外科护理绪论课件

外科护理绪论外科学绪论

外科护理绪论一、现代外科学的发展

DevelopmentofModernSurgery解剖学AnatomyJohnHunter(1728-1793),thefatherofexperimentalsurgeryandasuperbanatomistandteacher.外科护理绪论麻醉AnesthesiaWillamt.G.Morton(1819-1868),aBostondentistwhosesuccessfuldemonstrationofetheranesthesiaonOctober16,1846,attheMassachusettsGneeralHospitalwasalandmarkinthehistoryofsurgery外科护理绪论3.抗菌术AntisepsisJosephLister(1827-1912),theoriginatorofantisepticsurgery外科护理绪论输血BloodtransfusionRichardLewisohn(1875-1961),asurgeonattheMountSinaiHospital,introducedthemoderntechniqueofbloodtransfusion,developedfromhisdiscoveryofamethodofpreventingcoagulationofthebloodoutsidethebody.KarlLandsteiner(1868-1943),

oneofthefirstscientiststostudythephysicalprocessesofimmunity.Heisbestknownforhisidentificationandcharacterizationofthehumanbloodgroups,A,B,andO.外科护理绪论TheodorKocher(1841-1917),professorofsurgeryattheUniversityofBerneandpioneerinthedevelopmentofsurgeryofthethyoid.HereceivedtheNobelPrizein1909.TheodorBillroth(1829-1894),professorattheUniversityofViennaandpioneerabdominalsurgeon,Billrothwasoneofthemostinfluentialteachersofhistime.Innovators&PioneersinSurgery外科护理绪论JohnH.Gibbon(1903-1973),pioneercardiothoracicsurgeonwhodevelopedextracorporealcirculation.AlexisCarrel(1873-1944),anexperimentalsurgeoninterestedinwoundhealing,tissueculture,organtransplantation,andbloodvesselanastomosis.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizein1912.外科护理绪论傅培彬

(1912-1989),

瑞金医院外科创始人外科护理绪论1954二尖瓣分离Commissurotomyofmitralstenosis1958大面积灼伤SevereBurn1963断肢再植Replantationofcutlimb1977肝移植The1stcaseofLivertransplantation1978心脏移植The1stcaseofHearttransplantation1990s-二医外科全面发展灼伤外科、消化外科、胆胰外科

Burnsurg,DigestiveS.,P.Biliary口腔外科、整形外科、小儿心脏外科

StomatologicalS.PlasticS.PediatricCardioS.TheroleofSSMUinthedevelopmentofsurgeryinChina外科护理绪论二、外科学范畴

CategoryofSurgery外科疾病分类

ClassificationofSurgicalDiseases1)损伤

Trauma —mechanicalthermal chemical electrical……2)感染

Infection3)肿瘤

NeoplasiaBenign,Malignant4)畸形

Anatomicalabnormalities Congenital,Acquired外科护理绪论5)内分泌功能失调

Metabolic&Hormonaldisorder6)梗塞与缺血

Infarction&Ischamia7)其它

Others

梗阻 Obstruction

寄生虫病 Parasitediseases

静脉曲张 Veinvaricose外科护理绪论2.外科专业发展

DevelopmentofSurgicalSpecialties工作对象和性质 实验外科EexperimentalSurgery

临床外科ClinicalSurgery外科护理绪论2)人体解剖系统 骨科 Arthrosteopedicsurgery

颌面外科 Dentofacialsurgery

心胸外科 Cardiothoracicsurgery

泌尿外科 Urologicsurgery

神经外科 Neurosurgery

普通外科 Generalsurgery (腹部外科) Abdominalsurgery外科护理绪论3)性病性质

肿瘤外科 Neoplasticsurgery

急症外科 Emergencysurgery

创伤外科 Traumasurgery

烧伤外科 Burnsurgery4)手术方式 整复外科 Plasticsurgery

显微外科 Microsurgery

移植外科 Transplantation

微创外科 Minimallyinvasivesurgery外科护理绪论5)年龄 小儿外科 PediatricSurgery

成人外科 AdultSurgery6)专业 妇科 Gynecology

耳鼻喉科 Otolaryngology

眼科 Ophthalmology外科护理绪论3.外科总论与各论

GeneralSurgery&SpecialSurgery

外科学总论 GeneralSurgery

各临床外科共同的专业基础 基础医学与临床外科学的桥梁

外科学各论 SpecialSurgery

论述各系统、各脏器外科疾病的病因、病理、诊断与治疗外科护理绪论●外科分子生物学

Surgicalmolecularbiology●外科免疫学

Surgicalimmunology●无菌术

Aseptictechnique●外科水、电解质和酸碱平衡

Fluidandelectrolytemanagement andacid-basebalance●输血

Bloodtransfusion外科护理绪论●外科休克 Surgicalshock●外科营养 Surgicalnutrition●多器官功能障碍综合征

Multipleorgandysfunctionsyndrome,MODS●麻醉 Anesthesia●外科重症监测治疗

Surgicalintensivecare外科护理绪论●心肺脑复苏

Brain-cardiopulmonaryResuscitation●疼痛治疗

Painmanagement&Analgesia●围手术期处理

Paraoperativemanagement●门诊外科 Outpatientsurgery●外科感染 Surgicalinfection●肿瘤 Neoplasma外科护理绪论●创伤 Trauma●烧伤与冷伤 Burns&Coldinjury●显微外科 Microsurgery●器官移植 Organtransplantation●组织工程 Tissueengineering●腔镜外科 Laparoscopic&thorascopicsurgery●内镜外科 Endoscopicsurgery●外科介入治疗 Surgicalinterventiontreatment外科护理绪论三、如何学习外科

Howtolearnsurgery●外科医师的职业道德 MoralCharacter●理论联系实践 TheoryandPractice●外科基础 Basictheory Basicknowledge Basictechnique外科护理绪论Spunkoftiger—胆大形象化的要求

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