统考版2025届高考英语一轮复习课时提能练38选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions含解析新人教版

PAGE课时提能练(三十八)选修8Unit3InventorsandinventionsA：学问层面Ⅰ.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)Mostpupilshave1．expectations(expect)thattheycanparticipateinvarietiesof2．practical(practice)activitiesoffcampus.Manystudent3．associations(associate)oftenorganizesuchactivities,offeringgreat4．convenience(convenient)forthepupils.However,expertsandparentsare5．cautious(caution)aboutpupilstakingpartinsocialactivities.Pupilsare6．innocent(innocence),andtheyareeasilytakenin.Besides,manyoftenignoretheirsecuritywhen7．merrily(merry)involvedintheseactivities.Schoolsmustwarntheirpupilsnottotrustthosewhotakeinterestinthem8．abruptly(abrupt)buthesitatetoshowtheir9．identification(identify)cards.B(考查动词)Thereareamazingthingsaboutbabies.Theylearntoseeby10．distinguishing(distinguish)betweenareasoflightanddark.Theystarttousetheirwholehand11．toseize(seize)toysandobjectsaround5monthsofage.Theyarefound12．tapping(tap)onsmartphoneswhentheyareasyoungas6months.Someonesaysbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainacts13．areassociated(associate)withphysiological“drives”.However,thisisnotthecase.14．Bear(bear)inmindthatyourbabyiseagertoexperiencethejoyofsuccessjustlikeanadult.Torequestmoredetailsabouthowbabieslearn,you'rewelcome15．todial(dial)thephonenumber＋610894149099tocontactusatanytime.C(考查句型)Therebeingnocustomersatthishour,mymotherclosedhershop.Beforelongsheappearedinfrontofme.“Drinkthemilk16．beforeitbecomescoldandthengotosleep，”shesaidtome.Acompetitionwastotakeplacethenextday.17．Being(be)verygoodatsciencesubjects,Ihadagoodchanceofgaininghighgrades.18．Convinced(convince)thatIwouldnotletherdown,shestillexpectedmetosleepwellandrefreshmymindbeforethecompetition.“Don'tstayuptoolate,19．oryou'llfeeltiredtomorrow.”Ⅱ.语境短文改错(短文中有7处错误)IhadlongedforachancetoliveinanAfricancountryforacoupleofyears.ThedayfinallycamethatIwassenttoworkinEgypt.However,thingsdon'tworkoutashadbeenexpected.OnlyafterIgottheredidIrealizedhowdifficultitwastoliveinacompletedifferentculture.Itwasnotjustmatterofgettingusedtoit.Youhadtolearnhowtointegrateyourselfintotheirsociety.SometimesIgotdiscouragedwithsituationsthatwentagainsttomybelieformywill.Livingabroadissomethingreallyworththoughtabout.【答案】IhadlongedforachancetoliveinanAfricancountryforacoupleofyears.Thedayfinallycameeq\f(that,when)IwassenttoworkinEgypt.However,thingseq\f(don't,didn't)workoutashadbeenexpected.OnlyafterIgottheredidIeq\f(realized,realize)howdifficultitwastoliveinaeq\f(complete,completely)differentculture.Itwasnotjusteq\o(\s\up7(∧),a)matterofgettingusedtoit.Youhadtolearnhowtointegrateyourselfintotheirsociety.SometimesIgotdiscouragedwithsituationsthatwentagainsteq\o(﹨,to)mybelieformywill.Livingabroadissomethingreallywortheq\f(thought,thinking)about.Ⅲ.依据提示补全句子1．你便利时就来看我。Comeandseemewheneveritisconvenientforyou．2．身边应多准备一些开水，以备时常之需。Extraboiledwatershouldbekeptathandjustincaseitisneeded．3．冰加热时会变成水。(状语从句的省略)Whenheated，icecanbechangedintowater.4．我很少看到这么光明的月亮。RarelyhaveIseensuchabrightmoon.5．不要放弃，否则的话你会一事无成。Don'tgiveuporyouwillachievenothing．B：实力层面Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·湖南省六校联考)Whenyouthinkofbatteries，you'lllikelythinkaboutthempoweringupremotecontrols，cellphones，flashlightsandtoys.Butsomepeoplecarryabatteryaroundintheirbodytopowerapacemaker(起搏器)．Itisn'treallypleasantandeasytocarrybatteriesbecausetheyneedtobereplacedsooftenandtheycanleakpoisonouschemicals.Abattery­poweredpacemakermaybecomeathingofthepast，thankstoanewtechnologydevelopedbyUCLAresearchers:Abiologicalsupercapacitor(超级电容器)，whichisthinnerthanseveralhairs.TeamsofresearchersatUCLAandtheUniversityofConnecticutpublishedapaperinajournalexplainingtheirnewinvention.Thesupercapacitorismadefromacarbonmaterial，andcoatedwithhuman­likeproteinsthatactaselectrodes(电极)．Butwhatmakesthedevicedifferentisthatitispoweredbyanenergyharvesterthatchangesbodyheatandmovementinthebloodintoenergy.Thosetraditionalpacemakersaresixtoeightmillimetersthick.Theyaremuchbigger.Thenewsupercapacitor，which，duetoitslackofbattery，isonlyonemicrometerthick.This“little”featurecouldbenefitthenewpacemaker'senergyefficiency，researchersstated.Furthermore，unlikeotherbatteriesusedinmedicaltreatments，thesupercapacitorcanbendandtwistinthebodywithoutsufferingdamage.Thoughthey'venotbeenwidelyusedinthemedicalworld，supercapacitorshavetheabilitytoserveasasaferandmoreefficientmedicaldevicethanthetraditionalbattery­operateddevices，theresearchersbelieve.“Inordertobeeffective，battery­freepacemakersmusthavesupercapacitorsthatcanget，storeandtransportenergy.However，commercialsupercapacitorsaretooslowtomakethemwork”，saidMaherEl­Kady，aUCLAresearcherandco­authorofthestudy.“Ourresearchfocusedonthecustom­designedsupercapacitortocaptureenergyeffectively，andfindingawaytomakeitexisttogethersuccessfullywiththehumanbody.”【语篇解读】文章介绍了一项新的独创——超级电容器。它不须要电池，而且尺寸更小、更平安，能更好地为起搏器供能。1．Whatdoweknowabouttraditionalpacemakers?A．Theyareverypopularwithusers.B．Theyarethinnerthanseveralhairs.C．Theycandoharmtotheusers'bodies.D．Theyarereallyconvenienttocarryaround.C[细微环节理解题。依据第一段第三句可知，传统的起搏器须要常常更换电池，而且电池会泄漏有毒的化学物质，因此它们对人身体有害。故选C。]2．Whatisspecialaboutthenewsupercapacitor?A．Ithaselectrodesontheoutside.B．Itismadefromakindofproteinmaterial.C．Ithelpssavethecarriers'moneyandenergy.D．Itcantransformtheenergyfromthebody.D[细微环节理解题。依据其次段可知，超级电容器是由一个能量采集器驱动的，该能量采集器将身体热量和血液中的运动转化为能量，即转化来自身体的能量，故选D。]3．Whichofthefollowingmakesthenewpacemakerenergy­efficient?A．Thesmallsize.B．Thesmallbattery.C．Theenergyharvester.D．Thebendingandtwistingcharacters.A[细微环节理解题。依据第三段的内容，尤其是“This‘little’featurecouldbenefitthenewpacemaker'senergyefficiency”可知，这种“小”的特征有利于新起搏器的能效，即使它节能，故选A。]【干扰项分析】此题易误选C项。由第2题的解析可知，能量采集器转化来自身体的能量从而驱动超级电容器，未提到其帮助新起搏器节能。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ABattery­poweredPacemakerIsHarmingPeople'sBodyB．ANewPacemakerThatDoesn'tNeedtoUseBatteriesC．PeopleTodayAren'tWillingtoUsetheTraditionalPacemakerD．UCLAResearchersAreCommittedtotheMedicalEquipmentB[标题推断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一项新的独创，即用于起搏器的超级电容器，这种电容器不须要电池，故选B项。]B(2024·北京市西城区统一测试)Storeownershavebeeninventingnewtrickstogetconsumersintotheirstoresandpurchasingtheirgoods.Evenaswefindnewstrategiestoresist，neuroscientists(神经科学家)areemployedatmarketingagenciesacrossthecountrytobestfigureoutwhatisgoingthroughaconsumer'sbrainateachpointinthedecisionprocess.Weconsumersoverspendduetothefactthatwehaveafearofmissingthereallygooddealorhavingtopaymoreforthesamethingandlosemoney.Normally，theprefrontalcortex(额叶前皮层)controlsouremotionalreactionstothings，andkeepsusfromactingunreasonablybycalmingdownourfears.Butanadvertisercandisturbourprefrontalcortexjustbydisplayingflashydealsigns，encouragingittodomathonhowmuchmoneywemightsavenowbybuyingmoreofsomethingwedon'tactuallyneedyet.Nostalgia，thatregretfulaffectionforpastevents，isanotherstronginfluenceduringtheholidayseason，andit'sshapedbyemotion.Emotion—whethergoodorbad—enhancestheformationofmemories，engagingmorepartsofthebrain.Sohearinganephewsingingacarol，forinstance，mightreawakenmemoriesassociatedwiththatparticularsonginamuchmorepowerfulwaythanhearingthatsamenephewsinganothersong.Thesekindsofmemoriesarebroughtbackevenmoreeasilybysensoryinput.Thismightbewhyweareoftengreetedbyasensoryremindereverywherewegoinamonth.Whereveryoupurchasegifts，therearesocialinfluencesonwhatyoubuyaswell.Theholidaysareatimewhenweareespeciallyconditionedtopaymoreforthelabelbecausewe'rebuyinggifts.Receivingabrand­namegiftsendsthemessagethat“thispersonhasspentmoreonme，soheorshemustvaluememore”．Anditmakessense.Iftwothingsseemprettymuchthesame，howdoIknowwhichtochoose?Humanshavesurvivedasasocialspecies，andwehavetorelyoneachother.Sowhenourbrainsaretryingtomakedecisions，oneoftheshortcutsistoassumethatifalotofotherpeopleprefersomething(andhighercostisoftenapredictorofthat)，thentheremustbeareason.Muchofourholidayspendingisdrivenbyunplannedpurchases.Planahead，resisttheurgetopurchaseinamoment，makenotesforcomparisonshopping，andifthedealisactuallygood，thenitwillstandtheinspectionandyou'llfeelgoodaboutyourpurchaseslater.Beforeyoublowyourbudgetthisseason，rememberthatyourbrainmightbefoolingyouintopurchasingthethingsyoudon'tneed.【语篇解读】本文主要从三个方面分析了引起消费者过度消费的因素，即我们胆怯 失去真正好的交易或胆怯 不得不花费更多的钱买同样的东西、怀旧之情以及社交的影响。5．FromParagraph2，welearnthat________.A．theprefrontalcortexisthecalculationcenterB．thecommonconsumersalwaysactunreasonablyC．thesightofflashydealsignsmayfillconsumerswithfearD．theadvertisersmakeconsumerspaymoreforthesamethingC[推理推断题。依据其次段中的“wehaveafearofmissingthereallygooddealorhavingtopaymoreforthesamethingandlosemoney”和“Butanadvertisercandisturbourprefrontalcortex...wedon'tactuallyneedyet”可推知，看到惹眼的交易标记会使消费者心中充溢担忧，故选C。]6．AccordingtoParagraph3，whichofthefollowingcanworkonconsumers?A．Creatingafestivalatmosphere.B．Followingthecurrentfashion.C．Preparingmorefreesamples.D．Offeringabiggerdiscount.A[推理推断题。依据第三段中的“Nostalgia，thatregretfulaffectionforpastevents，isanotherstronginfluenceduringtheholidayseason，andit'sshapedbyemotion”并结合本段中举的例子可推知，节日氛围会激发消费者的怀旧之情，刺激他们消费，故A项正确。]7．Whydowebuybrand­namegiftsduringtheholiday?A．Theyaremorereliable.B．Theyareasignofsocialstatus.C．Theymakepeoplefeelvalued.D．Theyarefavoredbymostpeople.C[细微环节理解题。依据第四段中的“Receivingabrand­namegiftsendsthemessagethat‘thispersonhasspentmoreonme，soheorshemustvaluememore’”可知，人们买品牌礼物是为了让对方感觉自己很受重视，故选C。]8．Toavoidoverspending，theauthorsuggestswe________.A．buyinamomentB．reduceourbudgetC．returnunnecessaryproductsD．makeaplaninadvanceD[细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中的“Planahead，resisttheurgetopurchaseinamoment，makenotesforcomparisonshopping”可知，为了避开超支，作者建议人们在购物时要提前进行安排，故D选项正确。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·兰州市高三诊断考试)Iwasstandinginaclassofwild14­year­oldgirlsastheythrewpaperandhowled(大声叫喊)withlaughter.Theywouldn't1me.Iwas23andIdidn'tknowwhatIwasdoing.Ineverwantedto2．Iwantedtobeawriter.ButwhenIarrivedinLondon，theywereshortofteachers，notwriters.Myeffortstoteachwere3．Whenthebellfinallyrang，Irushedtothestaffroom，redwithanger.Theotherteachersweren't4.“That's4B，theworstclassinschool，”onesaid.Idreaded(胆怯 )ournext5，butIcouldn'tgiveup.Ineededthejob.So，I6formallessons.Instead，Ibrought7forclassdiscussions.Oneoftheliveliesttalkswasabouttheargumentstheyhadwiththeirparents.Theypaidattentionandsharedabouttheirlives.Iwas8．SoIhadthemwriteaboutthemselves.Mostwroteaboutfamilieswithlittlemoneyandbigproblems.Astimewenton，theiressaysbecamea9betweenus.Iadmiredtheirhumor，toughnessandinsight，andIthoughtthey10myinterestintheirlives.ThemusicalMyFairLadywasplayingintheWestEnd，buttheyhadneverseena11stageperformance.TheylivedjustafewsubwaystopsfromtheWestEnd，butnonehadeverbeenthere.Iaskedifthey'dliketoseethemusical.TheythoughtIwas12．Noteacherhadever13takingthemout.Afewweekslater，4BandIweresittingina14．Theylovedthemusic，thecostumesandthecharacters.Itwasthe15oftheiryear，andtheytalkedaboutitfordays.Neartheendofthesemester，someoneknockedonthedoorofthestaffroom.Thetwomostrebellious(叛逆的)girlsin4Bwerethere—withflowers.IwasproudtoknowIhad16theirlives.Ienjoyedteachingandgettingalongwith17．WhenIreturnedtoAustraliaseveralyearslater，Istillwantedtobea18.Forthefirsttimeinmylife，Istopped19andstartedwriting.MyfirststorywastitledMyFairLadies.Teachingwasn'tthe20ofmywritingcareer；itwasthebeginning.【语篇解读】“我”想做一名作家，但是伦敦缺的是老师，于是“我”做了一名老师。由于带了全校最差的班级，起先时“我”不知所措。后来“我”变更了常规的授课方式，激励学生们写自己经验的故事，带她们去观赏音乐剧。“我”的行为触动了她们的内心……1．A.listento B．hearaboutC．catchupwith D．takecareofA[依据上文可知，这些女生扔纸并大声谈笑；依据下文可知，23岁的“我”不知所措；据此可以推断，这些女生不听我讲话；A项意为“听……”，故A项正确。]2．Amunicate B．teachC．discuss D．workB[依据下文可知，“我”想要当一名作家；上文提到，对这群在教室里高声谈笑的女生“我”一筹莫展，据此可以推知，“我”不准备教学，B项意为“教学”，故B项正确。]3．A.successful B．persistentC．unforgettable D．hopelessD[依据下文可知，我气得脸都红了，同事告知我说这个班是最差的班；据此可以推知，我感到努力毫无希望；D项意为“无望的”，故D项正确。]4．A.embarrassed B．happyC．surprised D．worriedC[依据后句可知，其中一个老师告知我说，4B班是全校最差的班级；据此可以推知，对于这种状况，其他老师并不感到惊奇；C项意为“觉得惊奇的”，故C项正确。]5．A.appointment B．meetingC．task D．performanceB[依据上文可知，班里的女生高声谈笑不听“我”讲话，据此可以推知，“我”胆怯 和她们再次见面，B项意为“见面”，故B项正确。]6．A.abandoned B．designedC．took D．hatedA[依据后句中的“forclassdiscussions”可知，“我”放弃了常规教学，以班级探讨的方式取代；A项意为“放弃”，故A项正确。]7．A.papers B．rewardsC．topics D．assistantsC[依据该句中的“brought”，并结合语境可知，“我”准备了班级探讨的话题；C项意为“话题”，故C项正确。]8．A.fascinated B．disappointedC．puzzled D．relaxedA[依据后句可知，“我”让她们写下她们的故事；据此可以推知，“我”对她们的探讨很入迷；A项意为“入迷的”，故A项正确。]9．A.deal B．bridgeC．guide D．secretB[依据该句中的“betweenus”并结合语境可知，这些文章成了“我”和她们之间联系的桥梁；B项意为“桥梁”，故B项正确。]10．A.praised B．understoodC．ignored D．appreciatedD[依据上文可知，