高三英语一轮复习外刊改编语法填空题百日Day+19+ +Day+20

原创外刊改编语法填空题打卡Day19 Globalhealth Apaperinthe

Lancet（柳叶刀）,comparescountries'ratesofphysicalactivity.Thestudyitdescribes,ledbyPedroHallaloftheFederalUniversityofPelotas,inBrazil,is_____1_____(complete)portraityetoftheworld's

busybeesandcouchpotatoes.Itsuggeststhatnearlyathirdofadults,31%,arenotgettingenoughexercise. Thatratesofexercisehavedeclinedishardlyanewdiscovery.Sincethebeginningoftheindustrialrevolution,technologyandeconomicgrowthhave

conspired_____2_____(create)aworldin_____3_____the

flexingofmusclesismoreandmoreanoptionratherthana_____4_____(necessary).Butonlyrecentlyhaveenoughgooddata_____5_____(collect)fromenoughplacesto

carryout

thesortofanalysisDrHallalandhiscolleagueshaveengagedin. _____6_____all,theywereabletopooldatafrom122countries,covering89%oftheworld'spopulation.Theyconsideredsufficientphysicalactivitytobe30minutesof

moderate

exercisefivedaysaweek,20minutesof

vigorous

exercisethreedaysaweek,orsomecombinationof_____7_____two.Therearecommonthemesindifferentplaces.Unsurprisingly,peopleinrichcountriesarelessactivethanthoseinpoorones,andoldpeoplearelessactivethanyoungones.Lessobviously,womentendtoexerciselessthanmen—34%areinactive,comparedwith28%ofmen. _____8_____thereareexceptions.ThewomenofCroatia,Finland,IraqandLuxembourg,forexample,movemorethantheirmalecountrymen.Maltawinstheraceformost

slothful

country,with72%ofadultsgettingtoolittleexercise.SwazilandandSaudiArabia

slouchinclosebehind,with69%.InBangladesh,bycontrast,just5%ofadultsfailtoexerciseenough.Surprisingly,Americadoesnot

liveupto

its

sluggish

reputation.SixAmericansintenaresufficientlyactivebyDrHallal'sdefinition,comparedwithfewerthanfourintenBritons. Inanaccompanyinganalysisofpeople'shabits,DrHallalfoundequallywidedifferences.InSouth-EastAsiafewerthanaquartersitforatleastfourhourseachday;inEurope64%do.Andevenneighboursmaydiffer.Only2%ofSwisswalktowork,whereas23%ofGermansdoso. Thesehighratesofinactivityare_____9____(worry).

Paradoxically,humanbeingsseemtohaveevolvedtobenefitfromexercisewhile

_____10____(eschew)

itwhenevertheycan.Inastateofnatureitwouldbeimpossibletolivealifethatdidnotprovideenoughofittobebeneficial,whileover-exercisingwoulduseupscarcecaloriestolittleadvantage.Butthatnolonger

pertains.AccordingtoanotherpaperintheLancet,insufficientactivitythesedayshasnearlythesameeffectonlife

expectancy

assmoking.Globalhealth Apaperinthe

Lancet（柳叶刀）,comparescountries'ratesofphysicalactivity.Thestudyitdescribes,ledbyPedroHallaloftheFederalUniversityofPelotas,inBrazil,isthemostcomplete(complete)portraityetoftheworld's

busybeesandcouchpotatoes.Itsuggeststhatnearlyathirdofadults,31%,arenotgettingenoughexercise. Thatratesofexercisehavedeclinedishardlyanewdiscovery.Sincethebeginningoftheindustrialrevolution,technologyandeconomicgrowthhave

conspiredtocreate(create)aworldinwhichthe

flexingofmusclesismoreandmoreanoptionratherthananecessity(necessary).Butonlyrecentlyhaveenoughgooddatabeencollected(collect)fromenoughplacesto

carryout

thesortofanalysisDrHallalandhiscolleagueshaveengagedin. Inall,theywereabletopooldatafrom122countries,covering89%oftheworld'spopulation.Theyconsideredsufficientphysicalactivitytobe30minutesof

moderate

exercisefivedaysaweek,20minutesof

vigorous

exercisethreedaysaweek,orsomecombinationofthetwo.Therearecommonthemesindifferentplaces.Unsurprisingly,peopleinrichcountriesarelessactivethanthoseinpoorones,andoldpeoplearelessactivethanyoungones.Lessobviously,womentendtoexerciselessthanmen—34%areinactive,comparedwith28%ofmen. Butthereareexceptions.ThewomenofCroatia,Finland,IraqandLuxembourg,forexample,movemorethantheirmalecountrymen.Maltawinstheraceformost

slothful

country,with72%ofadultsgettingtoolittleexercise.SwazilandandSaudiArabia

slouchinclosebehind,with69%.InBangladesh,bycontrast,just5%ofadultsfailtoexerciseenough.Surprisingly,Americadoesnot

liveupto

its

sluggish

reputation.SixAmericansintenaresufficientlyactivebyDrHallal'sdefinition,comparedwithfewerthanfourintenBritons. Inanaccompanyinganalysisofpeople'shabits,DrHallalfoundequallywidedifferences.InSouth-EastAsiafewerthanaquartersitforatleastfourhourseachday;inEurope64%do.Andevenneighboursmaydiffer.Only2%ofSwisswalktowork,whereas23%ofGermansdoso. Thesehighratesofinactivityareworrying(worry).

Paradoxically,humanbeingsseemtohaveevolvedtobenefitfromexercisewhile

eschewing(eschew)

itwhenevertheycan.Inastateofnatureitwouldbeimpossibletolivealifethatdidnotprovideenoughofittobebeneficial,whileover-exercisingwoulduseupscarcecaloriestolittleadvantage.Butthatnolonger

pertains.AccordingtoanotherpaperintheLancet,insufficientactivitythesedayshasnearlythesameeffectonlife

expectancy

assmoking.全球健康 《柳叶刀》的一篇文章对世界各国人民进行体育锻炼的比率做了一个比较。文章中的研究由巴西佩洛塔斯联邦大学的PedroHallal主导，是迄今为止对世界上的勤劳之人和懒虫最为完整的描绘。研究显示，世界上有将近三分之一的成年人缺乏锻炼。 人们的锻炼比率有所下降这并不是什么新发现。自从工业革命开始后，科技和经济发展合谋创造了一个新世界，在这个世界里，锻炼身体越来越成为人们的一种选择，而非迫切的需要。但直到最近，Hallal博士和他的同事才从足够多的地区收集到了充足的数据来进行这类分析研究。 Hallal博士和他的同事总共收集了122个国家的数据，覆盖了89%的世界人口。他们认为，充足的体育锻炼应该是每周五天进行半小时的适量运动，或是每周三天进行20分钟的激烈运动，或者对这两者进行适当结合。不同的地区出现了同样的模式。富裕国家的人比那些贫穷国家的人锻炼得更少，老人比年轻人锻炼得更少，这一点在意料之中。但较为隐秘的一个现象是，女性通常比男性锻炼得少。女性懒惰人数占总人数的34%，而男性却只占了28%。 但是也有例外情况，如克罗地亚、芬兰、伊拉克、卢森堡这几个国家的女性锻炼得就比本国男性同胞多。马耳他有72%的成年人缺乏锻炼，成为世界上最懒的国家。斯威士兰和沙特阿拉伯紧随其后，懒惰人数占全国的69%。相比之下，孟加拉国只有5%的成年人缺乏锻炼。让人吃惊的是，美国竟然没有人们所说的那么懒。根据Hallal博士的标准，十个美国人中有六个拥有足够的锻炼，而相比之下，十个英国人中拥有足够锻炼的人还不到四个。 同时Hallal博士还对人们的生活习惯进行了分析，发现在这方面不同地区的人差别也很大。在东南亚，每天至少坐四小时的人不到四分之一，但在欧洲这样的人却占了总人口的64%。而且即使是邻国之间差别也很大。在瑞士，只有2%的人走路上班，但在德国却有23%的人这样做。 这么高的懒惰率实在令人担忧。人类似乎已经进化到一种自相矛盾状态，尽管运动十分有益，但人类却唯恐避之不及。在自然状态下，缺乏锻炼的生活是不可能对人有益的，但过度锻炼又可能耗尽宝贵的卡路里，对人体无益。但现在这种说法已经不再适用现代人了。《柳叶刀》中的另一篇文章称，缺乏锻炼对寿命造成的影响几乎和抽烟差不多。 生词积累portraitn.（尤指只刻画脸、头和肩部的）肖像，照片，雕像；描绘couchpotato指那些喜欢在家里看电视、玩电子游戏或者上网，而不愿意进行户外活动的人。conspirev.密谋，共谋；共同导致flexv.弯曲，曲折（四肢，关节）；necessityn.必需品，必需的事物；必要，需要；必然性moderateadj.普通的，中等的；不偏激的，温和的；有节制的，slothfuladj.怠惰的，懒惰的；迟钝的slouchinclosebehind紧随其后sluggishadj.缓慢的，迟钝的，懒惰的sufficientlyadv.充分地，足够地paradoxicallyadv.自相矛盾地；eschewvt.避免；避开；远避lifeexpectancy预期寿命pertainv.适用原创外刊改编语法填空题打卡Day20TheclimatecrisisisraisingyourgrocerybillsFrom:TheGuardian Familiesaroundtheworldarestrugglingwithhighergrocerycostsandelectricityandheatingbills._____1_____theymaynotrealizeisthatrisinginflationis_____2_____(increase)drivenbyanotherglobalcrisis:climatechange. Lastyear,theUnitedStates_____3_____(incur)over$2bnincostsdueto20climate-relatedextremeweatherevents,fromHurricaneIantoheatwavesanddrought.

Lumber,cotton,tomatoes,wheatandenergy–and_____4_____productstheygenerate,from

denim

jeanstoyourItaliantakeoutdinner–wereallaffectedbytheseeventsandarenowmoreexpensivethanthistimelastyear.

Climate-drivenextremeweatheranddisastersarenowmorefrequentlyresponsibleforproduction_____5_____(shortage),supplychaindisruptions,andlaborissuesthatleadtohighercostsofliving. Thecostoffoodisparticularlysusceptibletoclimate-relatedshockslikedroughts,floodsorwildfires.Forexample,the

costofeggs

intheUSroseby60%in2022.Inadditiontoincreaseddemandanda

spike

inavianflu,climate-fueleddroughtsandheatwavesmadegrowingchickenfeed30%moreexpensive.ClimatechangehasalsoharmedthegrowthofcottoninTexas,orangesinFloridaandtomatoesinCalifornia. Aroundtheworld,thisaffectslower-incomepeoplethemost;theytendtospendagreatershareoftheirincomeonfood.Indevelopingcountries,communitieswillfeeltheeffectsofclimatechangeontheirwalletsandlivelihoodseven_____6_____(severe):thepriceoffood_____7_____(soar)over

24%inNigeria

and

62.7%inEgypt

inthepastyears.

Aside_____8_____challengestofoodproduction,climatechangeisdisruptinglaborandtransportationintheglobalsupplychain.Heatwaves,wildfires,powerandinternet

outages

havealreadyaffectedworkersinwarehouses,ontheroadandinhomeoffices.Whileworkerhealthandsafetyshouldalwaysbeatop_____9_____(prior),theclimatecrisisiscreatinglabordisruptionsandshortages_____10_____can

driveup

prices.TheclimatecrisisisraisingyourgrocerybillsFrom:TheGuardian Familiesaroundtheworldarestrugglingwithhighergrocerycostsandelectricityandheatingbills.Whattheymaynotrealizeisthatrisinginflationisincreasingly(increase)drivenbyanotherglobalcrisis:climatechange. Lastyear,theUnitedStatesincurred(incur)over$2bnincostsdueto20climate-relatedextremeweatherevents,fromHurricaneIantoheatwavesanddrought.

Lumber,cotton,tomatoes,wheatandenergy–andtheproductstheygenerate,from

denim

jeanstoyourItaliantakeoutdinner–wereallaffectedbytheseeventsandarenowmoreexpensivethanthistimelastyear.

Climate-drivenextremeweatheranddisastersarenowmorefrequentlyresponsibleforproductionshortages(shortage),supplychaindisruptions,andlaborissuesthatleadtohighercostsofliving. Thecostoffoodisparticularlysusceptibletoclimate-relatedshockslikedroughts,floodsorwildfires.Forexample,the

costofeggs

intheUSroseby60%in2022.Inadditiontoincreaseddemandanda

spike

inavianflu,climate-fueleddroughtsandheatwavesmadegrowingchickenfeed30%moreexpensive.ClimatechangehasalsoharmedthegrowthofcottoninTexas,orangesinFloridaandtomatoesinCalifornia. Aroundtheworld,thisaffectslower-incomepeoplethemost;theytendtospendagreatershareoftheirincomeonfood.Indevelopingcountries,communitieswillfeeltheeffectsofclimatechangeontheirwalletsandlivelihoodsevenmoreseverely(severe):thepriceoffoodhassoared(soar)over

24%inNigeria

and

62.7%inEgypt

inth