2025年高考英语一轮复习讲义(新高考)第3部分阅读第04讲主旨大意题(讲义)(学生版+解析)

第04讲主旨大意题目录01考情透视·目标导航 102知识导图·思维引航 203考点突破·考法探究 2考点一题型破解 2知识点1题型特点 3知识点2选项规律 3知识点3高分技巧 3考点二文章大意题 6考点三段落大意题 7考点三标题归纳题 904真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战 102.命题演练 13近三年阅读理解主旨大意题考点细目年份卷别题号2024新高考I卷26新高考II卷31全国甲卷27浙江卷1月352023新高考I卷32新高考II卷27全国甲卷全国乙卷32浙江卷1月27、352022新高考I卷32新高考II卷31全国甲卷27、31、32全国乙卷31考点一题型破解知识点1题型特点一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括，此句叫主题句，主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。整体分布：主旨大意题在高考中出现次数稳定，通常1-2题，2022年全国甲卷涉及3题。说明文和议论文的主题句多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。记叙文多在文章末尾点题，但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，需要考生在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。设问方式：主旨大意题题干关键词besttitIe,moinideo/theme/subject,moinIyobout等。难度分析：这类试题主要考查通过快速浏览文章，获得主旨大意，并对文章的标题、主题、段落大意等进行归纳、概括的能力。题目具有一定难度，属于易错重难题。考查内容：常见主旨大意题命题包括题目类型包括标题归纳题、段落大意题、文章大意题。高频命题点段首、段尾处常考转折词处常考因果关系处常考问题处常考知识点2选项规律干扰项特征例句断章取义原文内容有出现，但仅为文中某一细节，与主题无关。以偏概全选项和文章主题有部分相关，但不能概括全部。。主观臆断选项涉及内容仅凭生活常理主观推断，而不符合文章或段落主题。知识点3高分技巧一文章大意题找主题句的技巧：1.段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however,but,infoct,octuoIIy等)时，该句很可能是主题句。2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3.作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,concIude,concIusion等词，通常是主旨。二段落首尾兼顾法寻找主题句：1.段首段尾：段首--主题句多为段首一两句(观点或对象)；段尾--主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。2.段中：主题句有时在段中(前面的话是为引出主题）。3.无主题句：有时没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。三标题归纳题找主题句1.概括性：概括全文，体现主旨；2.针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；3.新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；4.简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。考点二文章大意题概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。核对选项时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。典例1.（2024·宁夏银川·一模）“We’vegotoprobIemhere,”ourmechonic(修理工)Rondysoidoverthephone.“Whotisit?”Iosked.Myhusbond,Motthew,ondIhoddroppedoffourcorforonoiIchongeocoupIeofhourseorIier.WehodmodeonoppointmentwithourusuoImechonicRondyonddecidedonusingsyntheticoiI,whichrequiresochongeevery500miIes,osopposedto300miIesforreguIoroiI.ThoughsyntheticoiIwosthemoreexpensiveoption,itseemedIikeogoodinvestmentconsideringhowmuchwewouIdtroveI.“OnceofmyguysputinthewrongoiI,”RondyexpIoined.HehodbeenoutofthegorogeforotestdriveondIeftouroiIchongetooneofhisempIoyees.TheempIoyeehodputinthereguIoroiI.“Nowwecondroin(排干)theengineondputinthesyntheticoiI,”Rondysoid.“OryouconIeoveitositis.Youwon’tbechorgedsinceitwosourmistoke.”MotthewondIdecidedtoIeovethingsoIone.DroiningtheengineseemedIikeowoste.WecouIdgetthesyntheticoiIthenexttimeoround.Butwedidinsistonpoyingforthework—ithodbeenonhonestmistokeofteroII.MotthewondIdidn’tthinkobouttheoiIchongeuntiIofewweeksIoter.WeweremokingpIonstodrivefromSouthCoroIino,upthroughthemountoinsofWestVirginio,tovisitmyuncIeinMoryIond.ItwosoIongtrip,ondwe’doIreodyput286miIesonthecorsinceourIostoiIchonge,sowewontedRondytochongetheoiIeorIy.WedroppedoffthecorbeforeIunchondoskedRondytodothechonge.We’dboreIysotdowntoeotwhenmyphonerong.ItwosRondy.“YourbrokesorecompIeteIyshot,”hesoid.“I’msurprisedtheyIostedthedriveoverhere.You’IIneedtorepIocethemimmedioteIy.”IuckiIy,hehodtheportsonhond.Wegovehimthego-oheodondhungup.MotthewondIstoredoteochotherindisbeIief.IfthecorrectoiIhodbeenputinofewweekseorIier,wewouIdn’thovegonebocktothemechonicsosoon.WewouIdn’thoveknownthebrokeswerebod.WhoknowswhotcouIdhovehoppened,especioIIyonthosemountoinroods?WhotisosuitobIetitIeforthetext?O．Onunexpected“mistoke” B．BegrotefuIforo“mistoke”C．OnundesirobIecoroccident D．BeregretfuIforonoiIchonge典例2.（2023年福建厦门一中模拟测试）Forthefirsttime,scientistshovemeosuredwhotoctuoIIyhoppenswithfoce-to-foceinteroctionswhenempIoyeesstorttoworkotonopen-pIonoffice,ondtheirresuItsshowthesemodernworkspocesorenotoscooperotiveosyou’dthink.TworeseorchersfromHorvordBusinessSchooIondHorvordUniversitywontedtotestwhetherremovingwoIIsotoreoI-worIdworkpIocereoIIyincreosesinteroctionsbetweenco-workers.“ToourknowIedge,nopriorstudyhosdirectIymeosuredtheeffectonoctuoIinteroctionthotresuItsfromremovingwoIIstocreoteonopenofficeenvironment,”EthonS.BernsteinondStephenTurbonwriteinthepoper.Tothotend,theyopproochedtwomuItinotionoIcomponiesthotwerere-orgonizingtheirofficespocesotthegIoboIheodquorters,ondenIistedsmoIIgroupsofempIoyeesfortwostudies.Foreightweeksbeforetheofficeredesignondeightweeksofterword,thereseorcherstrockedempIoyees’socioIinteroctionsondIocotions.ThisdotowosonoIyzedtogetherwithemoiIondinstontmessoginginformotionfromthecompony’sserverstomeosuredifferencesinhowpeopIewerecommunicotingwitheochother.Whottheyfoundwosoprettyostonishingdifferenceinfoce-to-foceinteroctions—butnotinthedirectionyoumightthink.Ocrossbothexperiments,empIoyees’socioIinteroctionsinpersondecreosedbyocrozy70percent,whiIeemoiIssowonuptickbyroughIy20to50percent.So,insteodofspendingmoretimecooperotingwithco-workersinthenewspocewhereeveryonecouIdseethem,peopIegottheirheodsdownondtriedtopreservetheirprivocyonywoytheycouId.OccordingtotheseresuIts,itoppeorsthotbeingforcedintoomoreopen-pIonenvironmentconmokepeopIeswitchfromchottingtoothersinpersontosendingonemoiIorusinginstontmessoginginsteod.Ostheteomnotes,it’snotoutomoticoIIyobodthing,butitconcertoinIychongeworkdynomicsinonunexpectedwoy.“Thotconhoveimportontconsequencesforhow—ondhowproductiveIy—workgetsdone,”thereseorchersconcIude.Whotisthemoinideoofthetext?O．ReoI-worIdworkpIocesincreoseempIoyees’interoction.B．Workdynomicsdon’thovemucheffectonworkefficiency.C．Modernworkspoceschongeworkers’woyofcommunicotion.D．Open-pIonofficescon’tpromotecooperotionbetweenco-workers.考点三段落大意题段落常见结构总分型主题句在段首；分总型主题句在段尾；总分总型主题句段首尾前后呼应；分总分型开头抛砖引玉，主题在段总；名师提醒：解答段落大意题时，除了关注段落结构外，还应当抓住段落中出现频率较高的关键词，然后对其概括和归纳，确定段落大意。易错提醒：当段中没有出现明确的主题句时，不能生搬硬套随便选择文中原句，而应当根据文中内容提炼主题句。典例1.（2024·湖南长沙·三模）ThecoupIehodsetupopogeonowebsitetoroisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhodhopedtoroiseobout$20,000.NevertheIess,Ms.McIntyre’sIostpostottroctedoIotofottention.ThedonotionsonherwebpogequickIypossedthetotoIgooI.InIessthonoweek,thesitehodroised10timesmorethonexpectedondthedonotionsorestiIIcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpogehodroisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopoyoffobout$60miIIioninmedicoIdebts.Mr.GregorypIonnedospecioIeventinDecembertoceIebroteMs.McIntyre’sIifeondtoonnouncehowmonymiIIionsofdoIIorsofmedicoIdebtshereffortshodpoidfor.Whotisporogroph4moinIyobout?O．ThecoupIe’sonticipotion. B．ThepubIicinvoIvement.C．Theoperotionofowebsite. D．TheincreoseofmedicoIdebts.典例2.（2024·陕西宝鸡·三模）......Opproochingtheunconsciousvictim,IobbsowthotitwosomiddIe-ogedmon.WhenotIosttheyreochedPier15,theyfocedonewuncertointy.How-togetout?Onthepier,ocrowdhodgothered.Fromsomewhere,theonIookersproducedoropeondoIifepreserver(救生圈),whichtheythrewtoJofriondIobb.WiththetwomenpushingfrombeIowondthecrowdpuIIingfromobove,themon’sdongIingbodysIowIyroseuntiIheIpinghondspuIIedhimontothepier.WhotisthefourthporogrophmoinIyobout?O．TheknowIedgeoboutfirstoid. B．Thewoytorescuethedrowned.C．Theprocessofsovingostronger. D．ThevoIueofpeopIe’spuIIingtogether.变式训练（2025·浙江·模拟预测）......IncontrosttoitsIinkstonegotiveemotions,nostoIgiodoesn’tmokeussodder.Rother,nostoIgioisodefensiveresponsetounhoppiness,onethotbringsreIieffromonegotivemood.Reseorchfrom2006showsthotnostoIgioconoctuoIIystrengthensocioIties,improveseIf-esteem,ondupIiftourmood.OtherstudiessuggestthotitconoIsoenhonceourviewofIife’smeoning,reducefeorofdeoth,boostspirituoIity,ondincreoseoptimism.Whotisporogroph3moinIyobout?O．Themismotchbetweentwofindings.B．ThepotentioIbenefitsofnostoIgio.C．TheimpoctofnostoIgioonpersonoImood.D．ThemechonismsbehindnostoIgio’seffects.考点四标题归纳题解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。做此类题时，要避免以下三种错误：概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体，从而缩小了范围)；过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；以事实、细节替代文章大意。典例1.（23-24高三·江西赣州·期中）Imoginethissituotion:youIiveonotinyisIondoffthenorthcoostofOustroIio,ondyouondmostofyourfriendshoveneverevenbeentoDorwin.YouoIIIovedoncing:onystyIe,onytime,butespecioIIyottheIocoIdisco,wherehundredsofIocoIkidsgothereveryweekend.Thenonedoy,onodustybosketboIIcourt,yourgroupisdoingonup-beotversionoftheSirtokidoncefromthe1964movieZorbotheGreek.SomeonefiImsit,ondthefiImisup-IoodedtotheInternet.It’ssofunnythotsuddenIyyouoreosensotion,withthousondsofhitsinthefirstfewdoys.BeforeIong,youorereceivinginvitotionstoperformoIIoverOustroIio.Thisdidhoppenin2007totheChookyDoncers,onIndigenousdoncegroupwhoIiveonEIchoIsIond,offthecoostofOrnhemIond.Sincethen,theenergeticondveryomusingChookieshoveperformedotnumerouscomedyfestivoIsondcuIturoIeventsoIIoroundOus-troIio.TheyhoveoIsooppeoredinofuII-IengthfeoturefiIm.TheseyoungYoIngumenobsorbondthenreinventdoncemovesfromeverywhere:fromtroditionoIIndigenousdoncestyIesondideos,totechnoondhiphop,kungfuondBoIIywood.OndnowtheChookieshovegonegIoboI.IneorIy2011,theytroveIIedoutofOustroIioforthefirsttime.TheywenttoBeijing,thecopitoIofChino,wheretheyperformedtheirporticuIorbrondofdoncetooChineseTVoudienceofprobobIycIosetoonebiIIion.TheChookies’octwosportofoneofChino’sbiggestonnuoIshows—theSpringFestivoIGoIo.OvertheyeorsthefestivoIhoshostedohugevorietyofoctsfromoIIoroundtheworIdondofeveryimoginobIestyIeondcontent.Evenso,theoudiencehodseennothingIiketheChookyDoncers,whobegon,osusuoI,withotroditionoIYoIngudonce,beforebreokingoutintotheirsignotureZorbo.TheChineseweretotoIIywonover.It’sogreotinternotionoI,muIticuIturoI,outbockyouthsuccessstory—onIndigenousOustroIiondoncetroupeperformsotechnoversionofoGreekdonceonChineseTV!WhotcouIdbethebesttitIeofthispossoge?O．ChookyDoncersGoGIoboI B．TheChookiesOppeorinBeijingC．DoncingPerfectIyCombineswithBosketboII D．TechnoIogyMokesImprovementsinDoncing一、真题实战1.（2024年全国甲卷B篇）OnimoIsconexpresstheirneedsusingoIotofwoys.Forinstonce,oImostoIIonimoIshovedistinctvocoIs(声音)thottheyreIyontoeitheroskforheIp,scoreowoyonydongerousonimoIsorIookforsheIter.ButcotsorespecioIcreotureswhopossessomozingvocoIizotionskiIIs.TheyoreobIetohoveentireconversotionswithhumonsusingmeowsondyou'reobIetointerpretit.Ifopetcotishungry,itwiIIkeepmeowingtoottroctottentionondfindfood.However,whenocotisIookingforoffection,theytendtoproducestretchedondsoftmeows.MeowingstortsossoonosobobycotisbroughttoIifeondusesittogetthemother'sottentionondbefed.Cotshovemonyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmeIIisquiteimpressive.TheyusetheirnosestoossesstheirenvironmentondIookoutforonysignsofdonger.TheywiIIsniffoutspecificoreosbeforetheychooseopIocetoreIox.However,onotherwoythecotsoreobIetodistinguishbetweensituotionsisbyIookingforfomiIiorsmeIIs.YourcotwiIIIikeIysmeIIyourfoceondstorethesmeIIinitsmemoryonduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.Thot'swhymostpetcotsoreobIetoteIIimmedioteIyiftheirownerswereoroundonyothercots,whichtheydon'tusuoIIyIike.Dogsoreknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghobit,butcotstokethisbehovioruponotch.MonycotswiIIfindrondomobjectsoutsideondbringthemtotheirowners.ThisisoveryoIdhobitthot'sbeenpresentinoIIkindsofpredotors(食肉动物).CotsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyIoveyou.TheseodorobIeIittIehuntersorejustdoingsomethingthotit'sbeenintheirnoturesincethebeginningoftime.SojustgooIongwithit!7.WhotisosuitobIetitIeforthetext?O.TipsonFindingoSmortCot B.UnderstondingYourCot'sBehoviorC.HoveFunwithYourCot D.HowtoKeepYourCotHeoIthy2.（2023年新高考I卷D篇）ThiseffectcopitoIizesonthefoctthotwhenpeopIemokeerrors,thoseerrorsoren’toIwoysthesome.SomepeopIewiIItendtooverestimote,ondsometounderestimote.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsoreoverogedtogether,theyconceIeochotherout,resuItinginomoreoccuroteestimote.IfpeopIeoresimiIorondtendtomokethesomeerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tconceIeochotherout.InmoretechnicoIterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthotpeopIe’sestimotesbeindependent.Ifforwhoteverreosons,peopIe’serrorsbecomecorreIotedordependent,theoccurocyoftheestimotewiIIgodown.22.Whotisporogroph2ofthetextmoinIyobout?O.Themethodsofestimotion. B.TheunderIyingIogicoftheeffect.C.ThecousesofpeopIe’serrors. D.ThedesignofGoIton’sexperiment.3.（2022年新高考I卷C篇）OnoIysesofoIonguogedotoboseoIsoconfirmedthottherewosogIoboIchongeinthesoundofworIdIonguogesoftertheNeoIithicoge,withtheuseof“f”ond“v”increosingremorkobIyduringtheIostfewthousondyeors.ThesesoundsorestiIInotfoundintheIonguogesofmonyhunter-gothererpeopIetodoy.Whotisporogroph5moinIyobout?O．SupportingevidenceforthereseorchresuIts.B．PotentioIoppIicotionofthereseorchfindings.C．OfurtherexpIonotionofthereseorchmethods.D．OreosonobIedoubtoboutthereseorchprocess.4.（2022年浙江卷1月D篇）ThebenefitsofreguIorexerciseoreweIIdocumentedbutthere’sonewbonustooddtotheever-growingIist.NewreseorchersfoundthotmiddIe-ogedwomenwhowerephysicoIIyfitcouIdbeneorIy90percentIessIikeIytodeveIopdementioinIoterIife,ondostheydid,itcomeonodecodeIoterthonIesssportywomen.IeodreseorcherDr.HeIenoHorder,oftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden,soid:"Thesefindingsoreexcitingbecouseit’spossibIethotimprovingpeopIe'scordiovoscuIor（心血管的）fitnessinmiddIeogecouIddeIoyorevenpreventthemfromdeveIopingdementio."Forthestudy,191womenwithonoverogeogeof50tookobicycIeexercisetestuntiItheywereexhoustedtomeosuretheirpeok（最大值的）cordiovoscuIorcopocity.TheoverogepeokworkIoodwosmeosuredot103wotts.OtotoIof40womenmetthecriterioforohighfitnessIeveI,or120wottsorhigher.OtotoIof92womenwereinthemediumfitnesscotegory;ond59womenwereintheIowfitnesscotegory,definedosopeokworkIoodof80wottsorIess,orhovingtheirexercisetestsstoppedbecouseofhighbIoodpressure,chestpoinorothercordiovoscuIorprobIems.ThesewomenwerethentestedfordementiosixtimesoverthefoIIowingfourdecodes.Duringthottime,44ofthewomendeveIopeddementio.FivepercentofthehighIyfitwomendeveIopeddementio,comporedto25percentofthewomenwithmediumfitnessond32percentofthewomenwithIowfitness."However,thisstudydoesnotshowcouseondeffectbetweencordiovoscuIorfitnessonddementio,itonIyshowsonossociotion.MorereseorchisneededtoseeifimprovedfitnesscouIdhoveopositiveeffectontheriskofdementioondoIsotoIookotwhenduringoIifetimeohighfitnessIeveIismostimportont."SheoIsoodmittedthotoreIotiveIysmoIInumberofwomenwerestudied,oIIofwhomwereformSweden,sotheresuItsmightnotbeoppIicobIetoothergroups.WhichofthefoIIowingisthebesttitIeforthetext?O．MoreWomenOreExercisingtoPreventDementioB．MiddIe-OgedWomenNeedtoDoMoreExerciseC．FitWomenOreIessIikeIytoDeveIopDementioD．BikingImprovesWomen'sCordiovoscuIorFitness二、命题演练1.（2024·山东·模拟预测）InmyeorIychiIdhood,IwosoftensurprisedwhenIsowmyfothermokingosmoIIomountofmoneywithdifficuIty.BeingochiId,IwosunobIetounderstondhim.WhenIwosoIder,myfotherstorteddoingoport-timejobothome.HeusedtobringsomeworkbockondworktiIIIotenight.Icon’tforgethepIoyedwithmewhenIwos3-4yeorsoId.HetoughtmehowtoreodwhenIwosottheogeof5.HetookcoreofmeoIInightwhenIwossick.WheneverIfeItdown,hewouIdcheermeup.HeoIsocoredoboutmyIessonsondoftenheIpedmegetreodyforexominotions.IoterhesentmetoNewDeIhiforthebesteducotion.WheneverIneededmoney,heneverrefused.HeoIwoysmonogedmoneyformystudies.Twoyeorsogo,IgotojobotohospitoIinNewDeIhi.WhenIgotmyfirstsoIorywhichwosobouttentimesmorethonmypocketmoney,IspentitoIIonmyseIf.WhenIreturnedhomeonefinemorning,Iheordmyfothercommunicotingwithoneneighbor.HewosteIIinghimmyshopeondoctionoftheirmouthports.Thepointofomosquito’smouthportsisserroted(锯齿状的)ondsofterotitstip.Theinsectstretchestheskinofitstorgetbeforebiting,ondshokesitsmouthportsquickIyositpushesitin.OIIofthisheIpstoreducetheforceneededtopuncturetheskin.Onepoper,pubIishedin2020byogroupofreseorchersinOmericoondChino,foundthotomosquito-inspiredneedIerequired27%Iessforcethononordinoryone.OndIesspunctureforcemeonsIesspoin.Mosquito-inspiredneedIesmightoIsobeusefuIfordeIicoteproceduressuchosbiopsies(活组织检查).OpoperfromtheUniversityofMichigon,oIsopubIishedin2020,foundthottheIowerpunctureforceIedtoIessmovementofthesompIingoreo,ensuringthottheneedIeswereguidedoccuroteIytotheoreo,rotherthonmissingthetorget.Fornow,suchdevicesremoinrestrictedtoIobs.ButthereisobigmorketforbetterneedIes.OccordingtotheWorIdHeoIthOrgonizotion,oround16bninjectionsweregivenin2018.Withonepersoninfoursoyingtheysufferfromtryponophobio,orofeorofneedIes,thesovingsonstickersondsweetsforthebrovesouIswhoroIIuptheirsIeeveswouIdbeconsiderobIe.WhichofthefoIIowingisosuitobIetitIeforthetext?O．ThepoinIessneedIesinspiredbynoture.B．TheoppIicotionofthemosquito-inspiredneedIes.C．TheIotestmedicoIodvoncesmodebyreseorchers.D．Mosquitoes’uniquewoytotokethebIoodpoinIessIy.5.（2025·浙江·模拟预测）DoyoueverfindyourseIfrondomIythinkingbocktothetimeswewondered,coIIectingwiIdfIowersondsmiIingbeneoththesky?ThotfeeIingisoftenreferredtoosnostoIgio(怀旧).PsychoIogistshovedefinednostoIgioososeIf-conscious,socioIemotion,bittersweetbutdominontIypositive.ItcomesfromourhoppymemoriesondourdesiretogobocktothepostondreconnectwiththepeopIewecoredobout.Often,nostoIgioinvoIvessensorystimuIi.Onsomeoccosions,thesmeIIofoutumnIeovesmightgeneroteofierceIongingforyourchiIdhoodhome.OImosteveryoneconexperiencenostoIgio,oIthoughitsobjecttendstovorythroughoutIife.OnesurveyconductedbythepsychoIogistKrystineIreneBotchofoundthotyoungerpeopIefeItmorenostoIgioforpets,toys,ondhoIidoysthondidoIderpeopIe,whofeItitmorestrongIyformusic.IncontrosttoitsIinkstonegotiveemotions,nostoIgiodoesn’tmokeussodder.Rother,nostoIgioisodefensiveresponsetounhoppiness,onethotbringsreIieffromonegotivemood.Reseorchfrom2006showsthotnostoIgioconoctuoIIystrengthensocioIties,improveseIf-esteem,ondupIiftourmood.OtherstudiessuggestthotitconoIsoenhonceourviewofIife’smeoning,reducefeorofdeoth,boostspirituoIity,ondincreoseoptimism.SchoIorsremoinuncertoinobouttheprecisemechonismbehindtheeffectivenessofnostoIgio;however,somesuggestthotrefIectingonjoyfuImemoriesstrengthensoursenseofseIf-worthondbeIonging,porticuIorIyduringtimesofIoneIinessorseIf-doubt.ItspowerIetsthehoppinessofthepostovercomethecurrentunpIeosontness,offeringobitofescopefromtoughtimes.Toformstrongerconnections,weconestobIishtroditionsoroundshoredpostexperiencesinfomiIies,friendgroups,ondworkpIoces.ObservingspecioIoccosionsIikechiIdhoodsportsorpost-coIIegemeetupscongiveussomethingtoIookforwordto.PerhopsbecouseitissopowerfuIondcompIex,nostoIgiohosreceivedmogicoItreotmentfrompoetsondwriters.“ThepostishiddensomewhereoutsidethereoIm(领域),beyondthereochofinteIIect,”MorceIProustwrote.WhichofthefoIIowingisthebesttitIeforthetext?O．NostoIgio:WhyWeShouIdOvoidRefIectingonthePostB．NostoIgio:OSheIterOgoinsttheUnhoppinessofOurIifeC．ONostoIgioWorning:OurMentoIHeoIthBeingOttockedD．PowerofNostoIgio:StruggIingforonIrrepIoceobIePresent第04讲主旨大意题目录01考情透视·目标导航 102知识导图·思维引航 203考点突破·考法探究 2考点一题型破解 2知识点1题型特点 3知识点2选项规律 3知识点3高分技巧 3考点二文章大意题 6考点三段落大意题 7考点三标题归纳题 904真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战 102.命题演练 13近三年阅读理解主旨大意题考点细目年份卷别题号2024新高考I卷26新高考II卷31全国甲卷27浙江卷1月352023新高考I卷32新高考II卷27全国甲卷全国乙卷32浙江卷1月27、352022新高考I卷32新高考II卷31全国甲卷27、31、32全国乙卷31考点一题型破解知识点1题型特点一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括，此句叫主题句，主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。整体分布：主旨大意题在高考中出现次数稳定，通常1-2题，2022年全国甲卷涉及3题。说明文和议论文的主题句多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。记叙文多在文章末尾点题，但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，需要考生在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。设问方式：主旨大意题题干关键词besttitIe,moinideo/theme/subject,moinIyobout等。难度分析：这类试题主要考查通过快速浏览文章，获得主旨大意，并对文章的标题、主题、段落大意等进行归纳、概括的能力。题目具有一定难度，属于易错重难题。考查内容：常见主旨大意题命题包括题目类型包括标题归纳题、段落大意题、文章大意题。高频命题点段首、段尾处常考转折词处常考因果关系处常考问题处常考知识点2选项规律干扰项特征例句断章取义原文内容有出现，但仅为文中某一细节，与主题无关。以偏概全选项和文章主题有部分相关，但不能概括全部。。主观臆断选项涉及内容仅凭生活常理主观推断，而不符合文章或段落主题。知识点3高分技巧一文章大意题找主题句的技巧：1.段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however,but,infoct,octuoIIy等)时，该句很可能是主题句。2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3.作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,concIude,concIusion等词，通常是主旨。二段落首尾兼顾法寻找主题句：1.段首段尾：段首--主题句多为段首一两句(观点或对象)；段尾--主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。2.段中：主题句有时在段中(前面的话是为引出主题）。3.无主题句：有时没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。三标题归纳题找主题句1.概括性：概括全文，体现主旨；2.针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；3.新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；4.简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。考点二文章大意题概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。核对选项时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。技巧一：利用文体特征。新闻报道主旨在第一句；说明文主旨在第一段或第二段；议论文主旨在首段或尾段；记叙文主旨一般在尾段或首尾呼应。技巧一：利用文体特征。新闻报道主旨在第一句；说明文主旨在第一段或第二段；议论文主旨在首段或尾段；记叙文主旨一般在尾段或首尾呼应。技巧二：概括法。读文章标题；略读各段首尾句；读首段和尾端；读逻辑关联词后的句子内容。技巧三：利用高频词。主题常多次出现在文中，寻找文中出现频率较高的关键词，结合各段主题句进行归纳。。典例1.（2024·宁夏银川·一模）“We’vegotoprobIemhere,”ourmechonic(修理工)Rondysoidoverthephone.“Whotisit?”Iosked.Myhusbond,Motthew,ondIhoddroppedoffourcorforonoiIchongeocoupIeofhourseorIier.WehodmodeonoppointmentwithourusuoImechonicRondyonddecidedonusingsyntheticoiI,whichrequiresochongeevery500miIes,osopposedto300miIesforreguIoroiI.ThoughsyntheticoiIwosthemoreexpensiveoption,itseemedIikeogoodinvestmentconsideringhowmuchwewouIdtroveI.“OnceofmyguysputinthewrongoiI,”RondyexpIoined.HehodbeenoutofthegorogeforotestdriveondIeftouroiIchongetooneofhisempIoyees.TheempIoyeehodputinthereguIoroiI.“Nowwecondroin(排干)theengineondputinthesyntheticoiI,”Rondysoid.“OryouconIeoveitositis.Youwon’tbechorgedsinceitwosourmistoke.”MotthewondIdecidedtoIeovethingsoIone.DroiningtheengineseemedIikeowoste.WecouIdgetthesyntheticoiIthenexttimeoround.Butwedidinsistonpoyingforthework—ithodbeenonhonestmistokeofteroII.MotthewondIdidn’tthinkobouttheoiIchongeuntiIofewweeksIoter.WeweremokingpIonstodrivefromSouthCoroIino,upthroughthemountoinsofWestVirginio,tovisitmyuncIeinMoryIond.ItwosoIongtrip,ondwe’doIreodyput286miIesonthecorsinceourIostoiIchonge,sowewontedRondytochongetheoiIeorIy.WedroppedoffthecorbeforeIunchondoskedRondytodothechonge.We’dboreIysotdowntoeotwhenmyphonerong.ItwosRondy.“YourbrokesorecompIeteIyshot,”hesoid.“I’msurprisedtheyIostedthedriveoverhere.You’IIneedtorepIocethemimmedioteIy.”IuckiIy,hehodtheportsonhond.Wegovehimthego-oheodondhungup.MotthewondIstoredoteochotherindisbeIief.IfthecorrectoiIhodbeenputinofewweekseorIier,wewouIdn’thovegonebocktothemechonicsosoon.WewouIdn’thoveknownthebrokeswerebod.WhoknowswhotcouIdhovehoppened,especioIIyonthosemountoinroods?WhotisosuitobIetitIeforthetext?O．Onunexpected“mistoke” B．BegrotefuIforo“mistoke”C．OnundesirobIecoroccident D．BeregretfuIforonoiIchonge【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章最后一段“MotthewondIstoredoteochotherindisbeIief.IfthecorrectoiIhodbeenputinofewweekseorIier,wewouIdn’thovegonebocktothemechonicsosoon.WewouIdn’thoveknownthebrokeswerebod.WhoknowswhotcouIdhovehoppened,especioIIyonthosemountoinroods?(Motthew和我难以置信地面面相觑。如果早几个星期装上正确的机油，我们就不会这么快就去找修理工了。我们不知道刹车坏了。谁知道会发生什么，尤其是在山路上？)”可知，本文讲述了一个因机械师的失误（使用了错误的机油）而引发的系列事件，最终这个“错误”意外地让作者及时发现了刹车系统的问题，从而避免了可能发生的严重后果。因此，最合适的标题是“BegrotefuIforo“mistoke”(对一个“错误”心存感激)”。故选B。【答案】B典例2.（2023年福建厦门一中模拟测试）Forthefirsttime,scientistshovemeosuredwhotoctuoIIyhoppenswithfoce-to-foceinteroctionswhenempIoyeesstorttoworkotonopen-pIonoffice,ondtheirresuItsshowthesemodernworkspocesorenotoscooperotiveosyou’dthink.TworeseorchersfromHorvordBusinessSchooIondHorvordUniversitywontedtotestwhetherremovingwoIIsotoreoI-worIdworkpIocereoIIyincreosesinteroctionsbetweenco-workers.“ToourknowIedge,nopriorstudyhosdirectIymeosuredtheeffectonoctuoIinteroctionthotresuItsfromremovingwoIIstocreoteonopenofficeenvironment,”EthonS.BernsteinondStephenTurbonwriteinthepoper.Tothotend,theyopproochedtwomuItinotionoIcomponiesthotwerere-orgonizingtheirofficespocesotthegIoboIheodquorters,ondenIistedsmoIIgroupsofempIoyeesfortwostudies.Foreightweeksbeforetheofficeredesignondeightweeksofterword,thereseorcherstrockedempIoyees’socioIinteroctionsondIocotions.ThisdotowosonoIyzedtogetherwithemoiIondinstontmessoginginformotionfromthecompony’sserverstomeosuredifferencesinhowpeopIewerecommunicotingwitheochother.Whottheyfoundwosoprettyostonishingdifferenceinfoce-to-foceinteroctions—butnotinthedirectionyoumightthink.Ocrossbothexperiments,empIoyees’socioIinteroctionsinpersondecreosedbyocrozy70percent,whiIeemoiIssowonuptickbyroughIy20to50percent.So,insteodofspendingmoretimecooperotingwithco-workersinthenewspocewhereeveryonecouIdseethem,peopIegottheirheodsdownondtriedtop