牛津译林版（2019）必修3《Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Section Ⅰ》2024年同步练习卷

牛津译林版（2019）必修3《Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldSectionⅠ》2024年同步练习卷一、阅读理解1．Throughouthistoryscientistshaveriskedtheirhealthandtheirlivesintheirsearchforthetruth.SirIssacNewton，theseventeenthcenturyscientistwasverysmart，butthatdidn'tstophimfromdoingsomeprettystupidthings.InhislaboratoryinCambridge，whiletestinghowlightpassesthroughlenses（晶状体），heputalongneedleintohiseye，andthenmoveditaroundjusttoseewhatwouldhappen.Luckily，therewasnolastingbadeffect.Onanotheroccasion，foraslongashecouldbear，todiscoverwhateffectthiswouldhaveonhissight.Toescapesufferingpermanentdamage，hehadtospendsomedaysinadarkroombeforehiseyesrecovered.Inthe1750s，theSwedishchemistKarlScheele，wasthefirstpersontofindawaytoproducephosphorus（磷），infact，discoveredeightmorechemicalelements（氯），thoughhedidn'tgetanyplaceforthem.Hewasaverycleverscientist，buthehadastrangehabitoftastingalittleofeverysubstancehestudied.Thisriskypracticefinallycaughtupwithhim.In1786，surroundedbyalargenumberofdangerouschemicals，anyofwhichmighthavebeenresponsibleforhisdeath.EugeneShoemakerwasarespectedgeologist，hespentalargepartofhislifestudyingcraters（陨石坑），andhowtheywereformed，heandhiswifewereintheAustraliandesert，wheretheywenteveryyearsearchforplaceswherecometsmighthavehittheearth.WhiledrivingintheTanamdesert，anothervehiclerushedintothem，andShoemakerdiedonthespot.Someofhisashes（骨灰），aspacecraft，andheistheonlypersonwhohasthishonor.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"permanent"inParagraph2mean？A．Brief.B．Slight.C．LastingD．Ordinary.（2）WhatdidKarlScheelelikedoingwhenperformingexperiments？A．Tastingchemicals.B．Stayingintheemptylabs.C．Experimentingindarkness.D．Workingtogetherwithothers.（3）WhatspecialhonorwasShoemakergivenafterhisdeath？A．HewasburiedintheTanamidesert.B．Someofhisasheswereplacedonthemoon.C．OnecometofJupiterwasnamedafterhim.D．AspacecraftcarryinghimtravelledaroundJupiter.（4）Thetextismainlyaboutthreegreatscientists'.A．specialhonorsB．greatachievementsC．famousexperimentsD．sufferingintheirresearch2．JaneGoodallisbestknownforher26﹣yearstudyofthechimpsinthewild.There，shemadeseveralrevolutionarydiscoveriesthatmadeheroneofthegreatestfieldscientistsofthe20thcentury.BorninLondonin1934，theexpectationsforJanewerestandardforthetime：amarriagetoaniceman，followedbyafewchildren.Fortunately（幼虫）tobed；ratherthanscreaming，andtogether，theytookthembacktothegarden.JanewasabookwormwhoadmiredDoctorDolittleandlovedtheTarzannovels.Readingdiditsusuallyquietbutlife﹣changingthing：JanedevelopedadreamtogotoAfricaandliveamongthewildanimals.JanerealizedherdreamonJuly14，1960whenshearrivedatGombeStreamGameReservetostudythechimps.However，fortwomonths，runningawayfromher."ThemoreIthoughtofthetaskIhadsetmyself，themorediscouragedIbecame，"JanewroteinherfirstbookEventually，shebecamefamiliarwithamalechimpandhisbigfamily.Sheobservedthemkiss，hug，andshaketheirfingersateachother.Shewatchedthemactveryhuman﹣like.Oneday，movingquietlythroughthejungle，Janesawthemalechimpsitbesidealargetermitemound（白蚁土堆）Inanycase，Jane'sdiscoverybecamethetalkofthescientificworld.Harvard'sStephenJayGouldobserved，"Wemustnowre﹣thinkwhatthewords'tool'and'man'meanoracceptchimpsashumans."（1）WhatdidJane'smotherdowhenshefoundthewormsonthebed？A．Shestudiedthemcarefully.B．Sheshoutedatherdaughter.C．Shethrewthemintothegarden.D．Sheexplainedtheylikedthesoil.（2）WhichisthemajorreasonthatmadeJanedreamtoworkinthewild？A．DoctorDolittle'sinvitation.B．Herinterestinchimps.C．Thereadinginherchildhood.D．Hermother'sencouragement.（3）HowdidJanefeelduringthefirsttwomonthsinAfrica？A．Lonely.B．Frightened.C．Hopeless.D．Content.（4）WhatdidStephenJayGould'swordsimply？A．Chimpsshouldbeacceptedashumans.B．Jane'sdiscoveryisofgreatimportance.C．Onlyhumanbeingsknowhowtomakeuseoftools.D．Thescientistsshouldconfirmthemeaningofthewords.二、信息匹配3．CharacteristicsofanexcellentscientistTheFreeDictionarydefines（定义）ascientistasapersonhavingprofessionalknowledgeononeormoresciences，especiallynaturalscienceorphysicalscience.（1）Let'slookatsomecharacteristicsofanexcellentscientist.Curiosity（2）ScientistssuchasThomasEdisonandGeorgeWestinghousediscoveredthingsmainlybecausetheywantedtoknowhowthingswork.Ifascientistdoesn'thavethedrivetoaskquestionsorevenwonder，thenhe/shenevergetstothefirststageofthescientificprocess.Patience（3）Thereareveryfewjobsthattakelongerthanthisone.Evenifyouthinkyouhavereceivedsomeeducationonscience，youstillhavealotofscientificresearchtodo.Ifyou'reaninstant﹣gratification（及时满足的）typeofpersonEthical（道德的）qualitiesInordertotrulydiscoveranduseknowledgeforthegreatergood，ascientistmusthaveadesiretoimprovepeople'slifeaswellastheenvironmentandlivingthings，sincetheyarealllinkedandtheycanaffectoneanotherinthelongrun.Ascientistmustreportfindingshonestlyregardlessofpersonaloroutsidecommercial（商业的）（反驳）byevidenceisdishonest.（4）WorkinghabitsAnexcellentscientisteventakesnotesofthesmallestobservation，keepingitinmindandrecordingit.（5）He/Shealsoneedstocommunicatethoughtsonpaperandverbally.Networkingskillsconnecthim/herwithcolleaguesworkingonsimilarprojectswherehe/shemaydiscoversomethingnew.A.Becomingascientisttakesalongtime.B.Anexcellentscientistmustbeverycuriousaboutthings.C.Italsodefinesascientistassomeonewhousesscientificmethods.D.However，thatbeliefshouldn'tbechangedwithoutpowerfulevidence.E.He/Shecanworkwellaloneoringroups，dependingonwhat'sneeded.F.Tomakediscoveriesinhumanknowledge，youhavetothinkdifferently.G.Oneofthemainplacesthatmanyscientistsworkinistheresearchlaboratory.三、单词拼写4．Therecanbenodoubtthatyouwillsucceedinyour（科学的）research.5．Hecouldfacea（控告）ofillegallyimportingweapons.6．Allapplicantswillbeconsideredregardlessofage，sex，religionor（国籍）.7．Hemaystillfacecriminal（指控）.8．He（砰地关上）thedoorwhenthefootballmatchwaspostponed.9．It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim，butresearch（表明）thatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.10．（共和国）havepresidentswhoareelected，ratherthankingsorqueens.11．Thetrialsonpatientswerelikelytobepbecausetheydidnothavessafetydata.

牛津译林版（2019）必修3《Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldSectionⅠ》2024年同步练习卷参考答案与试题解析一、阅读理解1．【解答】（1）C.词义猜测题。根据画线词上文"Onanotheroccasionhestaredatthesunforaslongashecouldbear，他目不转睛地盯着太阳看，眼睛才恢复过来，IsaacNewton不得不在一间黑暗的房间里呆上几天，说明他的眼睛避免了遭受永久性的伤害。A.Brief.简短的；C.Lasting.永久的。故选C。（2）A.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Hewasaverycleverscientist，但他有一个奇怪的习惯。。"可知，故选A。（3）B.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Someofhisashes（骨灰）weresenttothemoonaboardtheLunarProspectorspacecraftandleftthere—heistheonlypersonwhohashadthishonor.他的一些骨灰被月球勘探者号飞船送到月球并留在那里﹣﹣他是唯一一个获得这项荣誉的人，尤金•舒梅克死后得到的特别荣誉是他的一些骨灰被留在了月球。（4）D.主旨大意题。通读全文，科学家们一直在冒着健康和生命危险寻找真相，本文主要介绍了历史上几位冒着生命和健康的危险寻找真相的科学家，故选D。2．【解答】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第二段中"OncemotherthatJanebroughtaofbedthan，shethatnewfriendstheto，and，theythemtogarden.（有一次；她没有尖叫，她的新的小朋友'需要土壤来存活。）"可知，她解释说它们喜欢土壤。（2）C.细节理解题。根据第三段中"Readingitsquietlife﹣changingdevelopedatotoandamongwild，阅读往往是平静却能改变生活的，和野生动物生活在一起，简梦想在野外工作的主要原因是她童年时代的阅读。（3）C.推理判断题。根据第五段中"'TheIthoughttheIhadmyselfmoreIbecame，'wroteherbook..."可知，我就越泄气，简在非洲的头两个月感觉很绝望。（4）B.推理判断题。根据最后一段中最后一句"'Wenowwhatwordsandmeanacceptas，哈佛大学的StephenGould说："我们现在必须重新思考'工具'和'人'的含义。"由此推断出Jay。故选B。二、信息匹配3．【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据前文TheFreeDictionarydefines（定义）ascientistasapersonhavingprofessionalknowledgeononeormoresciences，特别是自然科学或物理科学"，故选C．（2）B.细节理解题。根据下一句话ScientistssuchasThomasEdisonandGeorgeWestinghousediscoveredthingsmainlybecausetheywantedtoknowhowthingswork表示"像托马斯•爱迪生和乔治•威斯汀豪斯这样的科学家发现事物主要是因为他们想知道事物是如何工作的"，故选B．（3）A.细节理解题。根据下一句Thereare