高三英语语法专题复习讲义

2012届高三英语语法专题复习讲义-名词性从句和定语从句【考点点拨】

名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

近几年高考对名词性从句的考查重点如下：

【考点1】名词性从句中引导词that与what的使用场合。

1．that引导名词性从句时，不在从句中充当任何成分，只起连接作用；而what是连接代词，在从句中充当成分。

①______madetheschoolproudwas_______morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.

(2003上海春季)A.What/because

B.What/that

C.That/what

D.That/because

2．that在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略,但当有两个和两个以上的宾语从句并列时，第二个从句以下的that不可省略。

如：Shesaid(that)shehadleftschoolandthatherparentswouldfindherajob.

②Wordcomes________agroupofAustralianguestswillcometovisitourschoolnextweek.

A.that

B.which

C.不填

D.aboutwhich

(2005天津•2月)

3．介词后的宾语从句常用what，whether引导，不用that，which引导。但在介词besides，except，in后可用that引导宾语从句。在有it作先行词时，that可用来引导介词后的宾语从句。

③Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.

A.as

B.which

C.what

D.that

(2004上海春季)

【考点2】名词性从句中引导词whether与if的用法区别。

可以互换的场合：

引导及物动词或形容词后的宾语从句；

Heisnotsureif/whetherhecanmanagetodoit.只能用whether不能用if的场合：

引导表语从句、同位语从句及位于句首的主语从句；

引导介词后的宾语从句（有时可省略）；

后面紧跟ornot时；

后面直接跟动词不定式时

④_____theflighttoNewYorkwillbedelayedis____I’mespeciallyworriedabout.(2003南京)

A.If;what

B.Whether;that

C.When;that

D.Whether;what

【考点3】在动词：一坚持（insist）、二命令（order，command）、三建议（suggest，advise，propose）、四要求（demand，require，request，ask）后的宾语从句和这些动词的过去分词后的主语从句，以及这些动词的名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分常用（should）do形式。

⑤Iadvisedthathe_____tothehospitalatonce,butheinsistedthathe_____quitewellthen.

A.besent;wasfeeling

B.wassent;sent

C.besent;feel

D.shouldbesent;shouldfeel

(2005年山东•2月)

【考点4】名词性从句的语序只能是陈述句语序，宾语从句的时态应该与主句的谓语动词的时态保持一致。

⑥Theyareteachersanddon’trealize______tostartandrunacompany.

(2004黄冈)

A.whattakesit

B.whattheytake

C.whattakesthem

D.whatittakes

【考点5】whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever和however在引导名词性从句时不可与nomatterwho/which/what/when/where/how替换，因为后者只能引导让步主语从句。

⑦——Haveanicetrip!

——Thanks.I’lltelephoneyoufrom_____Igettobytomorrowevening.

(2004广州)

A.wherever

B.everyplace

C.whenever

D.nomatterwhere

定语从句可分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。

高考对定语从句的考查常涉及以下几个方面：

【考点6】正确区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的结构；理解关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的作用；特别注意指代整个主句内容的关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。

⑧Ishallneverforgettheday_____ShenzhouVwaslaunched,_____hasagreateffectonmylife.

A.when;which

B.that;which

C.which;that

D.when;that(2004北京东城)

【考点7】关系代词that，who，which以及as的用法区别。

指人时常只用who不用that的情况；

指物时只用which不用that的情况；

只用that不用which的情况；

关系代词as与which的用法区别；

thesame…that…与thesame…as…的区别

⑨Thereisnosuchplace______youdreamofinallthisworld.

(2004北京西城•5月)

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.as

【考点8】区别that引导的定语从句与that引导的同位语从句。that引导同位语从句时，that是纯连词，在从句中不充当任何成分；that引导定语从句时，that是关系代词，在从句中充当主语或宾语等。

比较：

Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamearrivedsoon.

Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdayistrue.

⑩Isthisthereasonatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?

(2002上海春季)

A.heexplained

B.whatheexplained

C.howheexplained

D.whyheexplained

【考点9】定语从句中谓语动词须与先行词在人称与数上保持一致。

⑾Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_______awinnerofscholarshipinthreeyears.

A.is

B.are

C.havebeen

D.hasbeen

(2002上海春季)

【考点10】在先行词为time，place，reason时，常可用that代替when，where，why，并常常省去。

如：Thatwasthereason(that)/why/forwhichhelefthome.

⑿Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut____hesaidit.

(2004湖北)

A.theway

B.inthewaythat

C.intheway

D.thewaywhich

【趋势】近几年高考对名词性从句的考查日趋灵活，多以考查名词性从句的引导词为主，并且常与定语从句和状语从句等相关知识结合起来考查。【各个击破】

1．Theboydivedintothewaterandafter_____seemedtobealongtime,hecameupagain.

A.what

B.that

C.it

D.which

2．Thesetwoareasaresimilar____theybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.

A.exceptthat

B.inwhich

C.inthat

D.sothat

3．Youmaydependon_____thatallthegoodswillbeshippedabroadintime.

A.which

B.it

C.whom

D.these

4．ScientistsbelievenativeAmericansarrivedbycrossingthelandbridgethatconnectedSiberiaand________morethan10,000yearsago.

A.thisisAlaska

B.Alaskaisnow

C.isnowAlaska

D.whatisnowAlaska

5．Lookatthewatch.Don’tyouseeitis______watch_______Helenlosttheotherday?

A.asthesame;as

B.thesame;as

C.thesame;which

D.asthesame;that

6．TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,______isoftenthecaseinothercountries.

A.as

B.that

C.so

D.it

7．_____wasknowntothemallthatBobhadbrokenhispromise_____hewouldgivethemarise.

A.As;which

B.What;that

C.It;that

D.It;which

8．Thatisthereason______hegaveusforcarryingouttheplan.

A.because

B.why

C.how

D.that

9．Wasitinthevillage______weusedtolivein______theaccidenthappened?

A.where;that

B.which;that

C.that;where

D.where;which

10．Thehours_______thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedlyaffectedtheirrelationshipwithreal-lifepeople.

A.that

B.when

C.inwhich

D.onwhich

11．Mr.SmithwillmoveintohisnewhousenextSunday,____itwillbecompletelyfinished.

A.onthattime

B.bywhichti