2024-2025学年广东省佛山市南海区高三上学期开学摸底测试英语试题（含答案）

2024-2025学年广东省佛山市南海区高三上学期开学摸底测试英语试题全卷共11页，满分130分，考试时间130分钟。考生注意：1.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。2.答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。第一部分听说考试（满分20分，另行安排）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFloraalwayshadanadventurousspiritbutin2020shebeganherbiggestadventureyet.BornandraisedintheMinnesota,shealsolivedinBahrainandEgyptandmovedtoDubai,intheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE),in2002.Asanenthusiastichikerandmountainclimber,shehadstruggledtofindlike-mindedpeopletotrek(远足)withher,soin2011shestartedaweekendhikinggroup.AfewyearslatersheturneditintoabusinesscalledFloraUAETrekkers,runningweekendhikeswhileshecontinuedteachingEnglishintheweek.Whenshelostherjobin2020,shedecidedtofocusherenergiesonFloraUAETrekkers,whichhasnowattracted50,000followersonsocialmediaandofferedguidedhikestoover80,000people.Nolongerworkinganine-to-fiveattheuniversity,sheregularlywakesupat3a.m.onweekdaystoleadtreksaroundsomeofthemostbreathtakingscenerysurroundingDubai.SheevenoffersaspecialistsunsethikeacrosstheLiwadesertinAbuDhabi—usedaslocationforfilmingDune:PartTwo.“IknewthatIwantedtocreatesomethingthatencouragedpeopletogetoutsideandexplorewhatDubaihadtoofferoutsideofthecity.Fromthere,itrocketed,”Florasays.“AlotofpeopleinDubaidon’tknowthere’sanythingelseoutsidethecityandthatthere’ssomuchnaturehere.”However,theroadtosuccesswasnotalwayssmooth.“Ourearlychallengesweretoovercomethestereotype(偏见)ofwhatahikingguideshouldlooklike,”Florasays.“Thestereotypicalguidehasphysicalstrengthandplacesanemphasisonhikingasatooltoimproveyourfitness,physiqueandspeed.”Goingagainstthegrain,Floraemployedcurrentandformereducatorsaswellasmothers,likeherself,asguides.“Wereallywantedtoremovethatcompetitiveatmosphereandsatisfyalllevels,notonlyforthestrong.”Florasays.1.WhydidFlorastartaweekendhikinggroupin2011?A.Tostartherownbusiness. B.Tomeethikingcompanions.C.Topromotelocaltourism. D.Togrowsocialmediafollowers.2WhatcanbeinferredaboutDubaifromparagraph3?A.Itisafamousfilminglocation. B.Itisaninnovationcenter.C.Ithasbeautifulnaturalscenery. D.Itattractsvisitorsacrosstheglobe.3.WhoaremostlikelytobechosenasguidesinFloraUAETrekkers?A.Professionalathletes. B.Experiencedhikers.C.Adventureenthusiasts. D.Nature-lovingcaregivers.4.WhichwordcanbestdescribeFlora?A.Generous. B.Humble. C.Innovative. D.Authoritative.BThefilmwasawful.Afteranhour,Iwhisperedtomywife,“Comeon,let’sgohome.”Shereplied,“Noway.We’renotthrowingawaythirtydollars.”“That’snoreasontostay,”Iprotested.“Themoney’salreadygoneregardlessofwhetherwestayorleave.Thisisthesunkcostfallacy(谬误)atwork!”ButshejuststaredatmeangrilyandIhadtosinkbackdowninmyseat.Thesunkcostfallacyismostdangerouswhenwehaveinvestedalotoftime,money,energy,orloveinsomething.Thisinvestmentbecomesareasontocarryon,evenifwearedealingwithalostcause.Themoreweinvest,thegreaterthesunkcostsare,andthegreatertheurgetocontinuebecomes.Thesunkcostfallacyisfrequentlyseenininvestors.Oftentheybasetheirtradingdecisionsonacquisitionprices.“Ilostsomuchmoneywiththisstock(股票).Ican’tsellitnow,”theysay.Thisisunreasonable.Theacquisitionpriceshouldplaynorole.Whatcountsisthestock’sfutureperformance.Strangely,themoremoneyastockloses,themorelikelyinvestorstendtostickbyit.Thisbehaviorisdrivenbyaneedforconsistency.Afterall,beingconsistentmeansbeingreliable.Wereallydislikeitwhenthingsdon’tmatchup.Ifwestopaprojecthalfway,weadmitthatweoncethoughtdifferently.Carryingonwithameaninglessprojectdelaysthispainfulrealizationandkeepsupappearances.“We’vecomethisfar...”“I’vereadsomuchofthisbookalready...”“ButI’vespenttwoyearsdoingthiscourse...”Ifyourecognizeanyofthesethoughtpatterns,itshowsthatthesunkcostfallacyisatworkinacornerofyourbrain.Ofcoursetheremaybegoodreasonstocontinueinvestinginsomething,butmakesurenotforthewrongreasons,suchastomakenon-recoverableinvestmentslookreasonable.Wisedecisionmakingrequiresyoutoforgetaboutthecostsinthepast.Nomatterhowmuchyouhavealreadyinvested,onlyyourassessmentofthefuturecostsandbenefitscounts.5.Whydoestheauthormentionhisfilm-watchingexperience?A.Todescribeascene. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tostatethewritingpurpose. D.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.6.Howareinvestorsaffectedbythesunkcostfallacy?A.Theykeepholdingthefallingstock. B.Theybecomemoreconfidentinthestock.C.Theyvaluethestock’sfutureperformance. D.Theyignoretheacquisitionpriceofthestock.7.Whatmattersinmakingdecisionsaccordingtotheauthor?A.Evaluatingthelostcosts. B.Focusingonconsistency.C.Seekinghelpfromothers. D.Weighinguppotentialprofits.COnerecentreportfoundthatadultsintheUSchecktheirphones,onaverage,344timesaday—onceeveryfourminutes—andspendalmostthreehoursadayontheirdevicesintotal.Buthaveyouwonderedwhatthisconstantuseisdoingtoourbrains?Asyoumightexpect,thesimpledistractionofcheckingaphonecanhavenegativeconsequences.Anditisn’tjusttheuseofaphonethathasconsequences—itsmerepresencecanaffectthewaywethink.Inonestudy,researchersaskedparticipantstoeitherputtheirphonesnexttothemorinanotherroom.Participantsthencompletedaseriesoftaskstotesttheirabilitiestoprocessandrememberinformation,theirproblem-solving,andtheirfocus.Theywerefoundtoperformfarbetterwhentheirphoneswereinanotherroominsteadofnearby—whethervisible,poweredonornot.Themereproximityofaphone,itseems,usesupthebrain’senergy.Ourbrainsmaybehardatworkincontrollingthedesiretocheckourphones.Theonly“fix,”theresearchersfound,wasputtingthedeviceinadifferentroom.However,thereisonewaywecantrytolessenitsilleffects.Andithastodowithourbeliefs.Peoplewhothinkourbrainshavelimitedresourcesaremorelikelytogiveintotemptations(诱惑).Butforthosewhobelieveresistingtemptationsstrengthensourabilitytokeepresisting,exercisingself-controlononetaskdoesn’tworsentheirperformanceinsubsequentones.Theybelieveourbrainshaveunlimitedresources.WhatamItakingfromthis?Tocutdownonmindlessreachingformyphone,I’llkeeppracticingleavingitinanotherroom.ButI’llalsoremindmyselfthatmybrainhasmoreresourcesthanIthink—andthateachtimeIresistthetemptationtocheckmyphone,I’mlayingdownnewneural(神经的)pathwaysthatwillmakeiteasierandeasiertoresistthattemptation,andperhapsothersaswell,infuture.8.Whatdidthestudyaimtofindoutbyplacingthephonesdifferently?A.Howpeople’sperformancewasaffected.B.Howpeoplegainedaccesstodigitalresources.C.Whetherpeopleuseddifferentskillsinthetest.D.Whetherpeopledevelopeddependenceonphones.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“proximity”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Thought. B.Dependence. C.Nearness. D.Mention.10.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofresistingthetemptationtocheckthephone?A.Itwillstrengthenourbelief. B.Itwillimproveconcentration.C.Itwillweakenbrainactivity. D.Itwilluseupthebrain’sresources.11.Whatwilltheauthoragreetodotoreducemindlessphoneuse?A.Practiceself-control. B.Increasebrainpower.C.Onlyusethephoneforwork. D.Setatimertolimitphoneuse.DWhensomeoneasksforyouropinion,areyouquicktoofferit?Ordoyouoptinsteadforalaid-back“it’syourcall,”anundecided“anything’sfine,”oraneager-to-please“whateverworksbestforyou?”Manyofusdon’tshareourthoughtsoutofadesiretoappeareasygoingandcooperative.Butthroughtworesearchprojectsthatexploredawiderangeofinterpersonalsituations,wefoundthatfailingtoweighincanactuallymakeyouseemlesslikableandharmyourrelationships.Inourfirstresearchproject,welookedathowpeoplereactedwhenaskingafriendwhatrestaurant,movie,ormuseumthey’dprefertogoto.Nomatterthecontext,theparticipantsalmostalwaystoldusthattheywantedtheircompaniontopickaspecificoption—andwhentheircompanionchosenotto,theparticipantsfoundtheirfriendslesslikable,andtheybecamelessinterestedingoingonfutureoutingswiththem.Whyisthis?Youmightthinkthatwithholdingyourpreferencesmakesyoumorelikable,butinfact,whensomeoneasksforyourinput,they’regenerallylookingforhelpmakingadecision.Ourparticipantsreportedthatitwasharderforthemtomakeadecisionwhentheirfriendrefusedtoexpressanopinion,andthisunpleasantdecision-makingexperienceoftenharmedtheirimpressionoftheirfriend.Anotherreasonwithholdingapreferencecanbackfireisthatwhensomeoneclaimsnottocare,itcanseemliketheyactuallydohaveanopinion,butarehidingittoavoidconflict.Inoursecondresearchproject,wefoundthatwhensomeonesaystheydon’thaveapreference,thedecisionmakeroftenassumesthey’reonlysayingthatbecausetheyhavetheoppositepreferenceastheydo.Whenthishappens,thedecisionmakerismorelikelytochoosetheoptionthattheythemselvesdon’twant,ultimatelymakingthemthatmuchlesssatisfiedwiththeinteraction.Sonexttimesomeoneasksyouwhatyouthinkdon’tholdback.Whetherit’safriendaskingwhereyou’dliketogotoeat,aclientwho’scuriouswhatkindsofmusicyoulike,oraworkmaterequestingyourinputonaworkplacedecision,sharingyouropinionisalmostalwaysawin-win.12.Whyaresomepeopleunwillingtosharetheirpersonalpreferences?A.Toprotectprivacy. B.Tomakeagoodimpression.C.Toavoidargument. D.Togetbetterinvolved.13.Whatdidthefirstresearchprojectfindaboutpeopleaskingforfeedback?A.Theydiditoutofpoliteness. B.Theyexpectedanagreement.C.Theypreferredconcreteanswers. D.Theyhadnooptionsinmind.14.Whatcanweinferaboutdecisionmakersfromparagraph4?A.Theywillguessothers’thoughts. B.Theywillsticktotheirownideas.C.Theywillexpresstheirdissatisfaction. D.Theywillacceptothers’suggestions.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.IfYou’reToldNo,It’sFine B.IfYouDon’tFeelLikeIt,TryItC.IfSomeoneDoubtsYou,BeYourself D.IfSomeoneAsksYourOpinion,GiveIt第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Intoday’ssocietywherebuyingsomethingnewisonlyamatterofclickingabutton,we’reconstantlystuffingourhouseswiththingswedon’tneed.____16____Italsocontributestounnecessarywasteandevenanxietyforthoselivinginspacesfloodedwithtoomanythings.Thesearereasonswhymanyaredownsizingwhattheyown.Thefirststeptolivingwithlessissayinggoodbyetoexcess(过量的)stuff.Buthowdoyoudecidewhattokeepandwhattothrowout?It’sneveraneasytask.____17____Lookingaroundyourhome,youmayfindtonsofitemsthathaven’tbeenofanyusewithinrecentmemory.Chancesareyou’llnevermissthem.Nowthatyou’vechosenwhichitemsyou’llbepartingwith,it’stimetofigureoutwhattodowitheverything.____18____Witheasy-to-useplatformsandapps,youcanquicklyearncashwithoutleavingthesofa.Besides,ifyou’relookingtodoagooddeedorjustdon’twanttodealwiththetroubleofsellingyourthings,donationistheperfectway.____19____Anotherincreasinglypopularoptionison-demandstorage.Itinvolvesaprofessionalteamcomingtotheclientandtransportingtheiritemstoastoragefacility.Oftentimeseverythingcanbearrangedstraightfromanapp.____20____Itrequiressomemajorlifestyleandmindsetchanges,butifit’ssomethingyouwanttocommitto,youmayseemanybenefits.A.Thiscreatesmorethanachaosproblem.B.Certainobjectsareonlymeanttobeusedoccasionally.C.First,stickthemintostorageuntilyoudecidewhat’sbest.D.Givingawayitemsyourarelyusecanbenefitpeopleinneed.E.Pursuingamoreminimalistlifestylereduceschaosandstress.F.Thethought,“Imightneedthissomeday,”isincrediblycommon.G.First,turnrubbishintotreasurebysellingoffyourextrapossessions.第三部分语言知识及运用（共两节，满分25分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iwassortofadifficultstudentinschool,alwaysseekingtheeasywayout.Oneday,myteacheraskedwhatIwantedtobewhenIgrewup.Withoutasecondthought,ItoldherIjustwantedtobehappy.ShetoldmeIwas____21____thewholepointofthequestion.“HappinessisexactlywhatIlivefor,”Iresponded____22____.Thatevening,whenIgothome,myfatherlookedunusually____23____.IknewIcouldn’t____24____whatwasinstoreforme.Aftertakingadeepbreath,I____25____myselftohimandthencamethe____26____conversation.Hestaredatmeintheeyesandstarted,“Son,itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudoforalivingaslongasitbringsyouhappiness.Buthappinessdoesn’tcome____27____.Yourmotherfindsher____28____inhelpingothersasanurse,andIfindmineinteachinglanguage.Webothfindhappinessinthe____29____workwedoeachday.Howareyougoingtofindyourhappiness?”His_____30_____leftmedeepinthought.IrealizedthatIhadbeen_____31_____theopportunitytoexperiencethetrueessenceofhappiness.Eversincethen,insteadofshyingawayfromdifficultsituations,Ihavechosentoface_____32_____thatcamemyway.Guidedbymyfather’s_____33_____,I’veachievedhappinessnowby_____34_____hundredsofpeoplewhoeventuallyrealize,andmoreimportantly,_____35_____ontheveryidea.21.A.complicating B.changing C.missing D.emphasizing22.A.humorously B.randomly C.defensively D.creatively23.A.serious B.nervous C.guilty D.curious24A.escape B.predict C.understand D.guarantee25.A.proved B.dragged C.threw D.recommended26.A.ice-breaking B.life-changing C.trouble-saving D.time-consuming27.A.early B.often C.easy D.again28.A.job B.place C.courage D.joy29.A.temporary B.hard C.paid D.outdoor30.A.examples B.words C.expression D.attitude31.A.denying B.saving C.ensuring D.underestimating32.A.failures B.criticism C.punishments D.challenges33.A.wisdom B.experience C.ambition D.interpretation34.A.judging B.warning C.protecting D.helping35.A.reflect B.consult C.act D.comment第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。XitangAncientTown,locatedabout100kmfromShanghai,isapicturesquewatertown____36____lookslikeatraditionalChinesepainting.OneofXitang’smostnotablefeaturesisits1,300-meter-longroofedcorridor(走廊)thatstretches____37____theriver,providingshadeandshelterforvisitors.Italsonow____38____(serve)anunofficialscenicrouteforvisitorswhocanwalk____39____(leisure)alongandenjoythescenery.Thetownisalsofamousfornumerousbridgesdatingback____40____(century).DuringtheMingDynastyandQingDynasty,itwasanimportanttownforthe____41____(produce)ofhandiworkandalso____42____commercialcenterinSouthChina.Xitang’snighttoursareparticularlyattractive,____43____(offer)visitorsthechancetoexplorethetownfromboats____44____(decorate)withredlanterns.Asnightfalls,thestreetsofXitang_____45_____(bathe)inthewarmlightofredlanterns,andthesoundoftraditionalmusicflowsfromhistorichouses.Xitangbecomesdifferentjustlikeagirlputtingonheavymakeup.第四部分词汇基础（共两节，满分25分）第一节词义匹配（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）第一组请把下面的中文与英文单词匹配。每组有两个多余选项。AaccidentB.incidentC.competenceD.committeeE.commitmentF.dentistG.defeat46.委员会________47.投入________48.事件________49.能力________50.战胜________第二组请把下面的中文与英文单词匹配。每组有两个多余选项。A.previousB.preciseC.financialD.fundamentalE.relevantF.ruralG.refillable51.财政的________52.乡村的________53.以前的________54.有关的________55.基础的________第三组请把下面的中文与英文单词匹配。每组有两个多余选项。A.correspondB.collapseC.imitateD.investigateE.perceiveF.justifyG.swallow56.察觉________57.通信________58.倒塌________59.调查________60.证明……正确________第二节选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）A阅读下面文本，并从方框内的单词或语块中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A.mediumB.artificiallyC.copyD.identifyE.mechanicF.generationsG.identicalCloningistheprocessofmakinganexact____61____ofaplantoranimalanddevelopingiteithernaturallyor____62____.Naturalcloninghasbeengoingonfor____63____.Forexample,gardenershavebeenusingaformofcloningwhentheytakeacuttingfromaplantandplaceitinasuitable____64____,suchassoil.Anotherexampleofnaturalcloningis____65____twins,whoareproducedfromthesameegg.B阅读下面文本，并从方框内单词或语块中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A.restrictedB.resolvedC.informalD.individualsE.confidenceF.clarifyingG.handlingMontessori,thefirstfemaledoctorinItaly,developedtheMontessoriMethod,aneducationalsystemthatencouragesanunconventionaland____66____styleofteaching.Childrenlearnfrom____67____everydaymaterials,andtheydevelopattheirownpace.TheMontessoriphilosophyissimple.Forinstance,oneofitsprinciplesisthatchildrenareunique____68____whomustbefreetolearnwithoutbeingcriticisedor____69____.Itisthechildthatcontrolsthepace,topicandlessons,nottherestoftheclassortheteacher.Asaresult,childrenenjoylearning,whichgivesthem____70____andmakesthemhappy.第五部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）71.假定你是李华，你们学校上周末组织同学们到中山大学参加了研学活动，请给你的英国笔友Jack写一封邮件分享你的研学经历，内容包括：1.活动内容；2.你的收获。注意：写作词数应为80个左右。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）72.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。In1996,Ihadjustfinishedmyfirstyearofcommunitycollege.Afterborrowingmydad’scarforschoolforafewmonths,wedecideditwastimeformetogetmyowncar.Sincemyfamilywaseconomical,weheadedtotheusedcarsection.Ifoundacutelittlecarthatseemedlikeagreatdeal,butmydadhaddoubtsfromthestart.Hewantedtohaveitthoroughlycheckedbeforepurchasing,butIwasinahurry.“Dad,wecan’tinspecteverycar.Let’sjustpickone.Iwantthisone...”So,hegavein.Thecutelittlecarwasmine!Butassoonaswedroveoffthelot,problemsstarted.First,constantoverheating.Then,aknockingsoundfromtheengine.Butohno—Iwasnotgoingtobestopped.NotMissFancyPantsCollegeGirl.Ihadmyowncar!Whatiftheneedlewenttothe“H”everynowandthen?Bigdeal!Ijustwouldn’tlookatit.Andthatannoyinglittlesoundfromtheengine?Icouldjustturnuptheradio.Problemsolved!Ignoringthesewarnings,IheadedouttoaFridaynightpartyinmycollegetown,lookingforwardtoitforweeksandshockedthatmydadallowedmetogo.However,withanunexpectedwintersnowstorm,mydadstartedhavingsecondthoughts.Thesnowyroadscombinedwithmycar’sissueswereenoughforhimtovoicehisconcerns.ButIwasn’tlistening.OffIwent,drivinginthesnowforthirtyminutes.JustasIhitalongstretchofsomewhatdesertedhighway,theunavoidablehappened.Mypreciouslittlecarletoutitsfinalbreath...anddied.Luckily,Imanagedtocoasttothesideofthehighway,barelyoverthelineontotheshoulder,beforeitcametoacompletestop.Now,remember,thiswas1996,andcellphoneswererare.Therewasnowaytocallforhelp.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。Iwasreallystuckonasnowydarknightonthehighway.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Aboutanhourlater,afamiliarcarcameoutofnowhere.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2024-2025学年广东省佛山市南海区高三上学期开学摸底测试英语试题答案版全卷共11页，满分130分，考试时间130分钟。考生注意：1.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。2.答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。第一部分听说考试（满分20分，另行安排）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFloraalwayshadanadventurousspiritbutin2020shebeganherbiggestadventureyet.BornandraisedintheMinnesota,shealsolivedinBahrainandEgyptandmovedtoDubai,intheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE),in2002.Asanenthusiastichikerandmountainclimber,shehadstruggledtofindlike-mindedpeopletotrek(远足)withher,soin2011shestartedaweekendhikinggroup.AfewyearslatersheturneditintoabusinesscalledFloraUAETrekkers,runningweekendhikeswhileshecontinuedteachingEnglishintheweek.Whenshelostherjobin2020,shedecidedtofocusherenergiesonFloraUAETrekkers,whichhasnowattracted50,000followersonsocialmediaandofferedguidedhikestoover80,000people.Nolongerworkinganine-to-fiveattheuniversity,sheregularlywakesupat3a.m.onweekdaystoleadtreksaroundsomeofthemostbreathtakingscenerysurroundingDubai.SheevenoffersaspecialistsunsethikeacrosstheLiwadesertinAbuDhabi—usedaslocationforfilmingDune:PartTwo.“IknewthatIwantedtocreatesomethingthatencouragedpeopletogetoutsideandexplorewhatDubaihadtoofferoutsideofthecity.Fromthere,itrocketed,”Florasays.“AlotofpeopleinDubaidon’tknowthere’sanythingelseoutsidethecityandthatthere’ssomuchnaturehere.”However,theroadtosuccesswasnotalwayssmooth.“Ourearlychallengesweretoovercomethestereotype(偏见)ofwhatahikingguideshouldlooklike,”Florasays.“Thestereotypicalguidehasphysicalstrengthandplacesanemphasisonhikingasatooltoimproveyourfitness,physiqueandspeed.”Goingagainstthegrain,Floraemployedcurrentandformereducatorsaswellasmothers,likeherself,asguides.“Wereallywantedtoremovethatcompetitiveatmosphereandsatisfyalllevels,notonlyforthestrong.”Florasays.1.WhydidFlorastartaweekendhikinggroupin2011?A.Tostartherownbusiness. B.Tomeethikingcompanions.C.Topromotelocaltourism. D.Togrowsocialmediafollowers.2.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDubaifromparagraph3?A.Itisafamousfilminglocation. B.Itisaninnovationcenter.C.Ithasbeautifulnaturalscenery. D.Itattractsvisitorsacrosstheglobe.3.WhoaremostlikelytobechosenasguidesinFloraUAETrekkers?A.Professionalathletes. B.Experiencedhikers.C.Adventureenthusiasts. D.Nature-lovingcaregivers.4.WhichwordcanbestdescribeFlora?A.Generous. B.Humble. C.Innovative. D.Authoritative.【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.CBThefilmwasawful.Afteranhour,Iwhisperedtomywife,“Comeon,let’sgohome.”Shereplied,“Noway.We’renotthrowingawaythirtydollars.”“That’snoreasontostay,”Iprotested.“Themoney’salreadygoneregardlessofwhetherwestayorleave.Thisisthesunkcostfallacy(谬误)atwork!”ButshejuststaredatmeangrilyandIhadtosinkbackdowninmyseat.Thesunkcostfallacyismostdangerouswhenwehaveinvestedalotoftime,money,energy,orloveinsomething.Thisinvestmentbecomesareasontocarryon,evenifwearedealingwithalostcause.Themoreweinvest,thegreaterthesunkcostsare,andthegreatertheurgetocontinuebecomes.Thesunkcostfallacyisfrequentlyseenininvestors.Oftentheybasetheirtradingdecisionsonacquisitionprices.“Ilostsomuchmoneywiththisstock(股票).Ican’tsellitnow,”theysay.Thisisunreasonable.Theacquisitionpriceshouldplaynorole.Whatcountsisthestock’sfutureperformance.Strangely,themoremoneyastockloses,themorelikelyinvestorstendtostickbyit.Thisbehaviorisdrivenbyaneedforconsistency.Afterall,beingconsistentmeansbeingreliable.Wereallydislikeitwhenthingsdon’tmatchup.Ifwestopaprojecthalfway,weadmitthatweoncethoughtdifferently.Carryingonwithameaninglessprojectdelaysthispainfulrealizationandkeepsupappearances.“We’vecomethisfar...”“I’vereadsomuchofthisbookalready...”“ButI’vespenttwoyearsdoingthiscourse...”Ifyourecognizeanyofthesethoughtpatterns,itshowsthatthesunkcostfallacyisatworkinacornerofyourbrain.Ofcourse,theremaybegoodreasonstocontinueinvestinginsomething,butmakesurenotforthewrongreasons,suchastomakenon-recoverableinvestmentslookreasonable.Wisedecisionmakingrequiresyoutoforgetaboutthecostsinthepast.Nomatterhowmuchyouhavealreadyinvested,onlyyourassessmentofthefuturecostsandbenefitscounts.5.Whydoestheauthormentionhisfilm-watchingexperience?A.Todescribeascene. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tostatethewritingpurpose. D.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.6.Howareinvestorsaffectedbythesunkcostfallacy?A.Theykeepholdingthefallingstock. B.Theybecomemoreconfidentinthestock.C.Theyvaluethestock’sfutureperformance. D.Theyignoretheacquisitionpriceofthestock.7.Whatmattersinmakingdecisionsaccordingtotheauthor?A.Evaluatingthelostcosts. B.Focusingonconsistency.C.Seekinghelpfromothers. D.Weighinguppotentialprofits.【答案】5.B6.A7.DCOnerecentreportfoundthatadultsintheUSchecktheirphones,onaverage,344timesaday—once