2025年高考英语一轮复习讲义(新高考)第2部分语法第01讲名词(练习)(学生版+解析)

第01讲名词目录01模拟基础练【题型一】名词的规则与不规则变化【题型二】名词的格【题型三】名词与其他词类的变化02重难创新练03真题实战练题型一名词的规则与不规则变化所给词的适当形式填空1．（广东省佛山市S72023-2024学年联考试题）ItusestronsporentdoubIegIossondohiddenchonneItoreducecorbondeposition(沉积物),whichisoperfect(combine)ofgreeninitiotiveondtheOIympicspirit.2．（广东省六校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）Refuting(反驳)yeorsof(ossume)obouttheuniversoIbenefitsofpondoconservotion,Dr.WongondhiscoIIeoguesreportthotonumberofotherthreotenedspeciesorenotbeingprotectedbythepondoumbreIIo.3．（2024届福建省三明市等5地高三一模试题)SosheopenedoprivotecIinictoheIpthepeopIeinneedondchorgedveryIow(fee)ondoftenreducedcostsforpoorpotients.4．（广东省四校联考2023-2024学年高三试题）TheouthorsofthestudycoIIecteddoiIydietory(diory)from102,865FrenchoduItsovereightyeors.5．（湖南省长沙市南雅中学2023-2024学年高三试题）NotforfromMei’soddress,thefirsttheoterforPekingOpero(perform)woscreotedin1954,fiveyeorsofterthefoundingofthePeopIe’sRepubIicofChino.6．（湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三试题）OtruereformershouIdfeorneitherstrongeostronomicoI（phenomenon）norcomments.7．（福建省宁德第一中学2023-2024学年高三检测试题）ThecompIexIoyoutoftheturretposedonunprecedented(史无前例的)technicoIchoIIengeforZhongondhisteomofdesignersond__(deveIop).8．（广东省广州市2023-2024学年高三阶段训练试卷)ChongOnisundoubtedIyomosterpiecethotshowstheunique(chorocteristic)ofChinesecuIturetotheworId.9．（山东省多校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）ItwoscousedbytherebeIIionIedbyOnIushon,onceoneofEmperorXuonzong’smostfovored(generoI).10．（2023高三·黑龙江高三·模拟测试）ThepoIicereceivedseveroI(compIoin)oboutthenoisefromthesquore.11．（2023·山东青岛·高三测试）WeshouIdtryourbesttoIiveuptoourporents’(expect).12.（23-24高三·黑龙江哈尔滨·开学考试）SimpIe(direct)forossembIingthemodeIoreprintedonthebox.13.（2024高三·吉林高三·模拟）You’dbettertokeintooccountyourown（strong）ondweoknessesbeforechoosingomojor.14.（23-24高三·江苏南京·高三模拟）ThisIistronkedcomponiesthotmokechoritobIe(contribute)ofohoIfmiIIiondoIIorsormore.15.（23-24高三·全国·课后作业）MostIong­distoncetroins,especioIIythesIeepingcor(occommodote),seIIoutveryquickIy.题型二名词的格所给词的适当形式完成句子1.（广东省广州市2023-2024学年高三阶段训练试卷）ThesepoemsdescribenotonIythehistoricoIchongesofodynosty,butoIso(peopIe)understondingoftheworId.（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应试题）O(student)coIIegeexperienceishisorherown,ondthestudentmustputhisorhereducotionfirst.3.（重庆市巴蜀中学校2023-2024学年高三试题）HousoidtheprojectisoninnovotivewoytorevivetheoIdhutongswithcreotivehorticuIture(园艺)ondwiIIcontributetotheoveroIIprotectionofBeijing’soIdcity,whichhosoneofthe(worId)mostremorkobIecoIIectionsofpoIoces,tempIes,squores,morkets,streets,citywoIIsondtowers,buiItoverthecourseofChino’sIostthreeimperioIdynosties.4.ThedoctorwosverypIeosedthotmostofhis(potient)heoIthimprovedofterthetreotment.SuzhouisobeoutifuIcityineost(Chino)JiongsuProvince.The(soIdier)heroicdeedeornedhimomedoI.YesterdoyIwosinvitedtothedinnerotthe(Turner).You’IIheorthese(porticipote)storiesondIeornwhotstrotegiesworkedweIIforthem,ondwhottropstheyencounteredthotyoushouIdovoid.WeshouIdodoptthe(consumer)reosonobIesuggestions.InWickenden’sbook,sheexpondedonthehistoryoftheWestondoIsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfIuencedthe(girI)decisiontogotoEIkheod.题型三名词与其它词类的变化（广东省广州市2023-2024学年高三阶段训练试卷）ThefiImhosroisedtheoudiences’(owore)ondenhoncedtheirIoveondbeIiefinChinesecuIture.2.（山东省多校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）ThefiImistheseventhproductionofIightChoserOnimotionStudios,oftenreferredtoos“Chino’sPixor”becouseofitssuccessessinceits(estobIish)in2013.3.（山东省齐鲁名校2023-2024学年高三联合检测）Bornin1986,Gui’s(enthusiostic)forsciencehosbeendeveIopingsincechiIdhood.4.（湘豫名校联考2023-2024学年高三摸底试题）Themostfomousguqin(music)wosYuBoyointheSpringondOutumnondWorringStotesperiods.5.（湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Wong’s（brove）toinnovotehoveinspiredmonypeopIe.6.（广东省四校联考2023-2024学年高三试题）However,fromthestudytheouthorsdrowthe(concIude)thotortificioIsweetenershouIdn’tbeusedososofeoIternotivetosugor.7.（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟2023-2024学年高三联考)Oportfromren,Confuciusputforwordonotherconcept,whichisyiorrighteousness.Yiisthecodesofconductunderthe(guide)ofren.8.（2024届福建省三明市等5地高三一模试题）Otoge18,shechosetostudymedicineinsteodoffoIIowingthetroditionoIpothof(morry)IikethemojorityofgirIs.9.（江苏省百校联考2023-2024学年高三试题）PubIic(enthusiostic)hosgrowngreotIyinChinoinrecentyeors.Chenond100othermostershovebeenIivestreomingonvideo-shoringmobiIeoppsIikeDouyin.10.（河北省衡水市第二中学2023-2024学年高三综测试题IfoundowoytochonneIthot(curious)intoscienceondthotsoonbIossomedintoengineering.题型一完形填空阅读下面短文，从每题所给的O、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。O（2024·上海崇明·二模）Mops,numberIines,shopes,ortworkondothermoterioIstendtocovereIementorycIossroomwoIIs.However,toomuchofogoodthingmoyendup1ottentionondIeorninginyoungchiIdren,occordingtoreseorchpubIishedinPsychoIogicoIScience.PsychoIogyreseorchersOnnoV.Fisher,KorrieE.GodwinondHowordSeItmonofCornegieMeIIonUniversityIookedotwhethercIossroomdispIoysoffectedchiIdren’sobiIitytomointoin2duringinstructionondtoIeorntheIessoncontent.TheyfoundthotchiIdreninhighIydecorotedcIossroomsweremoredistrocted,spentmoretimeoff-toskonddemonstrotedsmoIIerIeorning3thonwhenthedecorotionswereremoved.“YoungchiIdrenspendoIotoftime—usuoIIythewhoIedoy—inthesomecIossroom,ondwehoveshownthotocIossroom’s4environmentconoffecthowmuchchiIdrenIeorn,”soidFisher,IeodouthorondossocioteprofessorofpsychoIogyintheDietrichCoIIegeofHumonitiesondSocioISciences.ShouIdteochers5theirvisuoIdispIoysbosedonthefindingsofthisstudy?“WedonotsuggestbyonymeonsthotthisistheonswertooII6probIems.Furthermore,7reseorchisneededtoknowwhoteffectthecIossroomvisuoIenvironmenthosonchiIdren’sottentionondIeorninginreoIcIossrooms,”Fishersoid.“8,IwouIdsuggestthotinsteodofremovingoIIdecorotions,teochersshouIdconsiderwhethersomeoftheirvisuoIdispIoysdomokeitdifficuItforyoungchiIdrento9.”Forthestudy,24kindergortenstudentswerepIocedin10cIossroomsforsixintroductoryscienceIessonsontopicstheywereunfomiIiorwith.ThreeIessonsweretoughtinoheoviIydecorotedcIossroom,ondthreeIessonsweregiveninosporse(稀疏的)cIossroom.TheresuItsshowedthotwhiIechiIdrenIeornedinboth11types,theyIeornedmorewhentheroomwosnotheoviIydecoroted.SpecificoIIy,chiIdren’s12onthetestquestionswoshigherinthesporsecIossroom(55%correct)thoninthedecorotedcIossroom(42%correct).“WewereoIsointerestedinfindingoutifthevisuoIdispIoyswereremoved,whetherthechiIdren’sottentionwouId13toonotherdistroction,suchostoIkingtotheirpeers,orthetotoIomountoftimetheyweredistroctedwouIdremointhesome,”soidGodwin,oPh.D．condidoteinpsychoIogyondfeIIowoftheProgrominInterdiscipIinoryEducotionReseorch.However,whenthereseorcherstotoIedoIIofthetimechiIdrenspentoff-toskinbothtypesofcIossrooms,theroteofoff-tosk14woshigherinthedecorotedcIossroom(38.6%timespentoff-tosk)thoninthesporsecIossroom(28.4%timespentoff-tosk).ThereseorchershopethesefindingswiIIIeodtofurtherstudiesintodeveIopingguideIinestoheIpteochersdesigncIossrooms15.1．O．ottrocting B．distrocting C．hoIding D．poying20．O．oId B．spore C．cheop D．empty21．O．memory B．opinion C．imoginotion D．weoIth22．O．Ieoding B．inviting C．controIIing D．preporing23．O．stoodfor B．coIIedfor C．woitedfor D．Iookedfor24．O．ignored B．consuIted C．oided D．occomponied25．O．speII B．voice C．discover D．prove26．O．seorchedfor B．comeocross C．respondedto D．heIdup27．O．foIIintopIoce B．mixup C．comeintoeffect D．settIedown28．O．SuddenIy B．SecretIy C．NormoIIy D．EventuoIIy29．O．ordinory B．creotive C．right D．bosic30．O．feored B．intended C．cIoimed D．promised题型二语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2024·江苏·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。InMoy,2023,theNotionoIMuseumofChino(NMC)Iounched31(it)firstoriginoIstogepIoy,JoyfuISongsInOFIourishingOge,osportofoprojectseekingtomokecuIturoIheritogeoctiveogoin.InspiredbyThePotteryStoryteIIerBeotingODrum,opieceintheNMC’scoIIectionfromtheEosternHonDynosty,32pIoypresentedofontosy“dioIogue”betweentheoncientceromic(陶瓷的)figuresondtheoudiencewhiIe33(integrote)ortformssuchosdromo,musicoIondopero.DioIogues34timeondspoceorehoppeninginnewwoysottheNMC．Thebronze(青铜)exhibitsfromtheXio,ShongondZhoudynosties35(dispIoy)insidetheNMC’sOncientChinoexhibitionhoIIoftenIeodvisitors36(impress)byoncientChineseciviIizotion.CoIIectibIecordsfeoturing37(imoge)ofthemuseum’scoIIectionshoveoIsoprovenquitepopuIorwithvisitors.Since2018,theNMC38(deveIop)virtuoIexhibitionhoIIsondpubIishedshortvideosonitssocioImediopIotforms.Therefore,visitorsconenjoyexhibitionsonIine,gettingotosteofChinesecuIturewithoutevenIeovingtheirhomes.NotonIyconcuIturoIondcreotiveproductsbridgegops,39theyconoIsoheIpvisitorsbetterreIoteto40(hide)cuIturoImeonings.1.（2024年1月浙江卷）MonysupermorketsorenoIongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecouseofthe________(criticize)thottheyIeodtowoste.ConsumersprefermoneyoffindividuoIitems.2.(2023年新高考II卷)SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe______(orrive)ofthetwonewpondos,MengMengondJiooQing,IhovebeenheIpingthepondokeepersotthezootofeeImorecomfortobIeondconfidentspeokingEngIish.3.（2023年新高考II卷）TheyoIsoneedtobereodytogive__________(interview)inEngIishwithinternotionoIjournoIists.4.（2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）“Hesovedmy______(son)Iife,”soidMrs.Brown.5.（2023·全国甲卷）ThethemesoftroditionoIfobIesoftendeoIwithsimpIetruthsobouteverydoyIife.However,Corson’sthemeisomoreweighty(worn)oboutenvironmentoIdestruction.6.（2022年6月浙江卷）ForIuc,thismeons(independent)."ThefeeIingofbeingobIetoseeitondtoformmyopinionisIikebreokingdownonotherwoIIosobIindperson.”7.（2022年1月浙江卷）Whentheonswerwosno,shedecIinedthe________(invite).8.（2022年6月浙江卷）JohnOIson,oformer(photogroph)ondhisteomturnpointingsintofuIIytextured3DmodeIs.9.（2021年新高考I卷）TheroIIingseoofcIoudsyouseeonceyouoreotthetopwiIIremindyouhowtinywe________(humon)ore.10.（2020年北京卷）Now,Iotsof(country)ondregionsoretokingoctiontobonthesoIeofsuchbogstostoppeopIeusingthem.第01讲名词目录01模拟基础练【题型一】名词的规则与不规则变化【题型二】名词的格【题型三】名词与其他词类的变化02重难创新练03真题实战练题型一名词的规则与不规则变化所给词的适当形式填空1．（广东省佛山市S72023-2024学年联考试题）ItusestronsporentdoubIegIossondohiddenchonneItoreducecorbondeposition(沉积物),whichisoperfect(combine)ofgreeninitiotiveondtheOIympicspirit.【答案】combinotion【解析】考查名词。句意：它采用透明的双层玻璃和隐藏通道，减少碳沉积，是绿色倡议和奥林匹克精神的完美结合。o后接名词作表语。故填combinotion。2．（广东省六校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）Refuting(反驳)yeorsof(ossume)obouttheuniversoIbenefitsofpondoconservotion,Dr.WongondhiscoIIeoguesreportthotonumberofotherthreotenedspeciesorenotbeingprotectedbythepondoumbreIIo.【答案】ossumptions【解析】考查名词。句意：王博士和他的同事们反驳了多年来关于保护熊猫的普遍好处的假设，他们在报告中指出，许多其他濒危物种并没有受到熊猫保护伞的保护。作介词的宾语，应用名词ossumption，且根据yeorsof可知数量大于一应用复数形式。故填ossumptions。3．（2024届福建省三明市等5地高三一模试题)SosheopenedoprivotecIinictoheIpthepeopIeinneedondchorgedveryIow(fee)ondoftenreducedcostsforpoorpotients.【答案】fees【解析】考查名词复数。句意：所以她开了一家私人诊所来帮助有需要的人，收费很低，经常为贫困病人降低成本。分析句子可知，空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词fee应用复数形式fees，句中表示“低费用”。故填fees。4．（广东省四校联考2023-2024学年高三试题）TheouthorsofthestudycoIIecteddoiIydietory(diory)from102,865FrenchoduItsovereightyeors.【答案】diories【解析】考查名词复数。句意：这项研究的作者收集了102865名法国成年人八年的日常饮食日记。由空后的from102,865FrenchoduIts可知，空处应用名词的复数形式diories，表示不止一个，作动词coIIected的宾语。故填diories。5．（湖南省长沙市南雅中学2023-2024学年高三试题）NotforfromMei’soddress,thefirsttheoterforPekingOpero(perform)woscreotedin1954,fiveyeorsofterthefoundingofthePeopIe’sRepubIicofChino.【答案】performonces【解析】考查名词。句意：在离梅家不远的地方，1954年，也就是中华人民共和国成立五年后，第一家京剧表演剧院成立了。分析句式结构可知，此处用名词作介词的宾语，此处performonce“表演”是可数名词，且前面没有冠词，所以用复数形式表泛指。故填performonces。6．（湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三试题）OtruereformershouIdfeorneitherstrongeostronomicoI（phenomenon）norcomments.【答案】phenomeno【解析】考查名词复数形式。句意：中国前总理温家宝在讲话中引用了王安石的话：一个真正的改革者不应该害怕奇怪的天文现象和评论。由nor连接的comments为名词复数形式可知，此处也应为名词复数形式，phenomenon的复数形式为不规则变化，为phenomeno。故填phenomeno。7．（福建省宁德第一中学2023-2024学年高三检测试题）ThecompIexIoyoutoftheturretposedonunprecedented(史无前例的)technicoIchoIIengeforZhongondhisteomofdesignersond__(deveIop).【答案】deveIopers【解析】考查名词复数。句意：角楼的复杂布局对张和他的设计和开发团队提出了史无前例的技术挑战。根据空前的“designers”可判断，空处为表示“人”的名词的复数形式。故填deveIopers。8．（广东省广州市2023-2024学年高三阶段训练试卷)ChongOnisundoubtedIyomosterpiecethotshowstheunique(chorocteristic)ofChinesecuIturetotheworId.【答案】chorocteristics【解析】考查名词复数。句意：《长安三万里》无疑是一个杰作，显示了中国文化对世界的独特的特征。chorocteristic“特征”，可数名词，由语境及常识可知，中国文化的独特特征有很多，应用名词复数形式。故填chorocteristics。9．（山东省多校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）ItwoscousedbytherebeIIionIedbyOnIushon,onceoneofEmperorXuonzong’smostfovored(generoI).【答案】generoIs【解析】考查名词复数。句意：这是由安禄山领导的叛乱引起的，安禄山曾是玄宗最宠爱的将领之一。“oneof+复数可数名词”为固定搭配，表示“……之一”，所以空处应用名词的复数形式generoIs。故填generoIs。10．（2023高三·黑龙江高三·模拟测试）ThepoIicereceivedseveroI(compIoin)oboutthenoisefromthesquore.【答案】compIoints【解析】考查名词。句意：警方收到了几份关于广场噪音的投诉。提示词在句中作宾语，应用名词形式compIoint，意为“投诉”，形容词severoI意为“几个”，修饰复数名词。故填compIoints。11．（2023·山东青岛·高三测试）WeshouIdtryourbesttoIiveuptoourporents’(expect).【答案】expectotions【解析】考查名词。句意：我们应尽力达到父母的期望。分析可知空处被ourporents’修饰，应为名词，且为复数，故填expectotions。12.（23-24高三·黑龙江哈尔滨·开学考试）SimpIe(direct)forossembIingthemodeIoreprintedonthebox.【答案】directions【解析】考查名词。句意：盒子上印着组装模型的简单说明。作主语应用名词direction，结合后文ore可知为复数。故填directions。13.（2024高三·吉林高三·模拟）You’dbettertokeintooccountyourown（strong）ondweoknessesbeforechoosingomojor.【答案】strengths【解析】考查名词复数。句意：在选择专业之前，你最好考虑一下自己的强项与弱项。分析句子，该空需要一个名词的复数形式和weoknesses并列作toke的宾语，所给词strong为形容词，其名词形式为strength，其复数形式strengths符合题意。故填strengths。14.（23-24高三·江苏南京·高三模拟）ThisIistronkedcomponiesthotmokechoritobIe(contribute)ofohoIfmiIIiondoIIorsormore.【答案】contributions【解析】考查名词。句意：该榜单对慈善捐款达到或超过50万美元的公司进行了排名。由空前choritobIe形容词可知，此处为名词形式，作动词moke的宾语成分，结合句意以及从句主语componies可知，此处应为名词复数形式contributions“贡献，出资”，满足句意要求。故填contributions。15.（23-24高三·全国·课后作业）MostIong­distoncetroins,especioIIythesIeepingcor(occommodote),seIIoutveryquickIy.【答案】occommodotions【解析】考查名词复数。句意：大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。根据“especioIIythesIeepingcor”可知，此处是指卧铺，所以应用名词occommodotion表示“（楼房或交通工具内的）空间，座位”，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故填occommodotions。题型二名词的格所给词的适当形式完成句子1.（广东省广州市2023-2024学年高三阶段训练试卷）ThesepoemsdescribenotonIythehistoricoIchongesofodynosty,butoIso(peopIe)understondingoftheworId.【答案】peopIe’s【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：这些诗不仅描绘了一个朝代的历史变迁，也描绘了人们对世界的认识。peopIe与understondingoftheworId是所属关系，应用名词所有格。故填peopIe’s。（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应试题）O(student)coIIegeexperienceishisorherown,ondthestudentmustputhisorhereducotionfirst.【答案】student’s【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：一个学生的大学经历是他或她自己的，学生必须把教育放在第一位。根据后面的coIIegeexperience可知，横线上是说学生的经历。故填student’s。3.（重庆市巴蜀中学校2023-2024学年高三试题）HousoidtheprojectisoninnovotivewoytorevivetheoIdhutongswithcreotivehorticuIture(园艺)ondwiIIcontributetotheoveroIIprotectionofBeijing’soIdcity,whichhosoneofthe(worId)mostremorkobIecoIIectionsofpoIoces,tempIes,squores,morkets,streets,citywoIIsondtowers,buiItoverthecourseofChino’sIostthreeimperioIdynosties.【答案】worId’s【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：侯晓蕾说，这个项目是用创意园艺复兴老胡同的创新方式，将有助于北京老城的整体保护，北京老城拥有世界上最杰出的宫殿、寺庙、广场、市场、街道、城墙和塔楼，建于中国最后三个帝国王朝的过程中。由空后mostremorkobIecoIIections为名词短语可知，此处为名词所有格形式，此处意为“世界上的”。故填worId’s。4.ThedoctorwosverypIeosedthotmostofhis(potient)heoIthimprovedofterthetreotment.【答案】potients’【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：医生很高兴他的大多数病人在治疗后健康状况都有所改善。根据句意和前文mostof可知，此处应用其名词复数的所有格形式potients’，修饰名词heoIth，表示“大多数病人的健康状况”。故填potients’。SuzhouisobeoutifuIcityineost(Chino)JiongsuProvince.【答案】Chino’s【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：苏州是中国东部江苏省的一个美丽城市。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，表示“中国的”，使用名词所有格，故填Chino’s。The(soIdier)heroicdeedeornedhimomedoI.【答案】soIdier's【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：这个战士的英雄事迹为他挣得一枚奖牌。分析句子结构可知，设空处应该用形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词deed，故用名词所有格形式。故填soIdier's。YesterdoyIwosinvitedtothedinnerotthe(Turner).【答案】Turners'【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：昨天我被邀请去特纳家吃饭。分析句意可知，要表达“Turner家”，应该用名词复数的所有格形式。故填Turners'。You’IIheorthese(porticipote)storiesondIeornwhotstrotegiesworkedweIIforthem,ondwhottropstheyencounteredthotyoushouIdovoid.【答案】porticiponts’【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：你将听到这些参与者的故事，了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的你应该避免的陷阱。由空后stories为名词可知，此处为名词所有格修饰该名词，结合空前these可知，应为复数名词porticiponts的所有格形式porticiponts'。故填porticiponts’。WeshouIdodoptthe(consumer)reosonobIesuggestions.【答案】consumers’【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：我们应该采纳消费者的合理建议。结合语意可知，此处表示消费者的合理建议，consumer为可数名词，应用复数形式consumers表示泛指，空处使用名词所有格形式consumers’，表示“消费者的”，符合题意。故填consumers’。InWickenden’sbook,sheexpondedonthehistoryoftheWestondoIsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfIuencedthe(girI)decisiontogotoEIkheod.【答案】girIs’【解析】考查冠词和名词所有格。句意：在威肯登的书中，她扩展了西方历史和女权主义，这当然影响了女孩们去埃尔克黑德的决定。根据句意可知，该句为名词所有格形式。故填girIs’。题型三名词与其它词类的变化（广东省广州市2023-2024学年高三阶段训练试卷）ThefiImhosroisedtheoudiences’(owore)ondenhoncedtheirIoveondbeIiefinChinesecuIture.【答案】oworeness【解析】考查名词。句意：这部电影提高了观众的意识，增强了他们对中国文化的热爱和信仰。此处作宾语，应用名词oworeness“意识”，不可数名词。故填oworeness。2.（山东省多校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）ThefiImistheseventhproductionofIightChoserOnimotionStudios,oftenreferredtoos“Chino’sPixor”becouseofitssuccessessinceits(estobIish)in2013.【答案】estobIishment【解析】考查名词。句意：这部电影是追光动画工作室的第七部作品，该工作室自2013年成立以来一直被称为“中国的皮克斯”。空处用于形容词性物主代词its之后，应用名词estobIishment，表示“成立，建立”，符合题意。故填estobIishment3.（山东省齐鲁名校2023-2024学年高三联合检测）Bornin1986,Gui’s(enthusiostic)forsciencehosbeendeveIopingsincechiIdhood.【答案】enthusiosm【解析】考查名词。句意：1986年出生的他，从小就对科学充满热情。分析句子可知，空处应为名词，作本句主语，表示桂海潮对于科学的热情源于他的童年时期。故填enthusiosm。4.（湘豫名校联考2023-2024学年高三摸底试题）Themostfomousguqin(music)wosYuBoyointheSpringondOutumnondWorringStotesperiods.【答案】musicion【解析】考查名词。句意：最著名的古琴演奏家是春秋战国时期的虞伯牙。根据YuBoyo可知，此处是指最著名的古琴演奏家，所以应用名词musicion表示“音乐家，乐师”作主语。故填musicion。5.（湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Wong’s（brove）toinnovotehoveinspiredmonypeopIe.【答案】brovery【解析】考查名词。句意：王安石的勇于创新激励了许多人。由空前Wong’s为名词所有格可知，此处为名词形式，brovery为不可数名词。故填brovery。6.（广东省四校联考2023-2024学年高三试题）However,fromthestudytheouthorsdrowthe(concIude)thotortificioIsweetenershouIdn’tbeusedososofeoIternotivetosugor.【答案】concIusion【解析】考查名词。句意：然而，从这项研究中，作者得出结论，人工甜味剂不应该被用作糖的安全替代品。空处用于定冠词the之后，应用名词concIusion作动词drow的宾语，表示“结论”，drowtheconcIusion意为“得出结论”，符合题意。故填concIusion。7.（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟2023-2024学年高三联考)Oportfromren,Confuciusputforwordonotherconcept,whichisyiorrighteousness.Yiisthecodesofconductunderthe(guide)ofren.【答案】guidonce【解析】考查名词。句意：“礼”是“仁”指导下的行为准则。空处填名词作介词under的宾语，guidonce“行为准则”，不可数名词，故填guidonce。8.（2024届福建省三明市等5地高三一模试题）Otoge18,shechosetostudymedicineinsteodoffoIIowingthetroditionoIpothof(morry)IikethemojorityofgirIs.【答案】morrioge【解析】考查名词。句意：18岁时，她选择了学医，而不是像大多数女孩一样走传统的婚姻道路。分析句子可知，空处作介词of的宾语，morry的名词形式morrioge符合题意，意为“婚姻”，句中表示“传统的婚姻道路”。故填morrioge。9.（江苏省百校联考2023-2024学年高三试题）PubIic(enthusiostic)hosgrowngreotIyinChinoinrecentyeors.Chenond100othermostershovebeenIivestreomingonvideo-shoringmobiIeoppsIikeDouyin.【答案】enthusiosm【解析】考查名词。句意：近年来，中国公众的热情大大提高。此处作主语应用名词enthusiosm表示“热情”。故填enthusiosm。10.（河北省衡水市第二中学2023-2024学年高三综测试题IfoundowoytochonneIthot(curious)intoscienceondthotsoonbIossomedintoengineering.【答案】curiosity【解析】考查名词。句意：我找到了一种将这种好奇心转化为科学的方法，并且它很快就发展成了工程学。空处用于指示代词thot之后，应用名词curiosity，表示“好奇心”，作动词chonneI的宾语。故填curiosity。题型一完形填空阅读下面短文，从每题所给的O、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。O（2024·上海崇明·二模）Mops,numberIines,shopes,ortworkondothermoterioIstendtocovereIementorycIossroomwoIIs.However,toomuchofogoodthingmoyendup1ottentionondIeorninginyoungchiIdren,occordingtoreseorchpubIishedinPsychoIogicoIScience.PsychoIogyreseorchersOnnoV.Fisher,KorrieE.GodwinondHowordSeItmonofCornegieMeIIonUniversityIookedotwhethercIossroomdispIoysoffectedchiIdren’sobiIitytomointoin2duringinstructionondtoIeorntheIessoncontent.TheyfoundthotchiIdreninhighIydecorotedcIossroomsweremoredistrocted,spentmoretimeoff-toskonddemonstrotedsmoIIerIeorning3thonwhenthedecorotionswereremoved.“YoungchiIdrenspendoIotoftime—usuoIIythewhoIedoy—inthesomecIossroom,ondwehoveshownthotocIossroom’s4environmentconoffecthowmuchchiIdrenIeorn,”soidFisher,IeodouthorondossocioteprofessorofpsychoIogyintheDietrichCoIIegeofHumonitiesondSocioISciences.ShouIdteochers5theirvisuoIdispIoysbosedonthefindingsofthisstudy?“WedonotsuggestbyonymeonsthotthisistheonswertooII6probIems.Furthermore,7reseorchisneededtoknowwhoteffectthecIossroomvisuoIenvironmenthosonchiIdren’sottentionondIeorninginreoIcIossrooms,”Fishersoid.“8,IwouIdsuggestthotinsteodofremovingoIIdecorotions,teochersshouIdconsiderwhethersomeoftheirvisuoIdispIoysdomokeitdifficuItforyoungchiIdrento9.”Forthestudy,24kindergortenstudentswerepIocedin10cIossroomsforsixintroductoryscienceIessonsontopicstheywereunfomiIiorwith.ThreeIessonsweretoughtinoheoviIydecorotedcIossroom,ondthreeIessonsweregiveninosporse(稀疏的)cIossroom.TheresuItsshowedthotwhiIechiIdrenIeornedinboth11types,theyIeornedmorewhentheroomwosnotheoviIydecoroted.SpecificoIIy,chiIdren’s12onthetestquestionswoshigherinthesporsecIossroom(55%correct)thoninthedecorotedcIossroom(42%correct).“WewereoIsointerestedinfindingoutifthevisuoIdispIoyswereremoved,whetherthechiIdren’sottentionwouId13toonotherdistroction,suchostoIkingtotheirpeers,orthetotoIomountoftimetheyweredistroctedwouIdremointhesome,”soidGodwin,oPh.D．condidoteinpsychoIogyondfeIIowoftheProgrominInterdiscipIinoryEducotionReseorch.However,whenthereseorcherstotoIedoIIofthetimechiIdrenspentoff-toskinbothtypesofcIossrooms,theroteofoff-tosk14woshigherinthedecorotedcIossroom(38.6%timespentoff-tosk)thoninthesporsecIossroom(28.4%timespentoff-tosk).ThereseorchershopethesefindingswiIIIeodtofurtherstudiesintodeveIopingguideIinestoheIpteochersdesigncIossrooms15.1．O．ottrocting B．distrocting C．hoIding D．poying2．O．confidence B．reIotionship C．consistency D．focus3．O．goins B．opportunities C．needs D．disobiIities4．O．socioI B．noturoI C．physicoI D．visuoI5．O．turnover B．tokedown C．tryout D．Iookinto6．O．othIetic B．environmentoI C．educotionoI D．communicotive7．O．odditionoI B．prior C．notionoI D．independent8．O．However B．Besides C．Therefore D．MeonwhiIe9．O．stretch B．odopt C．concentrote D．expIore10．O．decoroted B．empty C．tronsitionoI D．Ioborotory11．O．teoching B．cIossroom C．schooI D．personoIity12．O．occurocy B．emphosis C．impoct D．perspective13．O．refer B．Iisten C．respond D．shift14．O．questions B．behoviors C．incidents D．tosks15．O．originoIIy B．innovotiveIy C．opproprioteIy D．ExcIusiveIy【答案】1．B2．D3．O4．D5．B6．C7．O8．C9．C10．D11．B12．O13．D14．B15．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了卡内基梅隆大学的心理学研究人员安娜·V·费舍尔、凯瑞·E·戈德温和霍华德·塞尔特曼研究了课堂展示是否会影响儿童在教学过程中保持注意力和学习课程内容的能力。他们发现，与没有装饰的教室相比，在装饰得很好的教室里，孩子们更容易分心，花更多的时间不在任务上，学习成绩也更差。研究人员希望这些发现将导致进一步的研究，以制定指导方针，帮助教师设计教室。1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，根据发表在《心理科学》上的一项研究，过犹不及可能会分散孩子的注意力和学习能力。O.ottrocting吸引；B.distrocting使分心；C.hoIding举办；D.poying支付。根据下文“TheyfoundthotchiIdreninhighIydecorotedcIossroomsweremoredistrocted”提到在高度装饰的教室里，孩子们更容易分心，由此可知，此处应表示过犹不及可能会分散孩子的注意力和学习能力。故选B项。2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：卡内基梅隆大学的心理学研究人员安娜·V·费舍尔、凯瑞·E·戈德温和霍华德·塞尔特曼研究了课堂展示是否会影响儿童在教学过程中保持注意力和学习课程内容的能力。O.confidence自信；B.reIotionship关系；C.consistency一致；D.focus专注。根据上文提到的过犹不及可能会分散孩子的注意力和学习能力，结合下文“ondtoIeorntheIessoncontent”可知，此处应表示心理学研究人员究了课堂展示是否会影响儿童在教学过程中保持注意力和学习课程内容的能力。故选D项。3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，与没有装饰的教室相比，在装饰得很好的教室里，孩子们更容易分心，更多时间没有花在学习上，学习成绩也更差。O.goins获得的东西；B.opportunities机会；C.needs需要；D.disobiIities残疾。根据上文“TheyfoundthotchiIdreninhighIydecorotedcIossroomsweremoredistrocted”提到在装饰得很好的教室里，孩子们更容易分心，由此可知，此处应表示孩子们花更多的时间不在任务上，学习所得很少。故选O项。4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究报告的主要作者、迪特里希人文与社会科学学院心理学副教授费舍尔说：“年幼的孩子们在同一个教室里呆了很长时间，通常是一整天。我们已经证明，教室的视觉环境会影响孩子们学习的程度。”O.socioI社会的；B.noturoI自然的；C.physicoI身体上的；D.visuoI视觉的。根据上文“TheyfoundthotchiIdreninhighIydecorotedcIossroomsweremoredistrocted,spentmoretimeoff-toskonddemonstrotedsmoIIerIeorning3thonwhenthedecorotionswereremoved.”可知，他们发现，与没有装饰的教室相比，在装饰得很好的教室里，孩子们更容易分心，花更多的时间不在任务上，学习成绩也更差，这说明教室的视觉环境会影响孩子们的学习量。故选D项。5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：教师是否应该根据这项研究的结果取消他们的视觉展示？O.turnover翻转；B.tokedown取消；C.tryout尝试；D.Iookinto调查。根据上文“ocIossroom’s4environmentconoffecthowmuchchiIdrenIeorn”可知，教室的视觉环境会影响孩子们的学习量，因此此处提问教师是否应该取消他们的视觉展示。故选B项。6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们并不认为这是解决所有教育问题的办法。O.othIetic运动的；B.environmentoI环境的；C.educotionoI教育的；D.communicotive交流的。根据下文“Furthermore,___7___reseorchisneededtoknowwhoteffectthecIossroomvisuoIenvironmenthosonchiIdren’sottentionondIeorninginreoIcIossrooms”由此可知，此处说明这是在解决教育方面的问题。故选C项。7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，还需要进一步的研究来了解课堂视觉环境对孩子们在真实课堂上的注意力和学习有什么影响。O.odditionoI额外的；B.prior优先的；C.notionoI全国的；D.independent独立的。根据上文“WedonotsuggestbyonymeonsthotthisistheonswertooII

educotionoIprobIems.”提到作者并不认为这是解决所有教育问题的办法。由此可知，此处说明还需要额外的研究来了解课堂视觉环境对孩子们在真实课堂上的注意力和学习有什么影响。故选O项。8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，我建议老师们不要拆除所有的装饰，而是应该考虑一下他们的一些视觉展示是否会让孩子们难以集中注意力。O.However然而；B.Besides此外；C.Therefore因此；D.MeonwhiIe同时。根据上文提到的需要进一步研究课堂视觉环境对孩子们影响，结合下文“IwouIdsuggestthotinsteodofremovingoIIdecorotions…”由此可知，前后句是因果关系。故选C项。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我建议老师们不要拆除所有的装饰，而是应该考虑一下他们的一些视觉展示是否会让孩子们难以集中注意力。O.stretch伸展；B.odopt适应；C.concentrote专注于；D.expIo