约旦河西岸和加沙2023世行企业调查实施报告（英文）

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TheWestBankandGaza2023WorldBankEnterpriseSurveyImplementationReport

I.Introduction

ThisdocumentprovidesinformationontheWorldBankEnterpriseSurveys(WBES)implementedinWestBankandGazabetweenJune2023andAugust2023.TheWBEScollectbothobjectivedatabasedonfirms’day-to-dayexperiences,andperceptionsofenterprisesregardingthebusinessenvironmentinwhichtheyoperate.TheWBEScurrentlycoverover180,000firmsin154countrieswithatotalof306surveyssince2006.TheWBESarealsousedtobuildapanelofenterprisedatathatwillmakeitpossibletotrackchangesinthebusinessenvironmentovertime.1

Thisreportdescribesthesamplingdesignofthesurvey,thedatasetstructureaswellasadditionalinformationthatmaybeusefulwhenusingthedata,suchasinformationonsurveynon-responseandtheappropriateuseofthesamplingweights.

II.SamplingStructure

TheWBESusestratifiedrandomsampling,wherethepopulationofestablishmentsisfirstseparatedintonon-overlappinggroups,calledstrata,andthenrespondentsareselectedthroughsimplerandomsamplingfromeachstratum.ThedetailedmethodologyisprovidedintheSamplingNote.2Stratifiedrandomsamplinghasseveraladvantagesoversimplerandomsampling.Inparticular,it:

•producesunbiasedestimatesofthewholepopulationoruniverseofinference,aswellasatthelevelsofstratification

•ensuresrepresentativenessbyincludingobservationsinallofthosecategories

•producesmorepreciseestimatesforagivensamplesizeorbudgetallocation,and

•mayreduceimplementationcostsbysplittingthepopulationintoconvenientsubdivisions.

TheWBEStypicallyusethreelevelsofstratification:industryclassification,establishmentsize,andsubnationalregion(usedincombination).Startingin2022,theWBESbasestheindustryclassificationonISICRev.4(withearliersurveysusingISICRev.3.1).3Forregionalcoveragewithinacountry,theWBEShasnationalcoverage.

1A“panelinterview”referstoaninterviewwithabusinessthatwasalsointerviewedinthepreviousWBES.

2TheSamplingNoteisavailableat:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodology/Sampling_Note-

Consolidated-2-16-22.pdf.

Forfurthermethodologicalbackgroundsee,RichardL.Scheaffer;Mendenhall,W.;

Lyman,R.,“ElementarySurveySampling”,FifthEdition,1996.

3TheWBESuniverseincludes:allmanufacturing(ISIC4.0codes10-32),services(ISIC4.0codes33,41-43,45-47,49-56,58,61,62,69-75,79,95).DetailsonsectoralcoverageandtheWBESuniverseofinferencecanbefoundintheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide(p.4).

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II.1StratificationCategories

TheWestBankandGaza2021WBESusesthefollowingstratificationcategories:

•Industry:3categories:

•Manufacturing

•Retail

•OtherServices

•Size:3categories:Small(5to19employees),Medium(20to99employees),Large(100ormoreemployees)

•Region:2categories:WestBank;GazaStrip.

RegionstrataoftheWestBankandGaza2023WBESwereselectedbasedonadministrativedivisions,withsometerritoriesgroupedtogethertoachieveminimumrequiredprecisionofestimatesatthelevelofeachstratificationregion.

II.2Universe

Theuniverseofinferenceincludesallformal(i.e.,registered)privatesectorbusinesses(withatleast1%privateownership)andwithatleastfiveemployees.Intermsofsectoralcriteria,allmanufacturingbusinesses(ISICRev4.codes10-33)areeligible;forservicesbusinesses,thosecorrespondingtotheISICRev4codes41-43,45-47,49-53,55-56,58,61-62,69-75,79,and95areincludedintheEnterpriseSurveys.CooperativesandcollectivesareexcludedfromtheEnterpriseSurveys.Alleligibleestablishmentsmustberegisteredwiththeregistrationagency.InthecaseofWestBankandGaza,thedefinitionofregistrationwasdeterminedbyregistrationwiththeMinistryofFinance(الماليةة).Theuniversetableisthetotalnumberofeligibleestablishments,andthetableispartitionedbythestratificationgroups(industryclassification,establishmentsize,andsubnationalregion)inaterritory.

FortheWestBankandGaza2023WBES,theuniversetable,showninTable1below,wasobtainedfromthePCBSEstablishmentCensus,thatwasconductedin2017andsupplementedintheinterimwithPCBSrecords.ThecensusisthecompletecountofallestablishmentslocatedwithinthegeographicalboundariesoftheWestBankandGazastrip.Thesub-setcorrespondingtothestandardESuniversewasused.

II.3SamplingFrame

TheWBESrequiresthemostcompleteandup-to-dateSamplingFrame,thelistofeligibleestablishmentswithinformationonindustryclassification,size,addressandothercontactinformationthatwillbeusedtorandomlyselectthesample.IncountrieswhereapreviousroundoftheWBESexists,theSamplingFramealsoincludesthePanelSamplingFrame,whichprovidesinformationaboutalltheestablishmentsthatparticipatedinthepreviousroundoftheWBESinthecountry.

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TheSamplingFramefortheWestBankandGaza2023WBESwasconstructedfromthefollowingsources(seecountsofestablishmentsintheframeinTable2).ThePanelSamplingFramewasconstructedusinginformationonalltheestablishmentsthatparticipatedintheWestBankandGaza2019WBES.TheFreshSamplingFrame,i.e.,listofestablishmentsthatareintheWBESuniverseandthathavenotparticipatedintheWestBankandGaza2019WBES.Theframewastakendirectlyfromthe2017EstablishmentCensus,includinginterimsupplementsprovidedbyPCBS.

ForeveryWBES,necessarymeasuresaretakentoensurethequalityoftheframe;however,thesampleframesarenotimmunetothetypicalproblemsfoundinestablishmentsurveys:positiveratesofnon-eligibility,repetition,non-existentunits,etc.Giventheimpactthatnon-eligibleunitsincludedinthesampleuniversemayhaveontheresults,eligibilityadjustmentsmaybeneededwhencomputingtheappropriatesamplingweightsforindividualobservations(ifandonlyiftheweightsarecomputedthesamplingframethatisalsotheuniverse).Table4reportsresponseoutcomes.

II.4SampleDesign

TheWBESsampledesign,i.e.,targetnumberofinterviewsineachcombinationofstratificationcategories(cells),isgeneratedusingthetwoprimarycriteria:1)minimizethedifferencefromthepurelyproportionalsamplewithineachcell;and2)achieveasufficientsamplesizebystratificationcategorytoallowforestimatesofagivenlevelofprecision.4AdditionalinformationonthecriteriafordeterminingthesamplesizebystratificationcategoryisgivenintheSamplingNote,andadditionalinformationonthesampledesignisgivenintheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide.5TheoriginalsurveydesignfortheWestBankandGaza2023WBESisgiveninTable3.

III.DataCollection

ThedetailedinformationontheWBESmethodologyanddatacollectionisprovidedintheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide.TheinterviewsfortheWestBankandGaza2023WBESwereconductedbetweenJune2023andAugust2023.TheinterviewswereconductedinArabic.Formonetaryvariables,thecurrencywasIsraeliShekel(ILS).

Apartfromthechallengeswithparticipationandcall-backsthatarestandardforallsurveys,theWestBankandGaza2023WBESfacedfewnoteworthychallenges.6

4Additionalconstraintsarealsoconsideredinthedesignstage.Thesearegenerallypracticalandinclude,forexample,havingasufficientnumberofavailablecontactsinthesample.

5TheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuideisavailableat:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodology/Enterprise-Surveys-

Manual-and-Guide.pdf

6NotethatdatacollectionwasconcludedbyAugust2023,andvalidationwasconcludedinSeptember.However,duringdatapreparation,violentconflictbrokeoutinvolvingGazaandIsrael.Datacontentshouldnotbeaffectedbytheseevents,however,usersshouldbeawareofthetiming.

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III.1Questionnaire

ThestandardWBESquestionnairecoversseveraltopicsregardingthebusinessenvironmentandbusinessperformance.Thesetopicsincludegeneralfirmcharacteristics,infrastructure,salesandsupplies,managementpractices,competition,innovation,capacity,landandpermits,finance,business-governmentrelations,exposuretobribery,labor,andperformance.InformationaboutthegeneralstructureofthequestionnaireisavailableintheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide.

ThequestionnaireimplementedintheWestBankandGaza2023WBESincludedadditionalquestionstailoredfortheBusinessReadyReportcoveringinfrastructure,trade,governmentregulations,finance,labor,andothertopics.

III.2Contractor

ThefieldworkfortheWestBankandGaza2023WBESwasimplementedbythePalestinianCentralBureauofStatistics(PCBS).TheselectionfortheimplementingagencyfollowedthestandardWorldBankprocurementpracticesthataredescribedinmoredetailintheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide.

III.3Samplingandscreening

SamplesaredrawnbytheEnterpriseSurveysteaminbatches,followingthestratificationandsampledesign.ThecontractorconductedathoroughscreeningprocessbeforeschedulingtheESinterviews.ResultsofthescreeningareprovidedusingtheeligibilityandstatuscodesaslistedinTable4.Incasesofunitnon-response(eitherarefusaloraninabilitytoobtainaninterviewafterexhaustiveattempts),thecontractorproceededwiththecontactthatappearednextinthelistdrawnintherespectivecell.Theprocessofsamplingandscreeningisdescribedinmoredetailinthe

EnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide.

III.4Surveyresponse

Inallsurveys,includingtheWBES,somerespondentschoosenottoparticipate.TheEnterpriseAnalysisteamandthecontractortakeallnecessarymeasurestoboostparticipation,throughvariousmethodsofrecruitment.Thepropermanagementofthescreeningprocessandsamplereplacementensuresthattheresultingsampleremainsrandom.

Themainmeasureofsurveyparticipationistheyield,whichistheratioofthetotalnumberofachievedinterviewstothetotalnumberofcontactedestablishments.Therearetwomainelementsthatboostyields.Firstisthesurveyparticipationrate,measuredastheshareofestablishmentsthatparticipatedamongthosethatcanbeassumedtohavebeeneligible.Thesecondelementisthequalityofframe.Ifonlyasmallfractionofthecontactedestablishmentsisactuallyeligibletoparticipateinthesurvey,thenthesamplingframeisfarfromideal.ThisqualityismeasuredbytheratioofthetotalnumberofestablishmentsthatcanbeassumedtobeeligiblefortheWBESwiththetotalnumberofcontactedestablishmentsintheframe.Inotherwords:

yield=surveyresponserate*Rateofqualityoftheframe

whichcanrewrittenasfollows:

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Table5providesthesemeasuresfortheWestBankandGaza2023WBESandacrossitsstratificationlevels.

III.5AchievedSample

Tables6and7providecountoftheWBESinterviewscollectedforeachstratificationcell,i.e.,brokendownbyindustry,establishmentsize,andregion.Table6reportsfullsample,whileTable7showscountsofonlypanelinterviews.

III.6SamplingWeights

SincetheWBESusesstratifiedrandomsampling,individualobservationsshouldbeproperlyweightedwhenmakinginferencesaboutthepopulation,sinceunweightedestimatesarebiasedunlesssamplesizesareproportionaltothesizeofeachstratum.ForeachWBES,specialcareisgiventocorrectlycomputesamplingweights.WhenevertheUniverseisusedtodrawthesample(i.e.,SamplingFrameisthesameastheUniverse)itisimperativetoaccuratelyadjusttheuniversewithineachstratumtoaccountforthepresenceofineligibleestablishments(e.g.,thefirmdiscontinuedbusinesses,orisdeemedineligibleduetoitsbusinessactivityorhavingfewerthanfiveemployees).Propertreatmentofpanelestablishmentsisalsocrucial.DetailsabouthowtheWBESsamplingweightsarecalculatedaregivenintheSamplingNote.

Threeversionsofsamplingweightsarecalculated,dependingontheassumptionsthatdetermineeligibilityofestablishmentstobecountedtowardstheWBESuniverse.Theseassumptionsarecalledweak,medium,andstrong;andaredefinedasgiveninthetablebelow.PrevalenceofeachoftheseoutcomesfortheWestBankandGaza2023WBESisgiveninTable4.AllindicatorsandanalysisconductedbytheEnterpriseSurveysteamusethesamplingweightsbasedonthemedianassumption.Tables8-10reportestimateduniversebasedontherespectiveassumption.

Assumption

EligibilitycodesforinclusionintheWBESuniverse

Strict

1,2,3,4,16

Median

1,2,3,4,16,10,11,13

Weak

1,2,3,4,16,10,11,13,91,92,93,94,12

Fordescriptionsofeacheligibilitycode,seeTable4.

III.7Itemresponserates

Itemresponseratemustbedifferentiatedfromsurveyresponserates.Thelatterreferstoparticipationinthesurveyitself(seeSectionIII.4)whereastheformerreferstotheabsenceofresponsestospecificsurveyquestions.7TheWBES,asanysurvey,sufferfromitemnon-response;anddifferentstrategiesareusedbythedatacollectionteamtoaddressthis.Inparticular:

7TheWBESquestionnaireisorganizedsothatthereisalwayssomeentryinthedatabasewhenthequestionwas

posed.Anemptyentrymeansthatthequestionwasnotaskedtothecorrespondingrespondent,typically,duetoskippatterns,orlackofapplicabilityofthatquestioningeneral.

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•Forsensitivequestions,suchasoncorruptionortaxevasion,enumeratorswereinstructedtocollecttherefusaltorespond(-8)asaseparateresponsecategoryfromdon’tknow(-9).

•Establishmentswithincompleteinformationwerere-contactedtofillgaps.

Table11providesitemresponseratesforseveralkeyvariables,brokendownacrossthestratificationlevels.

III.8DatabaseStructure

TheWBESdatafilesareorganizedinwaysthatreflectthecorrespondingquestionnaire.Thevariablesthatarestandardacrosscountrieshavethefirstletterintheirnamecorrespondtothequestionnairesectionwherethevariablebelongsinthequestionnaire,i.e.,a1denotessectionA.Allvariablesarenumericwiththeexceptionofthosevariableswithan“x”attheendoftheirnames.Thesuffix“x”denotesthatthevariableisalpha-numeric.

TheWBESdatafilescontaintwoestablishmentidentifiers,idstdandid.Theformerisaglobaluniqueidentifierofeachestablishment,whilethelatterisuniqueidentifierwithineachsurvey.ThevariableidstdcanbeusedtomatchtheWBESestablishmentone-to-oneacrossdatabases.Thevariableswweak,wmedian,andwstrongcorrespondingtosamplingweightsbasedon,respectively,weak,median,andstrongassumptionsabouteligibility(seeSectionIII.6).Thevariablestratacorrespondstothestratumofeachobservation.

Additionally,theWBESdatafilescontainmanystandardvariables.Thevariabled1a2_v4denotesthemainactivityoftheestablishment,asobtainedduringtheWBESinterview,codedinthefour-digitISICRev.4.UsersshouldnotethatthisactivitymaydifferfromtheindustryclassificationgivenintheSamplingFrame,a4a.Usersaregenerallyadvisedtouseindustrycategoriesbasedontherealizedinformationind1a2_v4.Additionalsamplinginformationiscontainedinvariablesa2(region)anda6a(size).Thevariablepanelidentifiespanelestablishments,i.e.,thosethatparticipatedintheWestBankandGaza2019WBES.Thecombinationofa4a,a2,a6a,andpanelformsstratumofeachestablishment,whichiscontainedinvariablestrata.

Thelastcompletefiscalyearforeachestablishmentiscontainedinvariablesa20m(lastmonthoflastcompletefiscalyear)anda20y(lastcompletefiscalyear).

NotethatwhenanentryintheWBESdatabaseisempty,thismeansthatthequestionwasnotaskedtothecorrespondingrespondent.Thishappenswhenthequestionisdeemedinapplicable,duetoskippatternsorotherreasons.Incaseswhenthequestionwasposed,someentryisprovided,includingdon'tknow,whichisanexampleofitemnon-response.

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IV.UsefulLinks

TheusersoftheWBESdatamayfindthefollowinglinksuseful:

•SamplingNoteisavailableat:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodolog

y/Sampling_Note-Consolidated-2-16-22.pdf

•TheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuideisavailableat:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodolog

y/Enterprise-Surveys-Manual-and-Guide.pdf

•TheWBESglobalquestionnairesareavailableat:

/en/methodology

•TheprojectsthatarecurrentlybeingimplementedbytheEnterpriseSurveysteamareavailableat:

/en/methodology/current-projects

•ThelistofallWBESdatabasesanddetailedinformationabouteachisavailablehere:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodolog

y/DataDetails.xls

•ThedescriptionoftheWBESindicatorsisavailableat:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/Indicator-

Description.pdf

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FactSheet

SourceofUniverseTable

2017EstablishmentCensus(plussupplement)

SourceofSamplingFrame

2017EstablishmentCensus(plussupplement)

Stratificationsectors

Manufacturing,Retail,andOtherServices

Stratificationsizes

Small(5to19employees),Medium(20to99

employees),Large(100-199),andVeryLarge(200ormoreemployees)

Stratificationregions

WestBank;GazaStrip

Contractor

PalestinianCentralBureauofStatistics(PCBS)

Fieldworkdates

June2023-August2023

Interviewlanguages

Arabic

Surveysoftware

SurveySolutions

Currencyfornominalvariables

IsraeliShekel(ILS)

Referencefiscalyear

2022

SampleSize

Total:360Fresh:192Panel:168

Surveyresponserates

Yield:45%Responserate:62%Framequality:72%

Itemresponserates

d2:100%n2a:100%l1:100%allTFPvars.:100%

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Tables

Table1:WestBankandGaza2023WBESUniverse

Manufacturing

Retail

OtherServices

GrandTotal

WestBank

Small(5-19)

2654

1365

2472

7,292

WestBank

Medium(20-99)

343

82

326

WestBank

Large(100-199)

22

4

24

GazaStrip

Small(5-19)

757

730

1089

2,832

GazaStrip

Medium(20-99)

98

36

114

GazaStrip

Large(100-199)

3

2

3

3,877

2,219

4,028

10,124

Source:PCBSEstablishmentCensus

Table2:WestBankandGaza2023WBESSampleFrame(FreshandPanelCombined)

Manufacturing

Retail

OtherServices

GrandTotal

WestBank

Small(5-19)

647

305

416

1854

WestBank

Medium(20-99)

215

81

131

WestBank

Large(100ormore)

22

3

34

GazaStrip

Small(5-19)

118

477

126

1005

GazaStrip

Medium(20-99)

112

34

125

GazaStrip

Large(100ormore)

4

2

7

1,118

902

839

2,859

Source:PCBSEstablishmentCensus,2019WBES

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Table3:OriginalSurveyDesign(FreshandPanelCombined)

Manufacturing

Retail

OtherServices

GrandTotal

WestBank

Small(5-19)

54

45

47

235

WestBank

Medium(20-99)

18

22

14

WestBank

Large(100-199)

14

2

19

GazaStrip

Small(5-19)

6

32

12

125

GazaStrip

Medium(20-99)

24

18

23

GazaStrip

Large(100-199)

4

1

5

120

120

120

360

Table4:ResponseOutcomes

Totals

Ratesrelative

tototal

contacted

Contactsavailablein

Overall

frame

2859

Issued

1733

Contacted

649

Screening

phase

Eligibles

360

55.5%

Screenerrefusals

137

21.1%

Assumedeligibles

497

76.6%

Ineligible+outoftarget

141

21.7%

Unobtainables

11

1.7%

Interview

phase(onlyif

Interviewrefusals

0

0.0%

eligible)

Completeinterviews

360

55.5%

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Table5:SurveyYieldRates

Stratification

Yield

Survey

responserate

Framequality

Panel

Fresh

44.9%

61.9%

72.4%

Panel

76.0%

89.8%

84.6%

Size

Small(5-19)

46.6%

65.0%

71.7%

Medium(20-99)

67.4%

81.9%

82.3%

Large(100-199)

75.4%

83.9%

89.9%

Region

WestBank

101.1%

130.8%

155.5%

GazaStrip

65.9%

88.9%

74.2%

Sector

Manufacturing

62.8%

85.7%

73.3%

Retail

53.8%

72.3%

74.4%

OtherServices

51.1%

62.8%

81.3%

Overall

WestBankandGaza2023

55.5%

72.4%

76.6%

Notes:theratesarecalculatedasdefinedinSectionIII.4

Table6:AchievedTotalSample(FreshandPanelCombined)

Manufacturing

Retail

OtherServices

GrandTotal

WestBank

Small(5-19)

54

42

46

240

WestBank

Medium(20-99)

17

23

16

WestBank

Large(100ormore)

16

3

23

GazaStrip

Small(5-19)

6

32

6

120

GazaStrip

Medium(20-99)

23

19

24

GazaStrip

Large(100ormore)

4

1

5

120

120

120

360

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Table7:AchievedPanelSample

·ManufacturingRetail·