing形式的复合结构的肯定形式为：eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(名词/名词的所有格,代词宾格/形容词性物主代词))＋动词ing形式Wouldyoumindmy/meclosingthewindow?你介意我关上窗户吗？WouldyoumindMary’s/Maryclosingthewindow?你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？疑难指津动词ing形式的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词/名词的所有格＋notdoing...。考点三、不定式和动名词的区别A.从含义上，不定式：具体某一次的动作；动名词：抽象的一般行为、习惯Iloveswimming,butIdon'tlovetoswiminthisdirtyriver.注意：平衡原则：当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式。Toliveistostruggle.Seeingisbelieving.B.作主语时：动名词：表抽象和经验不定式：表具体动作Smokingisprohibitedhere.(抽象)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.(具体)Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.(具体)C.有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：动词宾语的形式意义forgettodo忘记做……doing忘记做过……remembertodo记着要去做……doing记得做过……regrettodo遗憾/抱歉要做……doing后悔做了……trytodo尽力做……doing尝试做……meantodo打算做……doing意味着……goontodo接着做(另外一件事)doing接着做(同一件事)stoptodo停下来去做……doing停止做……Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.请记着代我向你的家人问好。Istillremembervisitingthemuseumforthefirsttime.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。D.下列动词可接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedoneThebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这辆自行车需要修理。单句语法填空1.Theplaytobeproducednextmonthaimsmainly________(promote)thelocalculture.2.Atfirst,Ryan’splanwastoearnmoney________(build)asinglewellsomewhereinAfrica.3.Thewell­designedgalleryhouses2,000worksofmodernartandisworthy________(visit).4.Thefestivalsis________(hold)nextFriday.5.HehasbeethefirstAmericanscientist________(award)aNobelprize.6.Thetunesareeasy________(sing),andthelyricsoftenleaveyoudeepinthought.7.Shehasastrongdesire________(catch)uponherreadingduringtheholidays.8.Ireallydon’tknowwho________(ask)forhelpinthiscity.9.Werushedtotheairportonly________(tell)thattheplanehadjusttakenoff.10.Shedoesn’tlike________(label)asanincapablewoman.11.Ican’tgotothecinemaontimewithallthesedishes________(wash).12.Recently,AndyhasflownbacktoBeijing________(promote)hernewalbum.13.Theyarrivedattheairport,only________(find)theflighthadbeencanceledduetothesnowstorm.14.Itisessentialforthefigures________(update)onaregularbasis,whichisimportantforourresearch.15.Allwehavetodoforourstudentsis________(aid)theminlearningEnglishwithaparativemethod.16.30%ofAmericanteenagersadmit________(lie)abouttheiragetogainsuccesstosomewebsites.17.Inordertoescape________(catch),thethiefhidhimselfamongthetrees.18.Mary,whoisdisabled,isstronglyopposedto________(treat)unfairlybyothers.19.Onhearingthejokewecouldn’thelp________(laugh).20.Withthe________(raise)ofstandardsofthisschool,moreandmoreparentsaretryingtheirbesttosendtheirchildrentostudyhere.21.Thisincludeskeepingtheoriginalenvironmentfrom________(touch).22.Mykidspendshours________(chat)onthephonewithherfriendseveryday.23.Noonecanavoid________(influence)byadvertisements.24.Thebestapproachto________(build)upyourbodyistodoexerciseeveryday.25.________(surround)yourselfwithpositiveandadmirablepeoplewillresultinyouadoptingpositivevalues.26.Asaman,youshouldhavethecouragetoadmit________(make)mistakes.27.Youcan’tavoid

________(make)mistakesinlanguagelearning.28.Everyworkerlooksforwardto________(have)agoodbosswhoiskindtothem.29.Withthelocalsexplainingthecustomsindetail,wehadnodifficulty________(figure)outthehiddenspiritofthefestival.30.________(nod)theheadmeanssaying“yes”inChina.31.Nowadays________(掌握)aforeignlanguageisnecessary.32.Heclaimsthat________(quit)smokingistheeasiestthingintheworld,forhehasdoneithundredsoftimes.33.AfteratwodaystayinKashgar,thegroupwillmotorcyclethroughseveralotherChineseprovincesbeforefinally________(arrive)inLaos.34.Theactivitiesincludedragonboatracesand________(eat)ricedumplings.35.Mary,afamousactress,spendstwohourseveryday________(work)outtokeepslim.36.Tomisseriouslyconsidering________(quit)hiscurrentjobandusingallhissavingstotravelaroundtheworld.37.Afterbriefly________(refer)tohisnotes,hegaveusavividdescriptionofhisexperience.38.Theyhavebeenworkingtopreventtheenvironmentherefrom________(destroy).39.________moneyonhimselfmeansverylittletoYuanLongping.(spend)40.IarrivedatMrLi’soffice,only________(find)itwaslocked.41.Onthisday,themoonissaid________(be)itsbiggestandbrightest.42.ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredwhatheviewedasIndiaontheepicvoyage,only________(inform)thatwhathediscoveredwasanewland.43.Thespacecraftbrokedownsuddenlyonly________(stop)theongoingmission.44.________(have)achancetoexperiencethis,youcanstopbyavillagepubandrelaxwithalocalbeer.45.Hepromisedthathewoulddowhateverhecould________(help)me,buthedidn’t.46.Theproblem________(refer)toatthemeetingtomorrowisaboutenvironmentalpollution.47.JingHaipeng,whobecamethefirsttaikonaut________(go)intospaceforafourthtimewiththismission,servedasthemanderandspacecraftpilot.48.Hestoodupindefenceoftheoldlady,sayingshewasnottheone________(blame).49.Thehouse________(build)theresoonwillbealibraryfortheworkers.50.Shehasbeethefirstfemalephysicistofhercountry________(receive)thePrize.语篇语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Passage1Theanimatedmovie“Chang'an”wasarealhitlastsummer.Itisnamed1theancientcityofXi’aninShaanxiprovince,whichservedasthecapitaloftheTangDynastyforover280years.It2(bring)tolifesomeofthemostrepresentativefiguresinChineseliteraryhistory.ThestorybetweenGaoShiandLiBaioffersaglimpseintothepoetryoftheTangDynasty,3isoftenseenasagoldenageinChinesehistorydueto4(it)economicandculturaladvancement.Astheuniquecharmandsoulofthemovie,48Tangpoemshelpaudiencetravelfromthe5(sand)desertfrontiertothemistfilledregionssouthoftheYangtzeRiver.Themovieisundoubtedlyamasterpieceshowingthe

6(characteristic)ofChineseculturetotheworld.Inorderto7(accurate)conveythecharmofTangpoetryandbettertranslatetheculturalcontextsetinthedialogue,theproductionteaminvitedLindaJaivin8(assist)withthetranslationprocess.LindaJaivinis9Australiansinologist(汉学家)andshehastranslatedmanyfamousChinesefilms.DespiteheralreadyrichknowledgeofChineseculture,shefoundsomepoetrylinesandplacenamestobequitechallenging,10(require)carefulandrepeatedconsideration.Passage2DuringChineseNewYear,aballoonloong(theChinesepronunciationofdragon)11(measure)over40metersinlengthglidedthroughashoppingmallinHongKong.The40meterlongloong,12wasmadeupof38,000balloons,broketheGuinnessWorldRecordasthe13(large)balloonloong.BalloonartistWilsonPang,withoveradecadeofrichexperience,realizedhisdream14(create)aloongshapedballoon.Panggathereda60memberteam,includingstudents,tocreatethemagnificentartwork.TheloongprojectbeganonJan20,15theteamworkingroundtheclocktofinallypletea41.77meterballoonloongwithoutskeletonsupport.The16(exhibit)oftheloongdrewlargecrowdsofpeople.Tothanktheaudiencefortheirsupport,Pangprinted5,000postcardsfeaturingtheloongand17(arrange)ameetingwiththematthemall.“Todeliver18warm,loving,positivemessagetothepeopleofHongKongiswhatIalwayswanttodo,”Pangsays.Twothirdsofthemembersoftheteamwhoproducedtheloongwerestudents.Pangbelievesthat19isimportanttogiveyoungpeopleopportunities,sohe20(special)invitedcollegeandhighschoolstudentstoparticipateintheproject.Passage3Hecouldstillrememberthedaywhenhefirstmether.Itwasabrightmorning21(fill)withthesweetsmellofflowersintheair.While22(walk)alongthepath,hesawagirlsittingunderatree,readingabook.Herlonghairflowinginthebreeze,sheseemedlikeanangel.Thebookshewasreading,23classic,caughthisattention.Hereallyhadastrongdesire24(talk)toher,buthedidn’thavethecourage.Finally,aftergatheringupallhis25(brave),hewalkedtowardsher.“Excuseme,butcanIjoinyou?”heasked.Shelookedup,andherbigeyes,26werelikeshiningstars,methis.Asmileappearedonherface.“27(sound)great!”shereplied.Forthenextfewhourstheytalkedandlaughedabouteverything,sharingtheirstoriesanddreams28particular.Hethoughtthatmaybethiswasthebeginningofsomethingwonderful,somethinghehadbeenwaitingforallalong.29hedidn’tknowthatthismoment30(bee)amemoryhewouldholddearfortherestofhislife.－Adaptedfrom“WutheringHeights”Passage4Stayinguplatemayworkwellforbusinessprofessionalsor31(lawyer),butanewstudysuggestsitcanbeharmfulforstudents.Highschoolstudents32stayuplateseetheirtestscoresfallbehindtheirmorewellrestedclassmates.Thestudy,33(perform)byresearchersatUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,examinedsurveydatafromover2,700volunteers,whoseagesrangedfromthirteen

34seventeenintheUnitedStates.Thirtypercentofthemadmittedtobedtimespast11:30pmduringtheschoolyear.Followingthedata,thesenightowls(夜猫子)35(see)theirgradesslipwhenparedtootherstudents.Additionally,theseteenswhodidn’tgetenoughsleepalsoreporteda36(high)rateofemotionalproblems.Thesilverliningisthatthestudyshows37easysolutiontosometeens’problems:getmoresleep.Teensf