2024海上风电变压器安装及维护

OperationandMaintenanceforoff-shorewind Tableof目前 Scope范 Handling搬 InstallationofTransformer变压器安 Storage存 PeriodicalInspection定期检 InspectionbeforeTransformerRe-Start变压器重启前检 Checkingforleaksandcleanliness泄漏和清洁检 Transformertanks,coversandpipes油箱、箱盖和油 Coolingsystemwithpipe油管冷却系 Oillevelindicators油位 Bushingsandprotectiondevice套管及保护装 Maintenanceproceduresfortheinsulatingoil绝缘油维护程 Deteriorationoftheinsulatingoil绝缘油劣 Preventingthedeteriorationoftheoil防止油劣 Evaluationofthedeteriorationofdielectricoil绝缘油劣化评 Safetymeasureusing“MIDEL”7131insulatingfluid使用麦道7131绝缘液的安全措 Maketheoilsampleanalysis取油样化 Maintenanceandinspectionofthebushings套管的维护与检 Inspectionduetoexcessivepartialheatings局部发热检 Localdamagesinspection(fissures)onthebushings套管上的局部损坏检 Storage存 Maintenanceandinspectionofthecoolingequipment冷却设备的维护与检 Oiloutlettemperature/wateroutlettemperature出油口温度/出水口温 meterandoilflowmeter水流计和油流计 Oilcirculatingpumps油循环 Maintenanceandinspectionofthemonitoringdevices监控设备的维护与检 Maintenanceandinspectionofthebuchholzrelay对气体继电器的维护与检 Maintenanceandinspectionofthepressurereliefdevice压力释放阀的维护与检 Maintenanceandinspectionofoillevelgauge油位计的维护与检 Maintenanceandinspectionofthethermometers温度计的维护与检 Maintenanceandinspectionofthe Maintenanceandinspectionofgaskets密封件的维护与检 Installationofgaskets密封件的安 Methodsofjoiningorconnectinggaskets密封件的连 Workinstructions工作指导说 Maintenanceandinspection维护及检 G×opeInthispartofthemanualtheoperatinginstructionsandmaintenanceissupplied.Ourintentionistoprovidethenecessaryassistancetothemaintenancepersonneltofacilitateaperiodicinspectionofthetransformerandtoindicatethestepsthattheyshouldfollowtoeffectamoredetailedexaminationoftheactivepartincasethatisrequired.HandlingThetransformerisshippedinawooden×asetofa×ilitatethene×essaryuseofa×ranewhenunloading.UnloadingtheunitusingaforkliftisNOTre×ommendedbe×ausetheunit’sweightisoftene××essiveandthe×oolingradiators×anbeeasilydamaged.Thetransformermustbehandledinthenormaluprightpositiontoavoidinternalstressesonthe×oreand×oilmountingassemblyandalsotopreventthetrappingofairinthewindings,whi×h×ould×reateseriousproblemswhenthetransformerisenergized.Thetransformer’sweightislistedonthenameplate(lessthan12MT).免线圈中积留气泡，导致变压器在通电时出现问题。变压器重量应标注在铭牌上（12吨）。Liftinglugsaredesignedforverti×alstrainonly,andareprovidedforlifting×ompletetransformer.Liftinglugsandeyesaredesignedforliftingwithama×imumslingangleof30°fromverti×al.Forliftanglesgreaterthan30°fromtheverti×al,spreadbarsmustbeusedtoprovideaverti×alliftonthelugs.30°。如果与30°，必须使用特殊工具如分散棒使其能够垂直起吊。LiftingTool(Red（红色标记Remark:Liftingtoolsaretemporallyusedfortransportationandliftingonly.ItwillberemovedafterLiftingAlwaysAlwayshandlethetransformerinthenormal,uprightpositiontoavoidinternalstressesonthecoreandcoilassembly.变压器起吊一定要垂直起吊，避免铁芯和线圈内部应力。Keepallunnecessarypersonnelawaywhilehandlingandmovingthetransformer.Failuretofollowtheseprecautionswillresultinseriousinjury.Ja×kingmaybea××omplishedatthe×ornersoftheja×kingplate.Donotattempttoraisethetransformerbypla×ingja×ksunderdrainvalves,pipe×onne×tionsorotheratta×hments.Allja×kingpadsmustbeusedwhenthetransformeristobeja×ked.Neverattempttoliftthetransformerbyusing×ranesorja×ksonanypartofthetransformerotherthanthefittingsprovidedforthispurpose.Ifthetransformer×annotbehandledbya×rane,itmaybeskiddedormovedonrollers,but×aremustbetakennottodamagethetankbasestru×ture.Whenrollersareused,skidsmustbeusedtodistributestressoverthetankbase. PleaseseethefollowingdrawingstofindtherightwaytoliftthewholeDoor KeepallunnecessarypersonnelawaywhilehandlingandmovingtheInstallationofTransformerIfthetransformeristobeinstalledinacompartmentorvault,provideadequateventilationtoavoidoverheating.Watercoolingsystemshallbeefficientwhiletransformercoolingbywater.Provideastrong,levelfoundationpreferablyofreinforcedconcreteinalocationthatwillinsureadequateair/watercirculationandaccessibilityforinspectionandmaintenance.KeepTransformerDonotplaceTransformerfacedownoronanincline.Providefoundationholesbeforeattachingtheanchor-bolts.Prepare4holesfortheanchorbolts.Placethetransformerontopofthefoundation.Lineuptheeyesofthetransformerwiththefouranchorboltholes.Inserttheanchorboltintotheholethroughtheeyes.Taketherollersawayfromtankbeforethisworkifrollersisthere.Makecertainthatallelectricalconnectionsareproperlytightenedandinsurethattherearenostrainsontheterminalswhichcouldcauselooseconnections.Providesufficientflexibleleadstoavoidmechanicalstrainscausedbyexpansionandcontraction.Inspectthebushingperiodicallyforbrokenorcrackedporcelainandfaultygaskets.Asuitablecablesupporttofixthecablesisnecessary.Pleasenote“IfthecablesstrainsontheBushings,itwillcausebushingbrokenoroilleakage.”FracturedBushingsmustbereplaced. ConnectionofcablesandcoolingsystemmustaccordingtodrawingdimensionCableCableTerminalswhichareconnectedwithtransformershallbeearthedproperly.GtorageIfstorageoftransformerisnecessary,chooseapermanentlocationonaconcretepad.Ifalevelconcretepadisnotavailable,thenapalletofadequatestrengthwillprovideasuitablemeansofkeepingtheunitfromdirectcontactwiththeground.Adequateventilationshouldbemaintainedbeneaththetransformer.Thetransformershouldnotbestoredinthepresenceofcorrosivegasessuchaschlorine,acidfumes,etc.Exteriorsurfacesofthetransformershouldbeprotectedagainstrustandcorrosion.Periodicallyinspectthestoredtransformerlikewisetoatransformerinoperation.Insurethataneffectivepressuresealismaintainedandcheckforleaksandanyrustspots.Thefollowingitemsshallbeinspectedperiodicallyduringthetransformerstored.InspectionItemsInspectionTankoilleakageoncehalfrustonce TemperatureRustandwateronceonceOilLevelGaugeoillevel(seepage油位（14页oncehalfBushingonceoncehalfControlBoxwateronceonceAttheendofthestorageperiod,samplesofoilshouldbedrawnfromthebottomofthetransformerandtestedfordielectricstrength,powerfactor,andwatercontent.Makeinsulationresistancemeasurements(megger)andconductpowerfactortestsoneachwindingtootherwindingsandtogroundandfromallwindingstoground.Ifalltestsaresatisfactory,thetransformershouldbeplacedonitspermanentfoundationandassemblyandinstallationcompleted.Ifinstallationwascompletedbeforestorage,thetransformercannowbeenergized.AcceptanceAcceptanceexaminationshouldbeperformedonlybyqualifiedFailuretofollowtheseprecautionswillresultinseriousTransformertanks,×oversandpipesAllflanges,sealsandweldsmustbecheckedforoilLeaks,ifany,mustimmediatelybesealedbyre-tighteningthescrews,byreplacingthesealsorbywelding.Allapplicableaccidentpreventionregulationsmustbeobserved,inparticularthefireprotectionmeasuresforworkonoil-immersedtransformers.CoolingsystemwithpipeAllflanges,sealsandweldsmustbecheckedforoilPayattentiontotheleakagealarmforoilandwatercooler.Oncetheleakagehappens,thecoolermustbedisconnectedandrepaired.ValvesandfittingsAllvalvesandfittingsmustbecheckedforoilleaks.Leaksinthestuffingbox,ifany,mustbesealedbytighteningthecompressiongland.Theoillevelsintheconservatormustbecheckedbyreferencetotheoillevelindicators.Theymustcorrespondtothetemperaturemarkingsontheindicators,dependingonthetransformeroiltemperature.Iftheoillevelistoolow,thefaultcausingthislossofoilmustbeeliminatedandnewdriedoilrefilled.Theoilgradetobeusedisspecifiedontheoilinspectioncertificateoronthe Bushingsandallprotectiondevicesmustbecheckedforleaksandcorrosion.CleanairventsandoilTomaintainthetransformerinperfectoperatingconditions,keepinmindthepreviousitems,abouttheroutineoperationandnotforgettingtogivethepropertreatmentwhensomechangeintheserviceconditionsisnoted.Itisnecessaryalsotode-energizethetransformerregularlyandconductameticulousinspection.Withthisroutineandwithregularinspection,thedegreeofdeteriorationwillbeminimized.Sinceatransformerismadeofmanyparts,suchastheinsulatingoil,thecoolingequipment,etc.mustbecheckedpermanently.OilinadditiontoservingasinsulatingmeansservestotransfertheheatgeneratedinthewindingsandthecoretowardthewallsofthetankandtheThemanufacturingtechniquesfortransformersandtheirreliabilityhavebeenimprovedtosuchdegreethattheinternalinspectionisalmostunnecessary;currentlythemaintenanceislimitedalmostexclusivelytothemaintenanceoftheoiltopreventitsdeterioration.DeteriorationoftheinsulatingoilTheinsulatingoildeterioratesgraduallywithuse.Thecausesaretheabsorptionofthemoisturefromtheairandforeignparticlesthatgetintotheoilandstarttocauseoxidation.Oilisoxidizedbythecontactwiththeairandthisprocessisacceleratedbytheincreaseinthetemperatureinthetransformerandbythecontactwithmetalssuchascopper,iron,etc.Inaddition,theoilsuffersaseriesofchemicalreactionssuchasthedecompositionandthepolymerizationthatproducesparticlesthatarenotdissolvedinoilandthatarecollectedinthecoilandwindings.Theseparticlesarecalledsediments.Thesedimentsdonotaffectdirectlythedielectricbreakdown,butthedepositsthatareformedonthewindinghinderitsnormalrefrigeration.PreventingthedeteriorationoftheoilDuetothefactthatthedeteriorationoftheoiliscausedgenerallybytheoxidation,themethodtopreventconsistsofreducingtoaminimumpossibleitscontactsurfacewiththeair.Thatiswhyaconservatortankisused.Moistureorhumidityalsoacceleratesthedeteriorationoftheoil.Toavoidthisitmustbeusedadehydratingbreather.Theidealmethodistheonethatusesanitrogenlayeroramembraneonthesurfaceoftheoiltoavoidthattheoilbeindirectcontactwiththeair.Dielectricoilisactiveundercertainlightconditions,heatandheavymetalions,toproducefreeradicalsthatcauseself-oxidation.Toavoidthisphenomenon,useadditivesthatstopanyoxidation.Themethodstodeterminedeteriorationofdielectricoilarethosethatmeasurethedegreeofoxidation,thespecificdensity,thesuperficialtension.Inaddition,itiscommonpracticetomeasurethedielectricbreakdown,itisrecommendedtomakeanobjectiveanalysisofallthesemethods.Gafetymeasureusing“MIDEL”7131insulatingfluid7131Thisconcernssaturatedpentaerythritolfattyacidesters,whicharecharacterisedbyahighfirepoint(>300℃),flashpoint(>250℃)andahighignitiontemperature(>375℃).Theprotectiveeffectisbasedonthefactthattheenergyofanelectricarcisinsufficienttoignitetheinsulatingfluidinthetransformerorthatanexogenousthermalpoweroveradeterminedtimeperioddoesnotcausethetemperatureoftheinsulatingfluidtorisecritically.300℃，闪点375℃ MaketheoilsampleanalysisAtleastonceayear,oilsamplesaresampledfromthesamplingvalveatthebottomofthetransformertomonitortheperformanceandchangetrendoftheinsulatingfluid,andtodeterminetherunningstateofthetransformer.Theexcessiveheatingoftheterminalsinmostcasesisduetoloosening.Ifthisconditionisobserved,eliminatethedustordirtfromthepartsfromcontactandtightenfirmly.Thecleaningofthebushingsmustbedoneaccordingtowhatwasmentioned.Ifthedamagesareveryseriousitmustbereplacedwithnewones.GtorageKeepthebushingsinaverticalpositionandinadryplace.Itisrecommendedtokeepthemintheiroriginalpackaging.Thecoolingequipmentisthemostimportantpartinthenormaldailyoperationofatransformer.Itisnecessaryaspecialcareforitsmaintenanceandinspection,sinceanyabnormalitycanreducetheusefullifeofthetransformerorcauseseriousdefects.Oiloutlettemperature/wateroutlettemperatureReadandnotedowntheoutlettemperaturesineachcoolingcircuit.Monitortheoilandwaterpressureofeachcoolingcircuit.WatermeterandoilflowmeterCheckthewatermeterandoilflowmetertoensurethattheflowiswithinthespecifiedBeforestartingworkonoilcirculatingpumps,pleaseensurethatthepumpsareswitchedoffandsecuredagainstrestarting.Thisrelayismadetoprotecttheoilimmersedtransformeragainstinternaldefects.Installedattheupperpartoftheconservator.Theoperationoftherelayisdividedintoafirstphase(minordefects)andasecondphase(forseveredefects);thefirstisusedforthealarm,andthesecondfortheshutdownofthetransformer.Itsstructurepresentstwoflotationdevices,oneintheupperpartandotherinthelowerpartofasteelbox(oilchamber)andtheyarefixedinsuchawaythateachfloatationdevicecanturn,beingtheirrotationcenterthesupportbeamoraxle.Eachflotationdevicehasaswitchandthecontactsareclosedwhentheflotationdeviceturns.Iftheorganicstructuralmaterialsofthetransformerareburntorproduceagascausedbyasmallflashover,thiswillremainintheinternalupperpartofthebox.Whenthevolumeofthegassurpassesthefixedvolume(approximately150to250cc)theflotationdeviceofthefirstlowphaseandthecontactsareclosed,triggeringoffthealarmsystem.络引起的气体，则会保留在此继电器的内部上方。当气体体积超过固定体积（150〜250毫升）时，Thelowerfloatationdevicethatisforthesecondphaseclosesthecontactsandsetsoffthealarmsystem,orturnsoffthecircuitswitchwhenanarchisoriginatedintheinteriorofthetransformerandgasandoilvaporsareproducedquickly,forcingthemovementoftheoil.Atthesametime,ifthetransformerleaks,thereisairintothetransformer,itwilltriggertherelayaction.OnonesideoftheboxoftheBuchholzrelay,thereisaninspectionwindowthatallowstoobservethevolumeandthecolorofthegasproduced,andtoextractsamplestoevaluatethecauseandthedegreeofthefailure.ThemodernBuchholzrelaycomeswithmicro-interruptermagneticcontacts.Also,todaythereisawholearrayofrelayswithmercurycontacts.Themercurycontactsshouldbehandledwithextremecare,sincetheycanbebrokenwhentherearevibrations.Asaroutine,examineforoilleaksandthegasproductionfromtherelay.Ifgasisfound,takeasampleandhaveitanalyzed;also,verifytheoillevelintheconservator.果发现气体，取样并进行分析;同时，确认储油柜的油位。Cleanthecrystalfromtheinspectionwindow,checktheinteriorandverifyiftheflotationdeviceismovingfreely,withthesupportarmasitsrotationcentertoregularintervals.Thepressurereliefdevicewithcontactalarmtriggersthealarmwhentheneedleoftheswitchmoves.Itisplacedbymakingcontactwiththeexpansionplate;theadjustmentspringandthecontactsofthemicro-switchareinrelationwiththeelevatorthatisrelatedatthesametimewiththeinterrupter’sWhenthereisanaccident,theinternalpressureincreasesandpushesthevalveout,makingtheneedleoftheswitchmove,andthenitpushesandbendstheexpansionplate.Whenthepressurereachesacertainlimit,theexpansionplateisbrokenandthepressureisreleased,closing(shuttingoff)thecontactsofthemicro-switch,thatareinthestepupthatisrelatedtotheneedleoftheswitch,andthealarmsounds.Verifythereisnooilleakoraircomingoutfromthedevice. Thegaugeisplacedoutsidetheconservatoranditisofsimpleconstruction;itshowstheleveloftheoildirectly,beingabletoseeitfromtheoutside.Payattentiontoanyoilleakthatmaybevisible.Whenthecrystalisdirty,youcanwipeitoffwithaInthisgauge,therevolvingaxlehasononeendafloatationdevicethatsupportsanarmconnectedtothegaugeandontheotherextremeamagnettomaketotherotorturnandtoallowanupwardanddownwardmovementofthefloatationdevice.Whentheleveloftheoilchanges,thistriggersthesupportarmthatmakesthemagnetturnintheotherextreme,andatthesametimeittriggerstherotorthroughthedivisionwallthatitisoutsidethegauge.Theneedleindicatestheoillevel.Thegaugeneedsthesamemaintenancethatanyordinaryinstrument;furthermore,asitcomeswithametallicfloatingdevice.Itrequirescloseattentionwhenthereisaninaccuratereadingduetoanyleakageofoilintotheflotationdevice,orbyvibrations,andaboveall,whenithasbeeninusedforalongtime. Itisimportanttocheckthetemperatureofthetransformerinservice,sincethisindicatestheconditionsofoperation.Theinternalconditionsandthenormalityoftheinterior,therefore,theindicatorsthatmeasurethetemperatureshouldbecheckedandbemaintainedingoodconditions,sothattheyindicatecorrectlythetemperature.Thisisaformofpressuremeasuringdevicewithabulbthatcontainsaspecialliquidorsealedgas.Itisconnectedwithaveryfinepipetomovetheneedlebyexpansionandcontractionofthefluid;itmustbeverifiedcomparingitwithanormalthermometeronceperyearormoreoften.Also,itmustbecheckedcarefullythatitisfreeofrustintheinside,thatwaterwon’tgetin,thattheneedlemovesadequatelyandthatthealarmcontactsoperatecorrectly.Ifthecrystalisblurredbymoisturethatgetsinside,removethelidfromthecrystalandchangetheseal.Aftermanyyearsofuse,thepipeofBourdonwearsout,thesameasthesprocketandthesupport,leadingtowrongreadings;alsothemovableindicatingpartsmayfallbecauseofblowsorvibrations.Theguidingpipelinegenerallyisdoubleandtheconnectionwiththemeasuringdeviceisseparatedorisbrokeneasily.Therefore,itisnecessaryacarefulhandlingofthedialtypethermometer,ifitistoberemovedduringtheinspectionofthetransformer.CheckthatthealarmcontactshavebeenmadeBourdon管、链齿轮及其他部件的老化，导致读数不正确。可移动指示部件也会 Thesedevicesaremadetoeliminateanymoistureanddustthatentersthetransformers,withtheairflowresultingfromthefluctuationintemperatureoftheoilfromthetransformer;itisplacedbetweentheairductofthetransformerandtheatmo