2024-2025学年新教材高中英语课时检测一Unit1PeopleofAchievementPeriod1含解析新人教版选择性必修第一册

PAGE一Unit1Period1Ⅰ.阅读理解AIn1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(识字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady”.Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.【语篇概述】这是一篇写于狄更斯诞辰200周年纪念前夕的文章,介绍了英国小说的产生和兴盛,以及狄更斯在英国小说界的地位。1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A.Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B.Theywerepopularamongtherich.C.Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D.Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据第一段最终一句“Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.”可知,18世纪的英国小说被看不起,被认为是愚蠢的,邪恶的,坏透了的,与C选项中的worthless基本一样,故选C。2.DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress_______.

A.hisreputationinFranceB.hisinterestinmodernartC.hissuccessinpublicationD.hisimportanceinliterature【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据其次段中“TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.”可知,文章把狄更斯与《蒙娜丽莎》比较,是利用《蒙娜丽莎》在艺术界的地位来类比狄更斯在文学界的地位,故选D。3.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Torememberagreatwriter.B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.【解析】选A。写作意图题。依据最终一段中“Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches...”可知,本文写于狄更斯诞辰200周年纪念前夕,明显是为了纪念这位宏大的作家。B(2024·邯郸高二检测)Womenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.DozensofwomenhavewontheNobelPrizeinscience,oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.Somewomenscientistsnevermarried,someworkedwiththeirhusbands,andothersraisedlargefamilies.Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.Intheearly1800sinEngland,MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognizedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.Maryandherfathercollectedfossils(化石)intheirvillageonthesouthcoastofGreatBritain.Fossilsarepartsofplantsoranimalsthathavebeensavedinrocksformillionsofyears.Whenshewasonlytwelveyearsold,Marybecamethefirstpersontofindthealmostcompleteskeletons(骨架)ofseveralanimalsthatnolongerexistedonearth.Shedidn’tbecomefamousforherdiscoveriesatthattimebecausesheoftensoldherfossilstogetmoneytosupportherfamily.In1891,ayoungPolishwomannamedMarieSklodowskatraveledtoParistostudyphysics.ShedidsobecauseshecouldnotgetacollegeeducationinPoland.ShebeganworkinginthelaboratoryofamannamedPierreCurie.MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.TheyreceivedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1903alongwithanotherscientist.MarieCuriebecamethefirstpersontobeawardedasecondNobelPrizein1911,thistimeinChemistry.MarieCuriewasoneofthefewwomenatthetimethatbecamefamousasascientist.【语篇概述】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了以MaryAnning和MarieCurie为代表的女性科学家的故事。4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofwomenscientistsaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Theygothroughdifficultiestobesuccessful.B.Theycannotgetthehighesthonorsintheworld.C.Theyhadbetterpaymoreattentiontotheirfamilies.D.Theyhavemoreopportunitiestobecomesuccessful.【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段末尾句内容“Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.”可知,在作者看来,女性成为胜利的科学家是很难的。故选A项。5.WhydidMaryfailtobefamousforherdiscoveriesoffossils?A.Shedidn’twanttobeknowntoanyone.B.Theyweren’tworthstudying.C.Nobodyrecognizedthem.D.Shesoldthemformoney.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段末尾句内容“Shedidn’tbecomefamousforherdiscoveriesatthattimebecausesheoftensoldherfossilstogetmoneytosupportherfamily.”可知,她当时并没有因为发觉化石而出名是因为她常常卖掉化石来赚钱养家。故选D项。6.WhatcanweknowaboutMarieCurie?A.ShefinishedhercollegeeducationinPoland.B.ShewasthefirstwomantowintwoNobelPrizes.C.ShewonthefirstNobelPrizebeforegettingmarried.D.SheandherhusbandwontheNobelPrizeinChemistry.【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。依据文章第四段内容“TheyreceivedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1903alongwithanotherscientist.MarieCuriebecamethefirstpersontobeawardedasecondNobelPrizein1911,thistimeinChemistry.”可知,1903年,居里夫人夫妇和另一位科学家一起获得了诺贝尔物理学奖,1911年,居里夫人成为第一个获得其次个诺贝尔奖的人,这次是在化学领域。因此可知,她是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性。故选B项。7.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Ancientdiscoveriesofscientists.B.Somestoriesofwomenscientists.C.Successfulmarriagesofwomenscientists.D.SomewomenscientistswinningtheNobelPrize.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。依据文章结构为总分结构,第一段提及了本文的中心话题:Womenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes...Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.由此可知文章的话题为“女性科学家”,并在后文讲解并描述了MaryAnning和MarieCurie的胜利故事。选项B“Somestoriesofwomenscientists.(一些女科学家的故事。)”合理概括了文章中心主旨。故选B项。Ⅱ.阅读填句EyescanspeakMuchmeaningcanbeconveyedclearlywithoureyes,soitisoftensaidthateyescanspeak.1Inabusyoumaylookatastranger,butnotfortoolong.Andifhesensesthatyouarestaringathim,hemayfeeluncomfortable.

Thesameistrueinourdailylife.Ifyouarestaredatformorethannecessary,youwilllookatyourselfupanddowntoseeifthereissomethingwrongwithyou.2Eyesdospeak,right?

Lookingtoolongatsomeonemayseemtoberudeandaggressive.3Ifamanstaresatawomanformorethan10secondsandrefusestolookawayfromher,hisintentionsareobvious.Hewishestoattractherattentionandletherknowthatheisadmiringher.

However,whentwopersonsareengagedinaconversation,thespeakerwillonlylookintothelistener’seyesfromtimetotimetomakesurethatthelistenerdoespayattentiontowhattheformerisspeaking.4Ifaspeakerlooksatyoucontinuouslywhenspeakingasiftryingtocontrolyou,youwillfeelawkward.Apoorliarusuallyexposeshimselfbylookingtoolongatthevictim.Hewronglybelievesthatlookingstraightintheeyeisasignofhonestcommunication.5

Actually,eyecontactshouldbemadebasedonspecificrelationshipandsituation.A.Onthecontrary,itwillgivehimaway.B.Doyouhavesuchakindofexperience?C.That’swhatnormaleyecontactisallabout.D.Actually,continuouseyecontactislimitedtoloversonly.E.Afterall,everybodylikestobestaredatforquitealongtime.F.Butthingsaredifferentwhenitcomestostaringattheoppositesex.G.Ifnothinggoeswrong,youwillfeelannoyedatbeingstaredatthatway.【语篇概述】本文叙述了我们的眼睛能清晰地表达很多意思,所以常说眼睛会说话。但是用眼神沟通应依据两人之间的关系和你们所在的位置而定。1.【解析】选B。依据第一段的意思:很多意思可以用我们的眼睛清晰地表达,所以常常说眼睛能说话。再依据空格下句:在公共汽车上,你可能看一个生疏人,但时间不太长。故可知B项Doyouhavesuchakindofexperience?(你有这样一种经验吗?)起着承上启下的作用,符合题意,故选B。2.【解析】选G。依据上句:假如你被过分盯着看,你就会上上下下端详自己,看看自己是不是有什么地方不对劲。故可知下句的意思是:假如没有什么不对劲的话,以那种方式被盯着看,你会感觉到很恼火,故选G。3.【解析】选F。依据上句:长时间看某人是粗鲁和具有侵略性的。再依据空格下句:假如一位男士盯着一位女士超过10秒,拒绝避开她,他的目的很明显。他就是想吸引她的留意,让她知道他正在观赏她。故可知空格处表示一种转折:但是,当谈到盯着异性时,状况就不同了。故选F。4.【解析】选C。依据上句:说话者时常地盯着听者的眼睛就是为了确保听者的确在听自己说话。再依据空格下句:假如一个说话的人说话时始终看着你,似乎是在试图限制你。故可知此处的意思是:这就是正常的眼神沟通。故选C。5.【解析】选A。依据上句:他错误地认为直视眼睛是真诚沟通的一个标记。故可知下句的意思是:正相反,它出卖了他。故选A。【素养培优】AccordingtoPassageA,retellthemainidea.CharlesDickenswasbornin1812.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadership.Hecreatedmanycharacters,suchasOliverTwist,TinyTim—whowereheldupasmoraltouchstones.

Dickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.Andhiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Perhapstalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.

阅读理解BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel’shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.Thecat’slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin’scousins,MrPennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin’sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.

In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,MrPenningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin’sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.Inthecity,MrPenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(风景)painting.Williams,awell-knownpainter,cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,“Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲解并描述了美国绘画之父本杰明小时候就呈现出了绘画的天赋,并在堂兄及Williams的帮助下下定决心成为一名画家的故事。1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Benjamin’svisittoPhiladelphia.B.Willi