江苏省启东市高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题（原卷版）

2023～2024学年(上)高二期末质量监测英语注意事项考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求：1．本试卷共10页，包含听力(共30分)、阅读(共50分)、语言运用(共30分)、写作(共40分)四部分。本次考试满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。2．答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、考试号等用黑色0.5毫米签字笔填写在答题卡上。3．作答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题卡上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whichpartofthehousehasbeenrepaired?A．Thewalls.B．Theroof.C．Thedoors.2．What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Classmates.B．Teacherandstudent.C．Librarianandstudent.3．Whattimeisit?A．9:10.B．9:00.C．8:50.4．Whatproblemdoesthewomanhave?AShecan’treadmessages.BShecan’tfallasleepatnight.C．Sheisaddictedtoherphone.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Theirage.B．Theman’shairstyle.C．Thewoman’scolleagues.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Atschool.B．Atashop.C．Athome.7．Whatwilltheboydonext?A．Checkhisbike.B．Buyapen.C．Reviewhisnotes.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Whyisthemansurprisedbythemeal?A．Itwasveryhot.B．Ittastedverygood.C．Itwasveryexpensive.9．HowmanytimeshasthewomanbeentoItaly?A．One.B．Two.C．Six.10．Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A．BooktraveltoItaly.B．Gotoabarforadrink.C．GotoanItalianrestaurant.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Wherearethespeakersgoingnow?A．Toahotel.B．Toapark.C．Toamuseum.12．Whatdoweknowaboutthespeakers?A．Theyarelocals.B．Theyaretourists.C．Theyareonabusinesstrip.13．Howdoesthewomanfeel?A．Tired.B．Upset.C．Hungry.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14．Whywasthenewpieceoffurnituresocheap?A．Itwasverydirty.B．Allthelegswereweak.C．Thebackhadasmallproblem.15．Whatcoloristheoldsofa?A．GreenB．White.C．Yellow.16．Whatdoesthemansayaboutthewoman?A．Sheoftenmakesthingsdirty.B．Shedislikesthecolorwhite.C．Shealwaysfindscheapgoods.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．Whatisthepurposeoftheexperiment?A．Tostopdiseasesspreading.B．Tokillthemalemosquitoes.C．Tointroduceanewmosquito.18．Whatweretheenvironmentalgroupsworriedabout?A．Toomanymosquitoeswilldie.B．Mosquitoesmayresistchemicals.C．Malemosquitoeswillbitehumans.19．Whatisknownaboutmosquitoes?A．Onlyfemalesspreaddisease.B．Themalesneedhumanblood.C．Thefemalesfeedonlyonplants.20．Whatcouldbenefitmostiftheexperimentissuccessful?A．Theenvironment.B．Theeconomy.C．Humanhealth.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIfyou’researchingforavacationspotthathitsbothyourfixforcitylifeandaccesstonature,Seattleistheperfectplacetovisit.LocatedinWashington,it’shometosomeofthemostbeautifulnaturallandscapesinthecountry.SpaceNeedleYou’llgettheopportunitytoclimbtoafewlevelsoftheobservationtowerandadmiretheimpressiveviewsoftheMississippiRiverandthemountains.You’llalsobeabletovisittheLoupeLoungetoenjoyacirclingglassfloorexperienceandseatonaSkyriser—anangledglassbenchontheopenairobservationdeck.UndergroundHistoryTourThisonehour,smallgrouptourwilltakeyouintothefascinatingworldbeneathSeattle’sstreets.You’lltravelalongtheundergroundpathwaysconstructedoveracenturyagoandlearndetailsaboutSeattle’searlyhistoryfromyourknowledgeableguide.You’llhearstoriesoftheKlondikeGoldRush,SkidRowandthearea’soriginalinhabitants(居民).SeattleHarborCruiseOnthisguidedcruise,you’llgetachancetoadmirethesweepingviewsoftheOlympicMountainsandlearnmoreaboutthehistoryofthecity.You’llheadtoPugetSoundtoseeavarietyofwildlifeintheinlandbodyofwater.Thecruiseeswithafullservicebaraboardwhereyoucanpurchasecocktails,localwine,beer,snacksandmuchmorewhilerelaxingonthetour.MuseumofFlightYoucanexplorethefascinatingexhibitsoftheMuseumofFlight.Inside,you’llfind175aircraftandspacecraft,thousandsofartefactsandrarephotographs.You’lllearnaboutthehistoryofflightfromhumblebeginningstothefighterplanesofWorldWarIandII.YoucanevenstepaboardaBoeingplanandviewaspaceshuttleintheAviationPavilion.1.Whichplacewillhelpyoulearnaboutspaceadventure?A.SpaceNeedle. B.UndergroundHistoryTour.C.MuseumofFlight. D.SeattleHarborCruise.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoonSeattleHarborCruise?A.OverlookfromtheOlympicMountains. B.Enjoyvariouskindsoffoodanddrink.C.Seeavarietyofwildlifeindeepoceans. D.AdmiresplendidviewsoftheMississippi.3.Whatcanyougetinallthefourtouristspots?A.Mentalrelaxation. B.Historicalknowledge. C.Afreeguide. D.Aflyingexperience.BForCruz,whogrewupinPeru’smountainousregionofCuzco,fogrepresentsamassiveopportunity.Asaboy,hehadtohikeformorethananhoureverydayacrossroughhillstocollectwaterfromthenearestsource.Butovertime,herealizedthatduringtherainyseason,dropsofwaterwouldgatherinthelargeleavesofbananatrees.Oneday,heandhisfatherbuiltacanalsystemwiththeleavestocollectwater.HemovedtoLimaattheageof25.Shockedbythewatershortagesandexpensivewatersupplythatsomeofthecity’spoorestresidentsweresuffering,CruzsetupEIMovimientoPeruanossinAguain2005.Theideawastodeploythemethodhelearnedinhishometownonalarger,betteradaptedscale,whichwouldprovidefree,independentlysourcedandeasilyaccessiblewatertothosewhoneededitmost.Hebeganinstalling(安装)atraditionalfogcatchermodeldevelopedinthe1980s.Thenonprofitprovidedthematerialsforfree,andthemunitybuilttheinfrastructure(基础设施)themselves.AtthehighestpointofLosTresMiradores,thereisacurioussetoflargestructuresthatislikeafleetofshipsinthesky.Theyaresocalled“fogcatchers”.The40fogcatchersthereprovideenoughwaterfor180families,whethertobathe,clean,drink(afterbeingfilteredathome)ortoirrigatecropsonsmallgardenpatches.Supportersbelievethatfogcatchershavethepotentialtoimprovewatersupplyformunitiesaroundtheworldamideverchallengingconditions.GermanresearcherLummerichsays,“Theyarecheap,easytoconstruct.Inaworldsearchingforwatersupplysystems,itisoneimportantapproachthatcanmakeanessentialdifferencelocally.Itcouldmakethedifferencebetweenhavingwaterandnothavingwateravailable.”Therearesomeissues,however.Forone,fogcatchersrequirespace,whichisnotalwayseasytoebyincities.Atthesametime,fogcatchersmustbeproperlycleanedandmaintainedtostayeffective.Mostcrucially,appropriateclimateconditionsarerequired.Fogisn’teverywhere.4.WhydidCruzsetupEIMovimientoPeruanossinAguain2005?A.Toraisemoneyforthepoorestresidents. B.Toconstructtheinfrastructureforthecity.C.Tobuildacanalsystemforhishometown. D.Toofferwatertopeoplewhoneeditbadly.5Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deploy”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Employ. B.Abandon. C.Design. D.Explore.6Whatistheproblemwithfogcatchersinurbanareas?A.Highexpenses. B.Publicopposition. C.Technicalfaults. D.Spacelimitation.7.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Apracticalapplicationoffogcatchersincities B.ThedevelopmentofaclimateorganizationC.Acreativemethodofimprovingwatersupply D.TheimportanceofinfrastructureconstructionCHowofteninyourbusylifewhenfacedwithanissueoraproblemdoyouconsidersubtraction(减法)?Everyday,withbigandsmallchallenges,weignoreabasicwaytomakethingsbetter.Wearegreatataddingtoour“todos”,butwedon’tconsider“stopdoings”.Wecollectnewandimprovedideas,butdon’tdeletetheoutdatedones.Doyourresolutionsmoreoftenstartwith“Ishoulddomoreof…”thanwith“Ishoulddolessof…”?Doyouaddnewrulesinyourhouseholdorworkplacemoreoftenthanyoutakerulesaway?Inourstrivingtoimproveourlives,ourworkandoursociety,weoverwhelminglyadd.LeidyKlotz’sLegobridgetest,withtwosupporttowersofdifferingheights,foundthatalmosteveryoneaddedaLegobricktotheshortertower,ratherthanremovingabrickfromthelongertower.Thevalidsubtractionsolutionproducedastrongeroute.Whydoweignoretheoptiontosubtractfromwhatisalreadythere?Whydowefailtousesubtractionasawaytochangethings?Firstly,behaviouralsciencesuggeststhatourbrainsarewiredtoignoresubtraction.Initialstudiesshowthatourmentalshortcutshaveapreferenceforaddingwhensolvingproblem.Wearetrickedbyourmindset.Further,wehaveatendencytothinkadditionorsubtraction;however,theycanbeplementary(互补的)waystomakechanges.Soweignoresubtractionbecauseitisoftenhardertothinkof.Moreover,evenwhenwedomanagetothinkofit,subtractingcanbehardertoperform.Inchemistry,valency(化合价)referstoanelementalforcethatisnotnecessarilyvisiblebuthelpsexplaintheelements’behaviour.Psychologicalvalencyistheinnerattractivenessorstrongdislikeofsomething.Thereisanegativevalencyaroundsubtracting.Eventhewordsubtractionhasanegativevalency.Subtractionistheactofgettingtolessbutitisnotthesameasdoingless.Gettingtolessoftenmeansdoing,oratleastthinking,more.InyourpursuitofsuccessandhappinessIencourageyoutooverethetendencytoignoresubtraction.Subtractingcanbedelightful!8.Whatdopeopleusuallydowhenfacedwithproblemsinlife?A.Adoptsubtraction. B.Stopdoingthings.C.Addnewrules. D.Abandonoutdatedideas.9.Howdidtheauthorprovehisviewpoint?A.Byparingexamples. B.Byconductingasurvey.C.Byanalyzingstatistics. D.Bycitingatypicaltest.10.Whatcausespeopletoignoretheoptionofsubtraction?A.Initialfixedmindset. B.Resistancetochange.C.Flexiblementaldesire. D.Expectationforsuccess.11.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.Statepossiblereasons. B.Offervaluableadvice.C.Givesomewarnings. D.Provideusefulproof.DUnderwatertravelisdifficultanddangerous,butmanypeoplehavereasonstostaydeepundertheocean.Soldiersinsubmarinestravellongdistancesunderwater.panieslookingforoilandotherresourcesstayunderwater,too.Humanshaveeupwithafewdesignsofvehiclestomovearoundundertheocean.Butwhatiftherewasabetterwaytotravel?HilaryBartSmith,anengineerattheUniversityofVirginia,thinksavehiclethattravelslikeamantaraywouldbeabletooperateforlongperiodsatseaasifitwerealivingorganism.Mantarays,atypeofcartilaginous(软骨的)fish,cangrowupto29feetlong,whicharefoundthroughouttheworldintropical,subtropical,andtemperatewaters.Mantaraysaresomeofthemostefficientswimmersintheocean.Differentfromanimalsandpeoplepushingagainstwaterinordertoswim,themantarayswimsbymovingthroughthewaterwithwinglikemovementsoftheirfins(鳍).Efficiencymeansusinglessenergytomovefartherandcausinglesspollution.BartSmithandotherengineersattheUniversityofVirginiahadtofindoutwhatmantarayslookedlikeontheinsidetobetterunderstandhowtheymove.Theytookxraystofindouthowamantaray’sfinsarebuilt.Theyfoundthatawebofcartilage,whichisthesamekindofmaterialthatyourearsandnosearemadefrom,stretchesacrosseachfin.Oncetheengineersknewhowamantaray’sfinwasconstructed,theycouldbuildoneoftheirown.Theymadealongrowofmetalstrutswithmanyhingestoimitatethemantaray’swebofcartilage,actinglikeyourfinger,whichcanbendasonelongline,orbendinmanyplacestomakeacurve.Theengineersputtheirdesigninsideaflexiblecover,shapedlikeamantaray’sfin.Thentheytesteditintheuniversityswimmingpool.Theywerehappytoseethatitswamjustlikeamantarayintheocean.Engineersandscientistsarestilllearningandexperimentingwithhowtoimitatetheseamazinganimals.Perhapssomedayengineerswillbeabletobuildmantarayrobotsthatarebigenoughtotransportpeople.Fornow,engineersstudytheirmovementandlearnfromthemostefficientswimmersintheocean.12Whydoestheauthorraiseaquestioninthefirstparagraph?A.Toleadtothemaintopic. B.Toaskforacorrectanswer.C.Tosuggestexploringthesea. D.Tosummarizepeople’sviews.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutamantaray?A.Itcangrowatleast29feetlong. B.Itswimswithmuchlessenergy.C.Itcaninhabitallkindsofwaters. D.Itswimsbypushingagainstwater.14.Whatcanweinferfromtheresearch?A.Theengineersfailedtobuildamantaray’sfin. B.Artificial“mantarays”remaintobeimproved.C.Theexperimentswerecarriedoutintheocean. D.Vehicleslikemantarayshavebeenputintouse.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheproject?A.Unclear. B.Doubtful. C.Negative. D.Optimistic.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thejourneytowardsselfimprovementandpersonalsuccessisoftenpavedwithchallengesandobstacles.____16____Thepowerofmindsetextendsbeyondmerepositivethinking.Itshapesyourattitudesandactions,therebyshapingyourdestiny.Mindsetrestsonafundamentalprinciple:yourinnerbeliefsandthoughtscanformyourreality.____17____Itisalsoabouthowanoptimisticmindsetfosters(培养)improveddecisionmaking,heightenedproblemsolvingabilities,andstrongerresilienceagainstchallenges.Factorsliketalentandhardworkareoftenhighlightedinprofessionalsuccess.____18____Consideraphysicaltherapist,whomayencounterlimitationsintheireffectivenessduetoanegativeorfixedmindsetdespitepossessingthenecessaryskillsandknowledge.Thissituationunderlineshowagrowthmindsetisessential.____19____Itisagamechangerinpersonalandprofessionaldevelopment.Itiscenteredaroundthebeliefthatabilitiesandintelligencearenotfixedtraitsbutcanbecultivatedthrougheffort,learning,andperseverance.Tomakefulluseofthepotentialofyourmindset,itiscrucialtoconfrontandoverelimitingbeliefs.Youmayneverrealizeit.____20____A.Thisisn’tmerelyhopefulthinking.B.Effortandabilitycanequalapositivemindset.C.Thegrowthmindsetmeanscontinuousimprovement.D.Infact,mindsetemergesasanequallycriticalelement.E.Suchbeliefscanactasinvisiblebarrierstoyoursuccess.F.Mindsetplaysanimportantroleinbuildinggoodrelationship.G.However,acrucialelementthatinfluencesthisjourneyisthemindset.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。“I’vemetanoldlady,”Ieagerlytoldmyparentsononeofourdailyphone.Ivolunteeredtostartaknittingclubatacarehomeforthe____21____innorthLondon.Ididn’trealizeitwouldbethestartofaclose____22____,whereourages____23____sharply.Fromthebeginning,IneverfeltthatEdithandIlacked____24____.IwasamazedthatEdith,at110,couldtalkwithmeaboutanything,andthather____25____stretchedbacksoeasily,____26____evensmallthingsthattookplace100yearsago.WhenIfirstmetEdith,Iwas____27____byherintelligenceandvitality.Herdoctor’sdegreefromtheUniversityofViennatoldmeaboutthis.Asachild,shelovedtoskateonthelakeinwinters,butinherlateryearssheadoredthesummer,____28____herphysicalconditions.Althoughfromhernineties,shewas____29____toawheelchair,sheparticipatedintheexerciseclasses.OvertheyearsofvisitingEdith,IunderstoodhowEdithvaluedthe____30____ofpeopleaboveeverythingelseandmaterialpossessions,whichwasareminderofhowweshould____31____ourlives.Deathat111isnotunexpected,butIstillfeelthatsomethingis____32____frommylife.Ifeelveryfortunatetohaveformedsucha____33____bondwitharemarkablelady,fromwhomIlearntotakethewordsof____34____.Iappreciatenothingmorethantheopportunitytoregainnew____35____intolife.21.A.lonely B.elderly C.disabled D.deserted22.A.friendship B.cooperation C.encounter D.petition23.A.switched B.contracted C.contrasted D.identified24.A.adaptation B.mitment C.conversation D.attention25.A.memory B.organ C.anxiety D.manner26.A.explaining B.recalling C.forgetting D.expecting27.A.confused B.urged C.denied D.struck28.A.callingon B.allowingfor C.sortingout D.beatingdown29.A.devoted B.admitted C.restricted D.addicted30.A.pany B.discipline C.resolution D.departure31.A.follow B.tackle C.restore D.engage32.A.arising B.ranging C.missing D.suffering33.A.racial B.diverse C.visible D.special34.A.plaint B.praise C.gratitude D.wisdom35A.insights B.parison C.investment D.remarks第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Forthoselookingtoescapetheconcretejungle,maybeit’stimetodiveintothebambooforestsofsouthernSichuan.AnaturalforestthatpeopleinSichuanprovincetend____36____(visit)istheSouthernSichuanBambooSeainYibin.The120squarekilometerBambooSeaisthe____37____(large)bambooparkinChinaanditsaveragetemperatureseldomdropsbelowzerodegreesCelsiusinwinter____38____manypartsofthecountryarecoveredwithsnowandice.Knownasoneofthecountry’s10mostbeautifulforests,it____39____(be)apopulartouristattractionsincetheOscarwinningCrouchingTigerHiddenDragon____40____(shoot),therein2001.Twoyearslater,thebambooforestreceivedworldwide____41____(recognize)asabambooreserveinDecember2003,____42____(bee)thefourthtourismdestinationinChinatobegrantedGreenGlobe21certification.TheBambooSeacoversChangningandJiang’an,twocounties____43____theauthorityofYibin.Amazedatitsvastexpanse,HuangTingjian,____44____poetfromtheSongDynasty,describeditas“bamboowaves”.AsHuangwasan____45____(influence)manofletters,hisdescriptiongaverisetotheforest’spopularnickname—theBambooSea.第四部分写作(共两节;满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Alan打算今年春节与父母一起来中国旅游，想听听你的建议，请给Alan写封邮件，内容包括：1．旅游路线；2．出行方式；3．了解中国。注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearAlan,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。MywritingcareerstartedwhenIwasinelementaryschool,wheretherewerevariouswritingconteststhroughouttheyears.I’massumingitwasinthehopesoftryingtogetouryoung,littlemindsexcitedaboutthepossibilitiesthatwritingcouldofferusinourlives.ThenI’dehome,showmyparentsandmydadwouldsay,“Youdidsuchagreatjob,honey!Wow,youmustbeagreatwriter!”Iwasprobablyabetterwriterin5thgradethanmyaveragecounterparts(同等的人)atthetime.Ievenwenttothespecialadvancedclassesforthe“gifted”kidsforafewyears.AndasIgrewolder,Irememberedthoseexperiencesandwhatmydadwasalway