浙江省91高中联盟2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考考试英语试题

20232024学年高二下开学外语语言能力检测一、阅读选择（共20题，50分）AWritingContest:TellAStoryIt'sNationalTellaStoryMonth,andwe’reexcitedtohearyours!Forthiscontest,submityourbestfictionalstories.Yourstorieswillbejudgedbasedonimagery,noveltyandoriginality.Thereisnospecificgenre(体裁)foryourstory.Sogoaheadandgettowriting.Wecan'twaittoreadwhatyouhaveinstoreforus.Deadline:October1,2023Rules:*Youmustbeateen(aged1319)withaTeenInkaccounttoenter.*Noinappropriatecontent.*Submissionsmustrelatetothetopic(Astory).GuidelinesandDetails:*Yourentrymustbebetweenabout515minutes(pages)long.*Thereisnolimittothenumberofplaysyoucansubmit.HowtoSubmit:*Submitentriesthroughourwebsite.AllentriessubmittedtoTeenInkareautomaticallyconsideredforthecontest.Seeoursubmissionguidelinesformoreinformation.*SubmityourworktotheFictioncategoryofTeenInk.Youcanfindthisselectionafterselectingtheinitial“Article/Poetry”submissiontype.*Important!!Wegetalotoffictionsubmissionseverymonth.Ifyouwanttosubmityourworkforthiscontestinparticular,includethewords“TellAStory”inyoursubmission’stags(标签).Youcandothisbyusingthe“additionaltags”fieldinyoursubmissionform.Prizes:*Winner(andhonorablementions,ifspaceallows)willhavetheirscriptspublishedinTeenInkmagazine.*Theoverallwinnerwillreceivea$25Amazongiftcard.1.Whatisacriterionusedtoevaluatetheentries?A.Itshouldbeatruestory. B.Itscontentshouldbecreative.C.Itsthemeshouldbeaboutteens. D.Itshouldfollowaparticulargenre.2.Whichofthefollowingwillleadtofailedparticipation?A.Beinga10yearoldgirl. B.Writinganentryof10pages.C.SubmittingbeforeOctober1,2023. D.ChoosingtouseaTeenInkaccount.3.What'sthepurposeofwritingthetext?A.Toinformteenagersofacontest. B.ToencouragetheuseofTeenInk.C.Tostressthesignificanceofwriting. D.Toselecthonorableteenagewriters.【答案】1.B2.A3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了TeenInk杂志的“讲故事比赛”的相关内容，包括评选标准、参赛规则、作品提交方式、以及获奖奖励等信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“

Yourstorieswillbejudgedbasedonimagery,noveltyandoriginality.(你的故事将根据意象、新颖性和原创性来评判)”可知，提交的故事作品将会根据意象、新颖性和原创性来评判即根据故事内容的创造力来评判。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Rules部分中“Youmustbeateen(aged1319)withaTeenInkaccounttoenter.(您必须是拥有teenInk帐户的青少年(1319岁)才能进入)”可知，年龄在1319岁之间的青少年才能参加比赛。A选项“Beinga10yearoldgirl.”不符合参赛的标准。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，文章介绍了TeenInk杂志的“讲故事比赛”的相关内容，包括评选标准、参赛规则、作品提交方式、以及获奖奖励等信息。故文章的目的是通知青少年有关比赛的消息。故选A。BAasrithaDuriseti,aneighthgradestudentatCarsonMiddleSchoolwantedtohelphergrandmotherwhostruggledtoopenbottlecaps.Shefoundasolutioninherengineeringclass,wherestudentsweretaskedwithadaptingexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithphysicaldisabilities.Aasritha’screativitykickedinassheresearchedexistingbottleopeningdevices.“Theshapeandsizeofacellphonearefamiliar,”shesaid.Tocreateabetterbottleopener,Aasrithausedapieceofwood.Itwasshapedlikeacellphone.Next,sheputthreeholesinthewood.Theholeswereindifferentsizessothattheycouldmatchmonbottlecapsizes.Eachholealsohadalayerofdriedhotglue,providingastrongholdforthebottlecaps.Withasimpletwistingmotion,hergrandmothercouldopenbottleswithoutassistance.Whileaddressingchallengesthosewithlearningdisabilities,movementchallengesandotherissuesface,studentslikeAasrithausedmorethantheirmath,physics,andtoolskills.Theyalsolearnedaboutempathy(共情).“Empathyislookingatproblemsfromanotherperson’spointofview,”Aasritha’steacher,MarkBolt,said.“It’sanimportantpartofengineering.Engineersneedtoputthemselvesintheirproductusers’shoestobuildeffectivesolutions.”Itwasempathy,whilewatchingfriendsandfamilydealwithdailytasks,thatpushedotherstudents’projects.StudentMichaelnoticedhowreadingdisordermadeitdifficultforhisfriendstofollowalongonpagesfulloftext.Theirbrainstendtoconfusetheorderofnumbers,letters,andotherimages.SoMichaelcreatedasmalladjustablewindowblindstyledevice.“Myfriendcouldseparatesmallsectionsoftextwhilereading,”hesaid.Intheprocess,studentstrieddifferentversionsoftheirproductstomakethebestonetoshowtheclass.Ratherthanhavingstepbystepdirectionsfortheprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.“Ifwewanttodobetter,wehavetohaveachancetofail,”hesaid.4.WhatmightbeasolutiontoAasritha’sengineeringclasstask?A.Toinventnewproducts. B.Tobetterwheelchairs.C.Toraisemoneyforthedisabled. D.Toteachlowergradestudentsengineering.5.Whyarethethreeholes’sizesdifferentinAasritha’sbottleopener?A.Toensureawideruse. B.Tomakethemostofspace.C.Tobeautifythebottleopener. D.Tomaketheopenereasiertohold.6.AccordingtoMarkBolt,whiledesigningproductsengineersshould_________.A.askfortheusers’advice B.bethoughtfuloftheirusersC.improvetheirworkeffectiveness D.focusmoreonthepeoplearoundthem7.WhatdoesMarkBoltthinkisimportantinthestudents’creation?A.Aimingtobethebestcreator.B.Havingroomforfreeexploration.C.Followingastrictsetofrulesandsteps.D.Servingdifferentfunctionsindifferentsituations.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了卡森中学的一名八年级学生AasrithaDuriseti发明开瓶器的故事。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Shefoundasolutioninherengineeringclass,wherestudentsweretaskedwithadaptingexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithphysicaldisabilities.(她在自己的工程课上找到了解决办法，学生们的任务是改造现有的产品，让身体残疾的人的日常生活更方便)”可推知，改进轮椅可能是Aasritha工程课上的任务。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Next,sheputthreeholesinthewood.Theholeswereindifferentsizessothattheycouldmatchmonbottlecapsizes.(接着，她在木头上钻了三个孔。这些孔的大小不同，以便与普通的瓶盖尺寸相匹配)”可知，Aasritha开瓶器的三个孔大小不同为了确保更广泛的使用。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中MarkBolt所说“Engineersneedtoputthemselvesintheirproductusers’shoestobuildeffectivesolutions.(工程师需要站在产品用户的角度来构建有效的解决方案)”可知，在设计产品时工程师应该为用户着想。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ratherthanhavingstepbystepdirectionsfortheprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.(Bolt并没有为这些项目提供循序渐进的指导，而是更愿意让学生们自由发挥自己的创造力)”可推知，MarkBolt认为在学生的创作中有自由探索的空间是重要的。故选B项。CItisgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplefrompoorersocioeconomicbackgroundstendtodolesswellintheeducationsystem.Inanattempttohelpthechildrenofpoorfamilies,anationwideprogramcalled“Headstart”wasstartedintheUSin1965.Alotofmoneywaspouredintoit.Ittookchildrenintopreschoolinstitutionsattheageofthreeandwassupposedtohelpthemsucceedinschool.Buttheresultshavebeendisappointing,becausetheprogrambegantoolate.Manychildrenwhoentereditatthreewerealreadybehindtheirpeersinlanguageandintelligenceandtheparentswerenotinvolvedintheprocess.Attheendofeachday,“Headstart”childrenreturnedtothesamedisadvantagedhomeenvironment.Toimprovetheresults,anotherprogramwasstartedinMissourithatconcentratedonparentsasthechild,sfirstteachers.Thisprogramwasbasedonresearchshowingthatworkingwiththefamilyisthemosteffectivewayofhelpingchildrengetthebestpossiblestartinlife.Thefouryearstudyincluded380familieswhowereabouttohavetheirfirstchildandrepresenteddifferentsocialeconomicstatus,ageandfamilystructure.Theprograminvolvedtrainededucatorsvisitingandworkingwiththeparentorparentsandthechild.Theprogramalsogavetheparentssomeguidance,andusefulskillsonchilddevelopment.Atthree,thechildreninvolvedinthe“Missouri”programwereevaluatedwiththechildrenselectedfromthesamesocioeconomicbackgroundandfamilysituations.Theresultswereobvious.Thechildrenintheprogramweremoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopment,problemsolvingandotherintellectualskillsthantheirpeers.Theyperformedequallywellregardlessofsocioeconomicbackgroundsorfamilystructure.Theonefactorthatwasfoundtoaffectthechild,sdevelopmentwasthepoorqualityofparentchildinteraction.Thatinteractionwasnotnecessarilybadinpoorerfamilies.The“Missouri”programparesquitedistinctlywiththe“Headstart”program.Withoutasimilarfocusonparenteducationandonthevitalimportanceofthefirstthreeyears,someevidenceindicatesthatitwillnotbeenoughtoovereeducationalunfairness.8.Whatcausedthefailureofthe“Headstart”program?A.Thelargenumberofpoorfamilies.B.Thedisapprovalfromchildren.C.Thelatestartoftheprogram.D.Thelongperiodoftime.9.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“Missouri”program?A.Itfocusedonthechildren,sfirstschoolteachers.B.Ithelpedthechildrenreturntothesamehome.C.Itmadethechildrenimprovedinmanyaspects.D.Itgavetheparentsadviceontheirdevelopment.10.Accordingtothepassage,whatislikelytoinfluencechildren,sperformance?A.Thenumberoffamilymembers. B.Theparentchildmunication.C.Theintelligenceoftheirparents. D.Theteacherstudentrelationship.11.Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?A.Bylistingfigures. B.Bymakingparisons.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Bydrawingconclusions.【答案】8.C9.C10.B11.B【解析】【分析】本文属于说明文，为了研究促进贫穷家庭孩子智力发展，分别进行了Headstart和Missouri项目进行研究，结果一个失败了，一个成功了，发现了父母与孩子的交流更影响孩子的智力发育。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段Buttheresultshavebeendisappointing,becausetheprogrambegantoolate.可知，结果不佳，因为项目开始的太晚了，故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段Theresultswereobvious.Thechildrenintheprogramweremoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopment,problemsolvingandotherintellectualskillsthantheirpeers.可知，参加了“Missouri“项目的孩子，在语言发展、问题解决和其他智力技能方面都比同龄人要高级，故可知，这个项目在多个方面让孩子提升很多，故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Theonefactorthatwasfoundtoaffectthechild,sdevelopmentwasthepoorqualityofparentchildinteraction.Thatinteractionwasnotnecessarilybadinpoorerfamilies.可知，影响孩子发展的一个因素就是父母与孩子之间交流的质量很差，而这种交流在家庭经济情况较差的家庭不一定就不如人，故可知，父母与孩子的交流更影响孩子的发展，故选B。【11题详解】写作策略题。根据文章可知，本文分别举了Headstart和Missouri项目对孩子的发展进行研究，结果一个失败了，一个成功了，发现了父母与孩子的交流更影响孩子的智力发育，故可知，作者写这篇文章是通过对这两个项目进行对比的，故选B。DThedeclineinmoralstandardswhichhaslongconcernedsocialanalystshasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation'smoralclimate,saysthisethics(伦理学)professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswilleforwardtoimproveit.Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyaregainingpopularity.“Thethoughtthat‘I’minitformehasbeedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”Ms.Elshtainsays.Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegration(瓦解)oftraditionalmunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday'sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalament(挽歌)forsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishfullongingforasmashofthediscriminationthatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.andminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.Moraldeclinewillnotbereversed(扭转)untilpeoplefindwaystoopposethematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan'tbebought.”12.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans_______.A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandardsB.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddaysC.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthingsD.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards13.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby_______.A.thegrowingwealthofthecountryB.theselfcenterednessofindividualsC.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchangesD.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities14.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalmunities?A.Greatmobility. B.Emphasisonindividualeffort.C.Concernforone’sneighbor. D.Everweakeningsocialbonds.15.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed_______.A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrightsC.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudiceD.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了美国社会的道德沦丧问题。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“ThedeclineinmoralstandardswhichhaslongconcernedsocialanalystshasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.(道德标准的下降——这个长期困扰社会分析家的问题——终于引起了普通美国人的注意。JeanBethkeElshtain就是其中之一，她很高兴。)”可知，Elshtain教授很高兴看到美国人他们意识到自己的道德标准降低了。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyaregainingpopularity.(美国社会的物质主义和个人主义越来越流行。)”和“Thethoughtthat‘I’minitformehasbeedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness.(‘我为自己而战’的想法已经深深植根于民族意识中。)”可知，美国社会的道德沦丧主要是由于个人的自我中心造成的。故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegration(瓦解)oftraditionalmunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.(她说，其中一些可以归因于传统社区的解体，在传统社区中，邻居们互相照顾。)”可知，关心邻居是传统社区的特征。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Moraldeclinewillnotbereversed(扭转)untilpeoplefindwaystoopposethematerialisminsociety,shesays.(她说，除非人们找到反对社会唯物主义的方法，否则道德衰退将无法逆转。)”可知，Elshtain认为，如果不那么重视物质的东西，目前的道德衰退可能会逆转。故选D项。七选五There’salongstandingargumentinscientificcirclesoverhowtoclassifyviruses.They’renotlifeless,becausetheymultiplyandhavegenes.Yetthey’renot“alive,”astheydon’thavecells,andcan’tsurviveontheirown.Virusesreproducebyhijacking(劫持)thehost’scells,eventuallycausingthemtoburstanddie._____16_____Inordertoprotectourselvesfromthem,wehavetoknowsomebasicfactsaboutviruses.____17____Peopleoftenthinkofjustafewviruses—influenza,HIV,andnowcoronaviruses—buttheyarethemostplentifulmicrobes(微生物)ontheplanet.Thereareabout320,000typesthatinfectmammals,butjust219areknowntoinfecthumans.Youcangetsomevirusesmorethanonce.There’sapopularmyththatonceyou’vehadavirus,you’reimmuneto(对……免疫)it._____18_____Whenyougetavirus,yourbodybuildsupantibodiestofightit.However,noteveryonemakesenoughantibodies,andtheycanwearoffovertime,whichiswhyyouneedboostershotsofsomevaccines.Youcanbecontagious(传染性的)withoutevershowingsymptoms.Somevirusescanbespreadviapeoplewhoneverhadsignsoftheillnessorwhodon’thavesymptomsyet.Somepeoplemayevenbe“superspreaders”.____19____Takeprecautionstopreventspreadingvirusesevenwhenyoudon’tfeelsick.Ifyou’reveryoverweight,youneedtobeextracautious.Obesepeoplearecontagiouswiththefluvirus42percentlongerthanthosewhoaren’tobese.Becauseobesityislinkedtomanyhealthproblems,itmayaffectyourimmunesystem._____20_____A.Butthat’snotalwaysthecase.B.Therearemanymorevirusesthanyouthink.C.Lossoftasteorsmellisanearlywarningsign.D.Extraweightmaymaketheflushot(流感疫苗)lesseffectivetoo.E.Sleepasmuchaspossibletohelpyourbodytorecover.F.That’swhyvirusesthatinfecthumansnearlyalwayscauseillness.G.Theywillinfectdozenstohundredsofotherpeoplewithoutevenrealizingit.【答案】16.F17.B18.A19.G20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有关病毒知识。【16题详解】上文“Virusesreproducebyhijacking(劫持)thehost’scells,eventuallycausingthemtoburstanddie.(病毒通过劫持宿主细胞来繁殖，最终导致宿主细胞破裂死亡)”说明，病毒的繁殖导致宿主细胞死亡，选项F“这就是为什么感染人类的病毒几乎总是会致病的原因。”和上文存在因果关系，病毒导致细胞死亡，进而导致了疾病。故选F项。【17题详解】下文“Peopleoftenthinkofjustafewviruses—influenza,HIV,andnowcoronaviruses—buttheyarethemostplentifulmicrobes(微生物)ontheplanet.(人们通常只想到几种病毒——流感病毒、艾滋病病毒和现在的冠状病毒——但它们是地球上数量最多的微生物)”说明病毒比人们想到的几种要多得多，选项B“病毒比你想象的要多得多。”概括引领下文。故选B项。【18题详解】上文“There’sapopularmyththatonceyou’vehadavirus,you’reimmuneto(对……免疫)it.(有一个受欢迎的荒诞说法，一旦你感染过某种病毒，你就对它免疫了)”和下文“Whenyougetavirus,yourbodybuildsupantibodiestofightit.However,noteveryonemakesenoughantibodies,andtheycanwearoffovertime,whichiswhyyouneedboostershotsofsomevaccines.(当你感染病毒时，你的身体会产生抗体来对抗它。然而，并不是每个人都能产生足够的抗体，而且它们会随着时间的推移而消失，这就是为什么你需要加强注射一些疫苗)”说明上下文发生转折，下文说明情况并不总是上文所说“感染过就免疫了”，选项A“但情况并非总是如此。”承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。【19题详解】上文“Somevirusescanbespreadviapeoplewhoneverhadsignsoftheillnessorwhodon’thavesymptomsyet.Somepeoplemayevenbe‘superspreaders’.(有些病毒可以通过从未有过疾病迹象或尚未出现症状的人传播。有些人甚至可能是‘超级传播者’)”介绍病毒的传播性，选项G“他们会在不知不觉中感染几十到几百人。”承接上文，和上文存在因果关系，是上文的结果。故选G项。20题详解】上文“Obesepeoplearecontagiouswiththefluvirus42percentlongerthanthosewhoaren’tobese.Becauseobesityislinkedtomanyhealthproblems,itmayaffectyourimmunesystem.(肥胖者感染流感病毒的时间比非肥胖者长42%。因为过度肥胖与许多健康问题有关，它可能会影响你的免疫系统)”介绍过度肥胖会造成健康问题，选项D“超重也可能使流感疫苗效果降低。”承接上文，说明肥胖造成的另一问题，可能使流感疫苗效果降低。上文中obesity和选项中Extraweight语义一致，故选D项。二、完型填空（共15空，15分）IwastravelingonanovernightbusinMaharashtra.Thebuswasmorethanpacked;all55seatswere___21___andthereweresome20peoplestandingintheaisle.Theairinsidewashotandfilledwithstrange,unpleasantsmells.Thehotday___22___thedisfortofthe10hourjourneyontheroughandrockyroad.BecauseIwastravelingonastudentpass,Icouldnot___23___areservedseat.Ihadnooptionbuttostand—quite___24___.Afteraroundtwolonghours,Iwasbeyondexhaustedandbored.Ikepttryingto___25___myself,shiftingmybodyweightfromonelegtotheothertomanagethedisfort.Isuddenlyfeltasofthand___26___myelbow.Turningaround,Ifoundamiddleagedmanwithakindsmilelookingupatme.HestoodupandsaidIcouldtakehis___27___forsometime.Iwaspleasantlysurprisedandimmediatelyacceptedhisoffer.After20minutes,I___28___himtotakebackhisspace.Aman,whowassittingbythewindowontheothersideofthebus,hadobservedour___29___.Justthen,somethingmagicalhappened.Ourobserver_____30_____stoodupandofferedhisseattoanotherstandingman.Thisgameofseatsharing_____31_____throughthebusand,beforelong,almostallthestandersgotachancetobeseated.Peopleevenstartedchattingwitheachotherwhileexchanging_____32_____,andsoonbegansharingjokesandsinging.Therestofthejourneywasquiteenjoyable.Thebusreacheditsdestinationintheearlymorning.Thegroupsquickly_____33_____andwenttheirway.Butthis_____34_____experiencehasstayedwithmeevenafteralltheseyears.Itrevealedtomeanimportantfactthatwecanall_____35_____whatwehave,includingourburdens,andhelpourcopassengersinthisjourneycalledlife.21.A.extended B.stolen C.occupied D.removed22.A.addedto B.belongedto C.attendedto D.turnedto23.A.admit B.fetch C.withdraw D.claim24.A.freely B.unfortably C.pleasantly D.guiltily25.A.bend B.bounce C.bow D.balance26.A.tapping B.hitting C.flipping D.dragging27.A.ticket B.seat C.venue D.chance28.A.sponsored B.instructed C.signaled D.licensed29.A.appointment B.violence C.exchange D.conflict30.A.occasionally B.especially C.properly D.voluntarily31.A.got B.spread C.saw D.went32.A.opinions B.cards C.positions D.addresses33.A.separated B.assembled C.negotiated D.resigned34.A.practical B.extraordinary C.random D.absurd35.A.reflect B.treasure C.categorize D.share【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.D26.A27.B28.C29.C30.D31.B32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述作者在Maharashtra乘坐夜间巴士的经历，展现了一个关于分享和互助的感人故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这辆巴士挤得满满当当；55个座位都坐满了人，还有大约20个人站在过道上。A.extended延伸、延长；B.stolen偷；C.occupied占据；D.removed去除。根据下文“thereweresome20peoplestandingintheaisle”可推测，55个座位都坐满了人。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：炎热天气加上在崎岖不平的道路上行驶的10小时旅程，让人感到更加不适。A.addedto增加；B.belongedto属于；C.attendedto注意、照料；D.turnedto转向。根据上文“Theairinsidewashotandfilledwithstrange,unpleasantsmells.”可知，巴士内已经非常不舒适，而炎热的天气更加增添了不适。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为我持有学生票，所以我不能要求预留座位。A.admit承认、允许进入；B.fetch取回；C.withdraw撤回、撤退；D.claim要求、主张、声称。根据上文“BecauseIwastravelingonastudentpass”可知，作者持有的学生票，所以不能要求预留座位。故选D。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我别无选择，只能站着——非常不舒服。A.freely自由地；B.unfortably不舒服地；C.pleasantly愉快地；D.guiltily内疚地、有罪地。根据上文“Thehotday___2___thedisfortofthe10hourjourneyontheroughandrockyroad.”可推测，作者此时非常不舒服，而长时间站着则让作者更加不舒服。故选B。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不断尝试着保持平衡，将身体重量从一条腿换到另一条腿，以缓解不适。A.bend弯曲、屈服；B.bounce弹起；C.bow鞠躬；D.balance平衡。根据下文“shiftingmybodyweightfromonelegtotheothertomanagethedisfort”可知，作者在努力保持平衡。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我感觉到一只柔软的手轻轻拍了拍我的胳膊。A.tapping轻拍；B.hitting打击、碰撞；C.flipping掷、翻转；D.dragging拖。根据下文“Turningaround,Ifoundamiddleagedmanwithakindsmilelookingupatme.”可推测，作者感到有只手在轻拍自己的胳膊。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他站起身来说我可以坐他的座位一段时间。A.ticket票；B.seat座位；C.venue场所；D.chance机会。根据下文“Iwaspleasantlysurprisedandimmediatelyacceptedhisoffer.After20minutes,I___8___himtotakebackhisspace.”可判断，他是让作者坐自己的座位。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：20分钟后，我示意他坐回自己的位置。A.sponsored赞助；B.instructed指导；C.signaled发信号、示意；D.licensed特许。根据空后“himtotakebackhisspace”可知，作者是向他示意坐回自己的位置。故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这时，坐在巴士另一侧靠窗位置的一个男人目睹了我们的交换。A.appointment约定；B.violence暴力；C.exchange交换；D.conflict冲突。根据上文“Iwaspleasantlysurprisedandimmediatelyacceptedhisoffer.After20minutes,I___8___himtotakebackhisspace.”可知，作者和身边的这位男士互换了座位。故选C。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们的旁观者自愿站起身，将座位让给了另一个站着的人。A.occasionally偶尔地；B.especially尤其；C.properly适当地；D.voluntarily自动地。自愿地。根据下文“Itrevealedtomeanimportantfactthatwecanall____15____whatwehave,includingourburdens,andhelpourcopassengersinthisjourneycalledlife.”以及全文内容可知，这些人都是自愿让出座位。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种让座行为在巴士上迅速传播开来，不久之后，几乎所有站着的人都得到了座位。A.got得到；B.spread传播；C.saw看见；D.went离开。根据下文“beforelong,almostallthestandersgotachancetobeseated.”可知，这种行为在巴士上蔓延开。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们在交换位置的同时开始聊天，很快就开始分享笑话和唱歌。A.opinions观点；B.cards卡片；C.positions位置、职位；D.addresses地点。根据上文“Ourobserver____10____stoodupandofferedhisseattoanotherstandingman.Thisgameofseatsharing____11____throughthebusand,beforelong,almostallthestandersgotachancetobeseated.”可知，人们一边交换座位一边聊天。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们迅速分开，各奔东西。A.separated分开，分离，隔开；B.assembled聚集；C.negotiated协商；D.resigned辞职、放弃、顺从。根据下文“wenttheirway”可知，人们迅速分开。故选A。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这次非凡的经历即使过了这么多年，仍然留在我的记忆中。A.practical实用的；B.extraordinary非凡的；C.random任意的；D.absurd荒唐的。根据下文“experiencehasstayedwithmeevenafteralltheseyears”可知，即使过了这么多年，仍然留在我的记忆中，对于作者而言这是一次美好的，非凡的经历。故选B。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它向我揭示了一个重要的事实，那就是我们都可以分享我们所拥有的，包括我们的负担，并在这段名为人生的旅程中帮助我们的同伴。A.reflect反映、反射；B.treasure珍视；C.categorize分类；D.share分享。根据上文内容可知，巴士中有座位的人主动将自己的座位提供给没有座位的人，这是一种分享。故选D。三、语篇填空(10空，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。Afte