2024-2025学年高中英语Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsSectionⅣUsingLanguage学案含解析新人教版必修3

PAGEUnit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsAVISITTOTHEMOON①LastmonthIwasluckyenoughtohaveachancetomakeatrip②intospacewithmyfriendLiYanping，anastronomer.Wevisitedthemooninourspaceship！月球之旅我的挚友李彦平是一位天文学家，上个月我有幸得到一个机会同他一起去太空旅行。我们乘宇宙飞船参观了月球！[助读讲解]①名词visit后接to，意为“到……的旅行”，to为介词。②haveachancetodosth.有机会做某事。Beforeweleft，LiYanpingexplainedtomethattheforceofgravity(万有引力)wouldchangethreetimesonourjourneyandthatthefirstchangewouldbethemostpowerful③.Thenwewereoff④.Astherocketroseintotheair，wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepull[拉(力)]oftheearth'sgravity.Itwassohardthatwecouldnotsayanythingtoeachother.GraduallytheweightlessenedandIwasabletotalktohim.“Whyisthespaceshipnotfallingbacktotheearth?OntheearthifIfallfromatreeIwillfalltotheground.”Iasked.“Wearetoofarfromtheearthnowtofeelitspull，”heexplained，“sowefeelasifthereisnogravityatall.Whenwegetclosertothemoon，weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus，butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth's.”Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloated(漂移)weightlessly(失重地)aroundinourspaceshipcabin(船舱)watchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger⑤．在启程以前，李彦平向我说明说，在我们的航行中会有三次引力的变更，而第一次的变更将是最强的。随后我们就启航了。随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力摆脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。这种引力太强了，以至于我们彼此间都不能说话了。随后，这个力气渐渐减小，我才能够同他讲话。我问道：“为什么太空船不会向后朝地球的方向落下去呢？在地球上的时候，假如我从树上掉下来，总会朝地上落下去的。”李彦平说明说：“现在我们离地球太远了，感觉不到地球的拉力，所以我们感觉似乎没有地球引力了。当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。”我马上感到很兴奋，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。[助读讲解]③explainsth.tosb.“向某人说明某事”。本句中explain的宾语是两个that从句。④beoff离开，起飞。⑤watching...为现在分词短语作伴随状语。Whenwegotthere，Iwantedtoexploreimmediately.“Comeon，”Isaid.“Ifyouareright，myweightwillbelessthanontheearthbecausethemoonissmallerandIwillbeabletomovemorefreely.ImightevengrowtallerifIstayherelongenough.Ishallcertainlyweighless！”Ilaughedandclimbeddownthestepsfromthespaceship.ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.“Ohdear，”Icried，“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged⑥.”AfterawhileIgotthehangof⑦itandwebegantoenjoyourselves.我们到达月球时，我就想马上进行探测。“来吧，”我说，“要是你讲得对，我的重量就会比在地球上小，因为月亮比地球小，而我就能更自由地活动了。假如我在月球上待的时间足够长的话，我甚至可能长得更高，我的体重确定也会变得更轻！”我笑着从飞船的梯级上爬下来。而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步伐的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。“天哪，”我大声说，“重力变更了，看来走路也的确须要练一练了。”过了一会儿，我才驾驭了走路的诀窍，这才起先感到自如了。[助读讲解]⑥动名词walking作主语，does为助动词，加强语气，意为“的确”，后接动词原形。⑦getthehangof熟识，驾驭，理解。Leavingthemoon'sgravitywasnotaspainfulas⑧leavingtheearth's.Butreturningtotheearthwasveryfrightening.Wewatched，amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth'sgravityincreased⑨.Againwewerepushedhardintoourseatsaswecamebacktoland.“Thatwasveryexhausting(使精疲力尽)butveryexcitingtoo，”Isaid.“NowIknowmuchmoreaboutgravity!Doyouthinkwecouldvisitsomestarsnexttime？”“Ofcourse，”hesmiled，“whichstarwouldyouliketogoto？”摆脱月球引力不像摆脱地球引力那样苦痛。但是返回到地球的经验却是特别吓人的。我们惊异地看着，随着地球的引力增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。当我们回到地面时，我们又感到被重重地推倒在座位上。我说道：“真是精疲力竭了，但也很激烈人心。关于引力，我现在就懂得更多了。你认为下次我们可以上星球上去参观吗？”“当然可以”，他笑着说，“你想到哪颗星球上去呢？”[助读讲解]⑧aspainfulas...“像……一样苦痛”。⑨asfire...和astheearth's...都是状语从句。第一步速读——了解文章主题和段落大意Ⅰ.速读P30－31教材课文，选择最佳答案/匹配段落大意1．Thepassagemainlytalksabout．A．whatthemoonisB．myvisittothemoonC．thedifferencebetweentheearthandthemoonD．LiYanping，myfriend，whoisanastronomer[答案]B2．Para.1 A．Wevisitedthemooninour spaceship!3．Para.2 B．Whenwegotthere，Iwantedto exploreimmediately.4．Para.3 C．Butreturningtotheearthwas veryfrightening.5．Para.4 D．Beforeweleft，LiYanping explainedtome...themostpowerful.[答案]2－5ADBC其次步细读——把控文章关键信息细读P30－31教材课文，选择最佳答案1．Whenweweregoingup，wefelt．A．wewerepressedagainstourseatsB．wewerelighterthanweareontheearthC．asifwewereflyingD．therocketwasshakingstrongly2．Whycan'tthespaceshipfallbacktotheearth?A．Becausethemoon'sgravitypullsitup.B．Becauseitistoofarawayfromtheearth.C．Becausetheearthhasnogravity.D．Becausethespaceshipisnotveryheavy.3．WhenIwasonthemoon，IfeltIwasthanIamontheearth.A．slower B．heavierC．cleverer D．lighter4．Ifababyisgrowingonthemoon，whenhegrowsup，hewillgrowthanheisontheearth.A．taller B．shorterC．fatter D．thinner[答案]1－4ABDA第三步研读——实力升华，接轨高考依据P30－31教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Lastmonth，LiYanpingandImadeatriptothemoon1.inaspaceship.Litoldmethatthegravityforcewouldchangethreetimes.First，2.whenweescapedthepulloftheearth'sgravity，wewere3.pushed(push)backintoourseats.Closertothemoon，therewas4.less(little)gravity.I5.cheered(cheer)upimmediatelyandfloated6.weightlessly(weight)aroundinourspaceshipcabin.Onthemoon，myweightwaslessthanontheearth.Walking7.did(do)needabitofpracticenowthatgravityhadchanged.AfterawhileIgotthehang8.ofitandwebegantoenjoy9.ourselves(our)．Butreturningtotheearthwasvery10.frightening(frighten)．Wewatched，amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceship.Ⅰ.单词拼法依据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1．Don'tpull(拉)sohardorthehandlewillgooff.2．Manypeopledon'tliketheclimate(气候)there.3．Thegentle(温顺的)smileonherfacerelaxesus.4．Asisknowntoall，smokingisharmfultoourhealth.5．Thesmellofnewbreadfloatedintheair.Ifelthungry.6．Thecarwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintothebackofabus.Ⅱ.拓展词汇依据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1．gentleadj.温顺的；文静的→gentlyadv.温顺地2．physicsn．物理学→physicaladj.物理的；物理学的；体力的→physicistn．物理学家3．extinctadj.灭亡的；绝种的→extinctionn．灭亡；绝种Ⅲ.补全短语依据提示补全下列短语1．blockout 拦住(光线)2．cheerup 感到兴奋；感到激昂3．getthehangof 驾驭4．breakout 突发，爆发5．watchoutfor 当心，提防Ⅳ.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1．Thatwallblocksoutallthelight.2．Abigfirebrokeoutinhishouseandhelosteverything.3．Cheerup！Wenearlyreachedthetopofthehill.背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Whenwegetclosertothemoon，weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus，butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth's.当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as意为“像……一样的……”。Pleasegivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.请赐予他们激励，让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩又充溢的生活。2.“Ohdear，”Icried，“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”“天哪，”我大声说，“重力变更了，看来走路也的确须要练一练了。”nowthat既然，引导缘由状语从句，口语中that可省略。Nowthatyouhavegrownup，youshouldnotrelyonyourparents.既然你长大了，就不应当依靠你的父母了。pulln．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力(教材P30)Astherocketroseintotheair，wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth'sgravity.随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力摆脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。pulldown 拆毁；拆掉(建筑物)pullin 进站停靠；驶向路边(或某处)停靠pullout 拿出；取出；离站；(使)摆脱逆境pullup (使车)停住，停下①Theywrappedoneendofaropearoundtheblockandpulled.他们用绳子的一端绑住石头然后拉。②Afterhewaitedfortwohours，thetrainfinallypulled(pull)in.他等了两个小时后，火车最终进站了。[巧学助记]对比记忆push/pull推push拉pullcheer(sb.)up感到兴奋；感到激昂(教材P31)Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.我马上感到很兴奋，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。(1)cheersb.on (赛跑竞赛中)以喝彩声激励某人； 为某人加油(2)cheerfuladj. 欢乐的；兴奋的；兴致勃勃的cheeringn. 欢呼，喝彩adj. 令人激昂的，令人兴奋的cheersint. (用于祝酒)干杯；再见；感谢①Itriedtocheerherupbytellingherthegoodnews.我把这个好消息告知了她，想使她兴奋起来。②Cathydidn'texpectanyawardbutwasstilltheretocheeronherfriends.凯西没有期盼任何嘉奖，但是照旧在那里为挚友们加油鼓劲。③Sheissocheerful(cheer)thateveryonelikesher.她是一个欢乐的女孩，每个人都喜爱她。[语境助记]Thecheeringnewsmadetheboycheerful，whichmadehisparentscheeruptoo.这个令人激昂的消息使得这个小男孩兴奋起来，他的父母也感到兴奋。[图形助记]breakout(斗争、火灾、疾病、争吵等)突然发生；爆发(教材P31)Wewatched，amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth'sgravityincreased.我们惊异地看着，随着地球的引力增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。breakdown 出故障；失败；垮掉；垮下来；分解breakin 破门而入；打断(谈话等)breakinto 强行闯入；突然……起来breakup 解散；打碎；驱散①TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutinSeptember，1939.其次次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。②Thethiefbrokeintomyhouseandstolemymoney.小偷破门而入我家，偷了我的钱。③ThecomputersystembrokedownsuddenlywhilehewassearchingforinformationontheInternet.他正在网上搜信息时电脑系统突然出故障了。watchoutfor亲密留意；当心；提防，留意Watchoutforthehaze；itmaydogreatharmtous.当心这种雾霾天气，它可能对我们造成很大的损害。(1)watchout 当心；当心watchover 照看；看管(2)lookout＝takecare＝becareful 留意，当心①Ithinkyoushouldwatchoutforthatman—don'tbecheatedbyhim.我认为你应当当心那个人，别被他骗了。②Itwasmydutytowatchoverthechildren.照看那些孩子是我的职责。(教材P31)Whenwegetclosertothemoon，weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus，butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth's．当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。asstrongapullastheearth's属于“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as”结构，意为“像……一样的……”，其中的名词必需是可数名词的单数形式，此结构用于否定句中可用“notso/as...as...”结构。as...as...结构的详细形式有：as/so＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋as...像……一样的……as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as...像……一样……eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(as/somuch＋不行数名词＋as...,as/somany＋可数名词复数＋as...))和……一样多①Heissocleveraboyaseveryonelikes.他是一个人人都喜爱的聪慧孩子。②Hisbedroomisnotas/soneatashiseldersister's.他的卧房没有他姐姐的整齐。③You'vemadeasmanymistakesasIhave.你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。(教材P31)“Ohdear，”Icried，“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”“天哪，”我大声说，“重力变更了，看来走路也的确须要练一练了。”(1)nowthat在意思和用法上同since，引导缘由状语从句，口语中that可省略。(2)引导缘由状语从句的连词还有：since，because，as，considering(that)，seeingthat，inthat等。(3)引导缘由状语的短语：dueto，thanksto，becauseof，asaresultof，owingto，onaccountof等。①Nowthateveryoneishere，let'sbeginourmeeting.既然大家都到齐了，我们就起先开会吧。②Sincetheprofessor'slectureisveryinteresting，whynotgoandattendit?既然教授的报告很好玩，为什么不参与呢？③Seeing(see)thatnobodywasathome，Ihadtoleave.由于没人在家，