2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld预习新知早知道学案含解析牛津译林版必修第三册

PAGEUnit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldⅠ.匹配词义A．单词匹配()1.theory A．共和国，共和政体()2.republic B．n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存物()3.deadly C．n.省，省份()4.province D．n.学说，论；原理；看法，看法()5.survival E．adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的()6.herb F．adj.有限的()7.experiment G．adj.家庭的，家用的， 家务的n.一家人，家庭()8.household H．adj.足够的，足够的()9.sufficient I．n.药草，香草；草本()10.limited J．n.试验，试验；尝试，实践 vi.做试验，进行试验；尝试[答案]1－5DAECB6－10IJGHFB．短语匹配()1.speedup A．偶然，意外地()2.payoff B．外太空()3.byaccident C．(使)加速()4.withabang D．胜利，奏效，达到目的()5.outerspace E．很胜利；引人注目，有剧烈影响()6.letsb.down F．想当然地认为， 认为……是天经地义()7.asto G．提出，提议，建议()8.takeitforgranted H．关于，至于()9.putforward I．查阅，参考；提到，谈及()10.referto J．使某人悲观[答案]1－5CDAEB6－10JHFGIⅡ.默写单词1．intendvi.&vt. 想要，安排；意指2．datan. 数据，资料，材料3．conductvt.&vi. 组织，4．accidentn. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭受5．favourvt. 较喜爱；偏袒；有助于n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒6．electricityn. 电，电能7．chargevt.&vi. 使……担当责任；使充溢n. 收费；控告；指责；掌管8．indicatevt. 表明；示意；提及；指出9．creditn. 赞扬，认可；信用vt. 存入金额；把……归于10．publishvt. 出版，发行；发表；公布Ⅰ.语境填空permit；declare；responsibility；scientific；survival；moral；beneficial；electric；indicate；surround1．Agooddietisbeneficialtohealth.2．Hisonlychanceofsurvivalwasahearttransplant.3．Shewouldnotpermitherselftolookatthem.4．Hecamealongtolendmemoralsupport.5．Doyouhaveanythingtodeclare?6．There'sanelectricheaterinthebedroom.7．Weneedtobemorescientificaboutthisproblem.8．Earlyresultsindicatethatthegovernmentwillbereturnedtopower.9．Thatisthequestionthatwillalwayssurroundhim.10．Thebankrefusestoacceptresponsibilityforthemistake.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．Apolitician(politics)isapersonwhosejobisconnectedwithpolitics.2．Shemadeafavourable(favour)impressiononhisparents.3．Electric(electricity)isusuallyusedtodescribesomethingthatusesorproduceselectricity.4．Abomber(bomb)isaplanethatcarriesanddropsbombs.5．Youmustaskpermission(permit)forallmajorexpenditure.6．Allapplicantswillbeconsideredregardlessofage，sexornationality(nation).7．Theydon'tbelieveinmarriage(marry).8．Iquestionthewisdom(wise)ofgivingachildsomuchmoney.9．Thefollowingdayshefeltsufficiently(sufficient)welltogotowork.10．Hefinallywonhisfreedom(free)aftertwentyyearsinprison.1．Shecollectedover2，000traditionalChinesemedicalrecipesformalariatreatmentandmadehundredsofextractsfromdifferentherbs.她收集了2000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方，并从不同的草药中获得了数百种提取物。2．On4October1971，after190failures，shesucceededinmakingqinghaoextractthatcouldtreatmalariainmice.1971年10月4日，在失败了190次之后，她胜利地获得了一种治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物3．Theyworkeddayandnightandtheirhealthbegantosufferbecauseofthepoorconditions，buttheynevergaveup.他们夜以继日地工作，由于恶劣的条件，他们的健康起先受到损害，但他们从未放弃。4．Asakeypartofmanymalariamedicines，...作为很多治疗疟疾的药物的主要成分。5．InherNobelLecture，sheencouragedscientiststofurtherexplorethetreasurehouseoftraditionalChinesemedicineandraiseittoahigherlevel.在她的诺贝尔演讲中，她激励科学家们进一步探究中医药的宝库，并将其提升到更高的水平。词语助读①femaleadj.&n．女性的；女子②malarian.疟疾③deadlyadj.致命的④survivaln．生存，存活⑤provincen.省份⑥broadadj.广泛的；广袤的⑦intendvi.&vt.想要；安排⑧recipen．方法，秘诀；食谱⑨extractn．提取物⑩herbn．药草；草本⑪referto查阅，参考⑫experimentn．试验；实践⑬trialn．试用；试验⑭limitedadj.有限的⑮householdadj.家用的，家庭的⑯containern.容器⑰sufficientadj.足够的，足够的⑱datan．数据，资料⑲speedup(使)加速⑳payoff奏效；达到目的eq\o(○,\s\up2(21))lecturen．讲座，演讲eq\o(○,\s\up2(22))explorevt.探讨；探究eq\o(○,\s\up2(23))wisdomn．才智，才智eq\o(○,\s\up2(24))beneficialadj.有意的，有用的原文呈现Chinesescientistwins2015NobelPrizeByDinaConner11December2015TuYouyouhasbecomethefirstfemale①scientistofthePeople'sRepublicofChinatoreceiveaNobelPrize，awardedforhercontributiontothefightagainstmalaria②，oneofthedeadliest③diseasesinhumanhistory.[1]Thankstoherdiscoveryofqinghaosu，malariapatientsallovertheworldnowhavehadagreatlyincreasedchanceofsurvival④.[1]句中的toreceiveaNobelPrize作后置定语，修饰thefirstfemalescientist；awardedfor...为过去分词短语作定语；oneofthedeadliestdiseasesinhumanhistory是名词malaria的同位语。Bornin1930，inNingbo，ZhejiangProvince⑤，TustudiedmedicineatuniversityinBeijingbetween1951and1955.[2]Aftergraduation，sheworkedattheAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine.ShecompletedfurthertrainingcoursesintraditionalChinesemedicine，acquiringabroad⑥knowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine.[3][2]bornin1930...为过去分词短语作状语。[3]acquiring...为v.­ing短语作状语。Tu'seducationwassoontoproveveryuseful.Inthe1960s，manypeopleweredyingofmalaria，andin1969Tubecameheadofateamthatintended⑦tofindacureforthedisease[4].Shecollectedover2，000traditionalChinesemedicalrecipes⑧formalariatreatmentandmadehundredsofextracts⑨fromdifferentherbs⑩.Whentheyfailedtoproduceanypromisingresults，Tureferredto⑪theancientbooksoftraditionalChinesemedicineagain.Inspiredbyanover1，600­year­oldtextaboutpreparingqinghaoextractwithcoldwater，Turedesignedtheexperiments⑫andtriedextractingtheherbatalowtemperatureinordernottodamageitseffectivepart.[5]On4October1971，after190failures，shesucceededinmakingaqinghaoextractthatcouldtreatmalariainmice[6].[4]关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词team。[5]Inspiredbyanover1，600­year­oldtextaboutpreparingqinghaoextractwithcoldwater为过去分词短语作状语。[6]thatcouldtreatmalariainmice为定语从句，先行词为extract。However，itwashardtoproduceenoughqinghaoextractforlargetrials⑬becauseresearchresourceswerelimited⑭.Tuandherteammanagedtofindsolutionstotheproblem.Whentherewasnoresearchequipment，theyhadtoextractherbsusinghousehold⑮watercontainers⑯.Theyworkeddayandnightandtheirhealthbegantosufferbecauseofthepoorconditions，buttheynevergaveup.Evenwithlargeamountsofqinghaoextractproduced[7]，however，theystillfacedanotherproblem.Thetrialsonpatientswerelikelytobepostponedbecausetheydidnothavesufficient⑰safetydata⑱.Tospeedup⑲theprocessandensureitssafety，Tuandherteamvolunteeredtotestqinghaoextractonthemselvesfirst.[7]此句为with的复合结构：with＋n．＋过去分词。TheeffortsofTuandherteamfinallypaidoff⑳.InNovember1972，throughtrialanderror，theysuccessfullydiscoveredqinghaosu—themosteffectivepartoftheqinghaoextract.Asakeypartofmanymalariamedicines,qinghaosuhassincebenefitedabout200millionmalariapatients.Morethan40yearsafteritsdiscovery，TuwaseventuallyawardedaNobelPrizeforherwork.InherNobelLectureeq\o(○,\s\up6(21))，sheencouragedscientiststofurtherexploreeq\o(○,\s\up6(22))thetreasurehouseoftraditionalChinesemedicineandraiseittoahigherlevel.Perhapsthenextgenerationofscientists，drawingonthewisdomeq\o(○,\s\up6(23))oftraditionalChinesemedicine，willindeeddiscovermoremedicinesbeneficialeq\o(○,\s\up6(24))toglobalhealthcare.译文参考中国科学家获得2015年诺贝尔奖迪娜·康纳2015屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡