浙江省杭州市周边重点中学四校2024-2025学年高二上学期10月联考英语试题

2024学年第一学期高二年级10月四校联考英语学科试题考生须知：1.本卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟；2.答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字；3.所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试卷上无效；4.考试结束后，只需上交答题卷。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wherewillthewomanprobablygofirst?A.Toacinema.B.Toasupermarket.C.Toabank.2.Whydoesthemanrefusethewoman'srequest?A.Theheatingisbroken.B.Hecan'taffordtheheatingbill.C.Hedoesn'tliketousetheheating.3.Whatdoesthewomanmostprobablywanttodo?A.ApplytoIslandAirforthejob.B.Getsomeworkexperiencefirst.C.Takeatrainingcourse.4.Whatdoesthemanthinkofhishistoryteacher?A.Respectable.B.Annoying.C.Talkative.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Awebsite.B.Apieceofmusic.C.ATshirt.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatagegroupisthegamegoodfor?A.From10to19.B.From8to13.C.From6to12.7.WhereisBlack'sPCshop?A.OnMarsdenStreet.B.OnHunterRoad.C.NexttoWalker'sstore.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Advertiserandadvertisingagent.B.Businesspartners.C.Workmates.9.WhywasthepanyunsuccessfulinJapan?A.ThetargetgroupbetweenJapanandAmericaisdifferent.B.Thenameofthepanyscaredoffcustomers.C.Themarketingstrategiesdidn’twork.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatisthemandoing?A.Givingdirections.B.Offeringaninvitation.C.Askingforinformation.11.Whereistheregistrar'soffice?A.Oppositethelibrary.B.Intheclassroombuilding.C.Intheredbrickbuilding.12.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Havedinnerwithher.B.Showheraroundtheschool.C.Acpanyhertotheregistration.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.Whydidthemanmisshisconnectingflight?A.Hisplanearrivedlate.B.Hetookawrongplane.C.Hedidn'tcatchtheearliestflight.14.Whenwilltheman'sconnectingflightdepart?A.At3:00.B.At4:30.C.At7:00.15.Whereisthemannow?A.InMunich.B.InDenver.C.InChicago.16.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Askthetechniciansforhelp.B.Attendthemeetingonline.C.Havethemeetingvideotaped.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whoarethelisteners?A.Servers.B.Cashiers.C.Students.18.Whichismentionedbythespeaker?A.Wheretoapplyforadotjob.B.Whytochooseadotjob.C.Howtogetadotjob.19.Whatdostudentsenjoymostwhendoingdotjobs?A.Respect.B.Highpay.C.Goodexperience.20.Whydosomeuniversitystudentsdropouttostarttheirowndots?A.Dotsneedlittlemoneyandfewskills.B.Dotsdemandlittleworkingexperience.C.Dotsrequirefewformalqualifications.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFourWaysYourCatTriestomunicatewithYouCatsareamazingcreatures,andwhiletheycan’ttalktous,theycertainlyknowhowtomunicatetheirneedsandfeelings.It’sjustuptoustolearnhowtolistentowhattheyaresaying.MeowingCatsmeowattheirownersforseveralreasons,including:toaskforfood,togreetpeople,toaskforattention,toletyouknowtheywanttogooutside/einside.Inaddition,elderlycatssufferingfromcognitivedisfunction,similartoAlzheimer’sDisease(阿尔茨海默症)inhumans,maymeowduetobeingconfusedordisoriented,soweencourageyoutoscheduleanappointmentwithusifyourseniorcatseemsconfusedorismeowingmorethanusual.PurringWhilecatsdopurrasasignofcontentment,theyalsodoitasaselffortingmechanismwhensick,stressedorinjured.Ifyourcatispurringbutalsoshowingsignsthatsomethingmaybewrong,likehidingmorethanusualorrefusingfood/water,theycouldbesickorinpain.TailPostureIftheyholdtheirtailstraightupandhaverelaxedfur,they’relikelytofeelhappyorcurious.Butiftheirfurstandsonendwhiletheirtailisstraight,thisindicatesfearoranger.Holdingthetailloworhiddenbetweenthelegsindicatesinsecurity,andatailthat’srapidlytwitchingbackandforthsuggestsanxiety.RubbingWhenyourcatrubsagainstyourlegsorgivesyouheadbutts,theyaretellingyouthattheyloveyou.Thatisnottheonlythingtheyaredoing,though!Catsrubtheirbodiesandcheeksagainstpeopleandobjectstomarktheirterritoryandtoclaimhumans,othercats,andvariousobjectsastheirown.1.Whencatsaresickorinpain,whataretheylikelytodo?A.Meowattheirowners. B.Rubagainstyourlegs.C.Purrandrefusefood. D.Holdtheirtailstraightup.2.Whatmayacatshowwhenithidesitstailbetweenlegs?A.Insecurity. B.Depression. C.Curiosity. D.Happiness.3.Whoprovidesthistextmostprobably?A.Acatsitter. B.Acatowner.C.Ananimalshelter. D.Apethealthcarecentre.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了和宠物猫咪交流的四种方式。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ifyourcatispurringbutalsoshowingsignsthatsomethingmaybewrong,likehidingmorethanusualorrefusingfood/water,theycouldbesickorinpain.”（如果你的猫咪正在咕噜咕噜地叫，但同时也表现出可能出了问题的迹象，比如比平时藏得更多或者拒绝食物/水，它们可能生病了或者很痛苦。）可知，猫咪生病或很痛苦的时候，它们会咕噜咕噜叫或者拒绝食物。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Holdingthetailloworhiddenbetweenthelegsindicatesinsecurity,andatailthat’srapidlytwitchingbackandforthsuggestsanxiety.”（把尾巴放低或藏在两腿之间表示不安全感，尾巴快速来回抽动表示焦虑。）可知，当猫咪把尾巴藏在两腿之间，表示它们感觉到了不安全感。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题“FourWaysYourCatTriestomunicatewithYou”（你的猫试图和你交流的四种方式）及第一段“Catsareamazingcreatures,andwhiletheycan’ttalktous,theycertainlyknowhowtomunicatetheirneedsandfeelings.It’sjustuptoustolearnhowtolistentowhattheyaresaying.”（猫是神奇的生物，虽然它们不能和我们说话，但它们当然知道如何交流它们的需求和感受。只有我们才能学会如何倾听它们所说的话。）可知，本文主要讲述了和宠物猫咪交流的四种方式，而了解猫咪的生活特点的只有宠物保健中心的工作人员熟悉，因而文章可能是宠物保健中心的人提供的。故选D。B阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Soon,you’regoingtohavetomoveout!”criedmyneighboruponseeingthelargesttomatoplantknowntomankind,oratleastknowninmyneighborhood.Onetiny9inchplant,boughtfor$1.25inthespring,hasalreadytakenovermuchofmyrosebed,coveringmuchofotherplants,andiswellonitswaytothefrontdoor.Rosesrequireagooddealofcare,andifitweren’tforthepleasuretheygive,itwouldn’tbeworththework.Asitis,Ihaveagardenfullofsweetsmellingrosesformostoftheyear.Bushesmustbepruned(剪枝)inearlyspring,leavinguglywoodybranchesuntilthenewgrowthappearsafewweekslater.Itwasthespaceavailableinthegardenthatledmeintoplantingjustonelittletomatoplant.Abigmistake.Soilconditionsmadejustperfectforrosesturnouttobeevenmoreperfectfortomatoes.Thedailywateringcoupledwithfullsunandregularfertilizing(施肥)haveturnedthelittleplantintoatallbush.ThecageIplacedarounditastheplantgrewhaslongdisappearedunderthethickleaves.NowthetaskIfaceinharvestingthefruitistwofold.First,Ihavetofindtheredonesamongtheleaves,whichmeansIalmosthavetostandonmyhead,andoncefoundIhavetoreachdownandunder,pickthetomatoesandwithdraw(缩回)myfullfistwithoutdroppingtheprizesodearlywon.IfoundtwofullblownwhiterosespletelyhiddenasIpickedtomatoesinJune.Buttheywereweakandtheleavesalreadyyellowforlackoflight.HereIamfacedwithapainfulsmalldecision:Totearupawonderfulandproductivetomatoplantthatoffersupbetweentenandtwentyripesweettomatoeseachdayorsaygoodbyetoseveralexpensiveandtreasuredroses.LikeScarlettinGoneWiththeWindI’llthinkaboutthattomorrow.4.Whataretherequirementsforthehealthygrowthofrose?A.Frequentpruningandfertilizing.B.Alotofcareandtherightsoil.C.Tomatoplantsgrownalongside.D.Cagesplacedaroundtheroots.5.Thewriterplantedthetomatoplantbecause______.A.therewasroomforitinthegardenB.thesoilwasjustrightforitC.itcostonly$1.25D.theroses’branchesneededtobecovered6.Thisyearthewriter’sroseswere_______.A.removedfromtherosebedB.largelyhiddenunderthetomatoplantC.mostlydamagedbytoomuchsunlightD.pickedalongwiththetomatoes7.Bysaying“theprizesodearlywon”inParagraph5,thewriterwantsto_________.A.expressherlikingfortherosesB.showthehardshipofgrowingtherosesC.showthedifficultyinpickingthetomatoesD.expresshercareforthetomatoes【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者种西红柿的经历。作者在春天偶然栽种的一棵西红柿长成后个头非常大，影响到了园中的玫瑰花，作者在享受西红柿美味的同时，又难以割舍珍贵的玫瑰花，面对两种选择，作者举棋不定。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Rosesrequireagooddealofcare,andifitweren’tforthepleasuretheygive,itwouldn’tbeworththework.(玫瑰需要精心呵护，如果不是为了它带来的乐趣，它就不值得花那么多功夫)”和第四段中的“Soilconditionsmadejustperfectforrosesturnouttobeevenmoreperfectfortomatoes.(正好适合玫瑰生长的土壤条件对番茄来说更完美)”可知，玫瑰健康生长需要大量的照料和正确的土壤。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。从第三段倒数第二句“Itwasthespaceavailableinthegardenthatledmeintoplantingjustonelittletomatoplant.(是因为花园里有足够的空间，我才种了一株小小的番茄)”可知，作家种西红柿是因为花园里有空地。故选A项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Onetiny9inchplant,boughtfor$1.25inthespring,hasalreadytakenovermuchofmyrosebed,coveringmuchofotherplants,andiswellonitswaytothefrontdoor.(花1美元买了一株9英寸的小植物，在春天的时候，它已经占据了我的大部分玫瑰花圃，覆盖了很多其他的植物，而且很快就会到达前门)”可知，西红柿已经盖住了玫瑰花。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据本段首句中thetask可知，作者将摘西红柿看成是一项“任务”；以及“First,Ihavetofindtheredonesamongtheleaves,whichmeansIalmosthavetostandonmyhead,andoncefoundIhavetoreachdownandunder,pickthetomatoesandwithdraw(缩回)myfullfistwithoutdroppingtheprizesodearlywon.(首先，我必须在叶子中找到红色的，这意味着我几乎要倒立起来，一旦找到了，我就必须把手伸到下面，摘起西红柿，然后收回我的拳头，不让我来之不易的奖品掉下去)”可知，在第5段中，作者想通过说“来之不易的奖品”来表达摘西红柿的困难。故选C项。COnemorningafewyearsago,HarvardPresidentNeilRudenstineoverslept.Forthisbusyman,itwasasortofalarm:afteryearsofnonstophardwork,hemightwearhimselfoutanddieanearlydeath.Onlyafteraweek’sleave——duringwhichhereadnovels,listenedtomusicandwalkedwithhiswifeonabeach——wasRudenstineabletoreturntowork.Inourmodernlife,wehavelosttherhythmbetweenactionandrest.Amazingly,withinthisworldthereisauniversalbutsillysaying:“Iamsobusy.”Wesaythistooneanotherasifourtirelesseffortswereatalentbynatureandanabilitytosuccessfullydealwithstress.Thebusierweare,themoreimportantweseemtoourselvesand,weimagine,toothers.Tobeunavailabletoourfriendsandfamily,andtobeunabletofindtimetorelax——thishasbeethemodelofasuccessfullife.Becausewedonotrest,weloseourway.Wemisstheguidetellinguswheretogo,thefoodprovidingiswithstrength,thequietgivinguswisdom.Howhaveweallowedthistohappen?Ibelieveitisthis:wehaveforgottentheSabbath,thedayoftheweek——forfollowersofsomereligions——forrestandpraying.Itisadaywhenwearenotsupposedtowork,atimewhenwedevoteourselvestoenjoyingandcelebratingwhatisbeautiful.Itisagoodtimetoblessourchildrenandlovedones,givethanks,sharemeals,walkandsleep.Itisatimeforustotakearest,toputourworkaside,trustingthattherearelargerforcesatworktakingcareoftheworld.Restissspiritualandbiologicalneed;however,inourstrongambitiontobesuccessfulandcareforourmanyresponsibilities,wemayfeelterriblyguiltywhenwetaketimetorest.TheSabbathgivesuspermissiontostopwork.Infact,“RemembertheSabbath”ismorethansimplypermissiontorest;itisaruletoobeyandaprincipletofollow.8.The“alarm”inthefirstparagraphrefersto“_______”.A.asignalofstressB.awarningofdangerC.asignofageD.aspreadofdisease9.AccordingtoParagraph4,asuccessfulpersonisonewhoisbelievedto_______.A.beabletoworkwithoutstressB.bemoretalentedthanotherpeopleC.bemoreimportantthananyoneelseD.bebusyingworkingwithouttimetorest10.Somepeoplefeelguiltywhentakingtimetorestbecausethey_______.A.thinkthattakingarestmeanslackingambitionsB.failtorealizethatrestisanessentialpartoflifeC.failtorealizethatreligionsforcethemtorestD.thinkthattakingarestmeansbeinglazy11.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Weshouldbalanceworkwithrest.B.TheSabbathgivesuspermissiontorest.C.Itissillyforanyonetosay“Iambusy.”D.Weshouldbeavailabletoourfamilyandfriends.【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。本文通过哈佛教授多年无休止的工作，最后由于身体不适，不得不休息一段时间再回去工作这件事，来进一步说明工作是必须的，但是休息也是精神和生理的需要，我们要做好工作和休息的平衡。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据下句afteryearsofnonstophardwork,hemightwearhimselfoutanddieanearlydeath.（几年无休止的辛勤工作，可能会让他耗尽自己的精力，并且早衰而亡），可知“alarm”指的是危险的警告，故选B。【9题详解】判断推理题。根据第四段Thebusierweare,themoreimportantweseemtoourselvesand,weimagine,toothers.Tobeunavailabletoourfriendsandfamily,andtobeunabletofindtimetorelax——thishasbeethemodelofasuccessfullife.（我们越忙，我们对自己和他人就显得越重要。无法与朋友和家人相聚，无法找到时间放松——这已成为成功生活的典范。）由此推知，根据第四自然段，一个成功的人就是忙于工作，没时间休息的人。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Restissspiritualandbiologicalneed;however,inourstrongambitiontobesuccessfulandcareforourmanyresponsibilities,wemayfeelterriblyguiltywhenwetaketimetorest.可知一些人花时休息时，感到愧疚是因为他们没有意识到休息是生活必需的一部分。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。本文通过哈佛教授多年无休止的工作，最后由于身体不适，不得不休息一段时间，再回去工作这件事，来进一步说明工作是必须的，但是休息也是精神和生理的需要，我们要做好工作和休息的平衡。选项B、C、D只是文章提到的某一方面，不能概括全文主旨。故选A。DCaliforniahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatpetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).ButinparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithaputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettinginparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.12.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.TheseriousnessofbigtreelossinCalifornia.B.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D.TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.13.Whichofthefollowingiswellintentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A.Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B.Banningwoodcutting.C.Limitinghousingdevelopment.D.Firecontrolmeasures.14.WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A.Inadequatesnowmelt. B.Alongerdryseason.C.Awarmerclimate. D.Dampnessoftheair.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.California’sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B.CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC.WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D.PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。根据一项研究显示，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，而气候变化似乎是其主要因素。【12题详解】主旨大意题。第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatpetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).可知，对野火的控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，与大树争夺资源，也就是对野火的控制是善意的，但对大树产生了不利的影响。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是温度升高，这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及更早的融雪，这减少了旱季对树木的供水量。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhyDoWeGetAngry?Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering（触发）events,personalitytraits（特征）,andourassessmentofsituations.___16___Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore._____17_____Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone’spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithpetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.____18____Also,sometimespreangerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred.___19___Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbeesourcesofpreanger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative(消极的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.___20___However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbyprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.D.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.E.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepreangerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.F.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.G.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.【答案】16.F17.G18.E19.A20.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了导致人们生气的三个原因并指出如何防止愤怒爆发。【16题详解】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到导致人们生气的三个主要原因：triggering（触发）events，personalitytraits（特征），ourassessmentofsituations，下面的几段具体分析了这三个原因与生气的关系。故该句应该起承上启下的作用，故F选项（如果我们愿意用批判性的目光来评估自己的话，那么了解这些原因将会控制我们的愤怒。）承上启下，故选F。【17题详解】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。该空前面两句提到引发愤怒的事件很多，例如：堵车，截止日期临近，身体疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事会激发一个人的怒气，但其他人却不会为此而生气的原因是由于个人的历史和心理特征。该空承上启下，应当提到某件事会使某些人生气，但不会使别人生气这个现象，故G选项（人们对这些事情的反应不一样，这就导致使一个人生气的事情可能会让另一个人生气，也可能不会让另一个人生气。）承上启下，故选G。【18题详解】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到：每个人都有自己心里不平衡的地方。那些比较好强，气量比较小的人更容易生气。下一句提到：而且，有时候，preanger并不一定是一种持久的状态，而是一种触发事件发生前的暂时状态。该空承上启下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一句中的preanger，故Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepreangerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.（拥有这些个性特征意味着愤怒之前的状态，愤怒就在你的大脑背景中。）承上启下，故选E。【19题详解】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：有时候，甚至常规性的事件也会变成preanger或恼怒的来源。有时候对这些情况的无知和负面观点会产生愤怒。该空位于段首，引出下文，故A选项（我们的对情况的态度和看法也会在我们内心产生愤怒。）是本段的主题句，概括全段内容，故选A。【20题详解】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：但是生气很容易转变为暴力，所以最好了解一下愤怒的原因来阻止它的存在。该句和上一句之间是转折关系，结合剩余选项可知，D选项（愤怒是一种特别强烈的感情，或许人们认为他们有理由生气。）和下文构成转折关系，故选D。点睛：七选五解题策略之一：词语复现词语复现包括原词复现和同反义词复现，及正确选项和空格前后句子有相同的词或同反义词相互呼应。抓住这些复现线索，题目自然迎刃而解。在第一小题中，空前的themainreasons和G选项中的thesereasons属于原词复现。第二小题空前文提到的trigger，G选项中的trigger，和空后一句中的trigger也属于原词复现。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Perhapsyou’veheardtheoldsaying“curiositykilledthecat.”It’saphrasethat’softenusedto___21___people—especiallychildren—nottoasktoomanyquestions.Yetit’swidelyagreedthat___22___actuallymakeslearningmoreenjoyableandeffective.___23___researchhasshownthatcuriosityisjustasimportantasintelligencein___24___howwellstudentsdoinschool.Curiosityalso___25___ustoembraceunfamiliarcircumstances,bringsexcitementintoourlives,andopensupnewpossibilities.Beingcuriousrequiresustobebothhumbleenoughtoknowwedon’thavealltheanswers,andbraveenoughto___26___it.Askingthequestionsthathelpus___27___thegapbetweenwhatwealreadyknowandwhatwe’dliketoknowcanleadustomakeunexpecteddiscoveries.Inscience,basiccuriositydrivenresearc—conductedwithoutpressuretoproduceimmediatepracticalresults—canhave___28___andincrediblyimportantbenefits.___29___,onedayin1831,MichaelFaradaywasplayingaroundwithacoil(线圈)andamagnet(磁铁)___30___hesuddenlysawhowhecouldgenerateanelectricalcurrent.Atfirst,itwasn’tclearwhatusethiswouldhave,butitactuallymade___31___availableforuseintechnology,andsochangedtheworld.Unsurprisingly,therearechemicalandevolutionarytheoriesto___32___whyhumansaresuchcuriouscreatures.Whenwebeecurious,ourbrains___33___achemicalcalleddopamine(多巴胺),whichmakestheprocessoflearningmorepleasurableandimprovesmemory.Itisstillnotknownwhylearninggivesussuch___34___butonetheoryisthatwemayhavedevelopedabasicneedtofightuncertainty—themoreweunderstandabouttheworldaroundus,themore___35___wearetosurviveitsmanydangers!21.A.warn B.scold C.beg D.order22.A.creativity B.intelligence C.curiosity D.imagination23.A.Asaresult B.Inturn C.Inaddition D.Infact24.A.checking B.determining C.discovering D.describing25.A.allows B.requires C.convinces D.reminds26.A.know B.deny C.admit D.report27.A.ignore B.bridge C.widen D.identify28.A.unfamiliar B.unnecessary C.unexpected D.uncertain29.A.Forexample B.Inreturn C.Foronething D.Asaconsequence30.A.then B.as C.while D.when31.A.fuel B.electricity C.magnet D.energy32.A.prove B.indicate C.explain D.evaluate33A.release B.reduce C.reproduce D.refresh34.A.fort B.pleasure C.relaxation D.pain35.A.possible B.potential C.definite D.likely【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.B25.A26.C27.B28.C29.A30.D31.B32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了好奇心对学习和个人成长的重要性及其科学基础。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个习语，常被用来警告人们，特别是孩子，不要问太多的问题。A.warn警告；B.scold责备；C.beg恳求；D.order命令。根据后文“people—especiallychildren—nottoasktoomanyquestions”可知，这是对人们，特别是对孩子的警告。故选A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，人们普遍认为好奇心实际上使学习更加愉快和有效。A.creativity创造力；B.intelligence智力；C.curiosity好奇心；D.imagination想象力。根据后文“curiosityisjustasimportantasintelligence”可知，这里讨论的是好奇心对学习的影响。故选C。【23题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，研究表明好奇心在决定学生在学校表现如何方面与智力一样重要。A.Asaresult因此；B.Inturn依次，轮流；反过来；C.Inaddition此外；D.Infact事实上。根据后文“researchhasshownthat”可知，研究已经表明好奇心的重要性，此处表示“事实上”。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，研究表明好奇心在决定学生在学校表现如何方面与智力一样重要。A.checking检查；B.determining决定；C.discovering发现；D.describing描述。根据前文“curiosityisjustasimportantasintelligence”及后文“howwellstudentsdoinschool”可知，此处指好奇心在决定学生在学校表现如何方面很重要。故选B。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：好奇心也让我们欣然接受陌生的环境，给我们的生活带来兴奋，并打开新的可能性。A.allows允许；B.requires要求；C.convinces说服；使信服；D.reminds提醒。根据句意及后文“ustoembraceunfamiliarcircumstances”可知，此处指好奇心让我们接受陌生的环境。allowsbtodosth意为“允许某人做某事”。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有好奇心要求我们既要足够谦逊，知道自己并非无所不知，又要足够勇敢去承认这一点。A.know知道；B.deny否认；C.admit承认；D.report报告。根据句意及前文“humbleenoughtoknowwedon’thavealltheanswers”可知，此处指足够勇敢去承认自己有所不知。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：问那些能帮助我们弥合已知与想知之间差距的问题，可以让我们做出意想不到的发现。A.ignore忽视；B.bridge弥合；C.widen加宽；D.identify识别。根据句意及后文“thegapbetweenwhatwealreadyknowandwhatwe’dliketoknow”可知，此处指弥合已知与想知之间的差距，通过提问来填补知识空白。bridgethegap意为“弥合差距”。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在科学领域，基于基本好奇心的研究——在没有压力要求产生即时实际结果的情况下进行——可以带来意想不到且极其重要的好处。A.unfamiliar不熟悉的；B.unnecessary不必要的；C.unexpected意想不到的；D.uncertain不确定的。根据句意及后文“incredibly(难以置信地)”可知，空格处表达的意思和incredibly相近，表示基础研究的结果可能有意想不到的好处。故选C。【29题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：例如，1831年的一天，迈克尔·法拉第在玩一个线圈和一个磁铁时，他突然看到了如何产生电流。A.Forexample例如；B.Inreturn作为回报；C.Foronething一方面；D.Asaconsequence因此。根据句意及后文举例“

onedayin1831,MichaelFaradaywasplayingaroundwithacoil(线圈)andamagnet(磁铁)

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hesuddenlysawhowhecouldgenerateanelectricalcurrent.”可知，此处举例说明前文的观点。故选A。【30题详解】考查连词辨析。句意：例如，1831年的一天，迈克尔·法拉第在玩一个线圈和一个磁铁时，他突然看到了如何产生电流。A.then然后；B.as当……时(强调主从句动作同时发生)；C.while当……时(强调主句动作在从句动作进行的过程中)；D.when当……时(表示某一时间点)。根据前文“wasplaying”可知，应用固定句型wasdoingsthwhen...(正在做某事突然……)。故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，还不清楚这项发现有何用途，但它实际上为技术在电力方面的应用提供了可能，从而改变了世界。A.fuel燃料；B.electricity电力；C.magnet磁铁；D.energy能量。根据句意及前文“generateanelectricalcurrent”可知，此处指法拉第的发现与电力的应用有关。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：毫不奇怪，有化学和进化论来解释为什么人类是如此好奇的生物。A.prove证明；B.indicate表明；C.explain解释；D.evaluate评估。根据句意及后文“whyhumansaresuchcuriouscreatures”可知，此处指的是理论试图解释好奇心的原因。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们感到好奇时，我们的大脑会释放一种叫做多巴胺的化学物质，这使学习过程更加愉快，并改善记忆。A.release释放；B.reduce减少；C.reproduce繁殖，复制；D.refresh刷新。根据句意及后文“achemicalcalleddopamine”可知，此处指大脑释放多巴胺。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么学习会给我们带来如此多的快乐仍然不清楚，但有一种理论是，我们可能已经发展出了一种对抗不确定性的基本需求——我们对周围世界的了解越多，就越有可能在应对其众多危险中生存下来！A.fort安慰，舒适；B.pleasure快乐；C.relaxation放松；D.pain痛苦。根据句意及前文“whichmakestheprocessoflearningmorepleasurableandimprovesmemory”可知，此处指学习带来的正面情绪，给我们带来如此多的快乐。故选B。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为什么学习会给我们带来如此多的快乐仍然不清楚，但有一种理论是，我们可能已经发展出了一种对抗不确定性的基本需求——我们对周围世界的了解越多，就越有可能在应对其众多危险中生存下来！A.possible可能的；B.potential潜在的；C.definite确定的；D.likely可能的。根据句意及后文“wearetosurviveitsmanydangers”可知，此处表示指的是可能性增加，且sb.belikelytodosth为固定搭配，意为“某人可能做某事”。故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。EasyWaystoBuildVocabularyIt’snotallthathardtobuildanadvancedandlargevocabulary.Likemanythingsinlife,it’s___36___ongoingprocess,andthebestpartoftheproces