浙江省金华市十校高三下学期4月模拟考试预演英语试卷

金华十校2024年4月高三模拟考试预演英语试卷本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第卷（非选择题）,共150分,考试时间120分钟。请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂写在答题纸上。第I卷（选择题,共95分）第一部分听力（共两节,满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分）听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题,每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthegirllikeinthehistoryarea?A.Thefriendlypeople. B.Thequietenvironment. C.Thefortablechairs.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:WhenI’minthelibrary,Ilikesittingatthelongtablesinthereferencesection.It’squietthere.W:Iprefertoreadinthechairsinthehistoryarea.Theymakemerelaxed.M:Butthere’realwaystoomanypeopletalkingthere2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Onwhichdaydopeoplegoouttothankhealthworkers?A.Tuesday. B.Wednesday. C.Thursday.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:EveryThursday,at8:00p.m.,peoplegooutintothestreetandclap.Theydoittosaythankyoutohealthworkers.W:Yes,IreadaboutthatonTuesday.Shallwejoinintomorrow?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howisthemanpreparingtousethetools?A.Bylearningatwork. B.Bywatchingonlinevideos. C.Byreadingtheinstructions.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Doyouknowhowtousethosepowertools?Idon’twantyoutogethurt.Pleasereadtheinstructions.M:Ihavebeenwatchingvideosonthiswebsite.Don’tforget,Iusedtoworkwithaprofessional.Heshowedmeallthesetools.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman?A.Heisn’thardworking. B.Heisn’tstrong. C.Heisn’tpolite.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Howmuchdoyouweigh?Itcan’tbealot.Youlookprettylight,butyou’realsoverystrong.I’veseenyouliftalotofweight.W:It’srudetoaskaladyhowmuchsheweighs!Ithinkyouneedsomelessonsinmanners.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.ATVshow. B.Asportsstar. C.Amusiclesson.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:IfyouwereonthisTVshow,whattopicwouldyouanswerquestionson?Ithinkyou’dbegreatatJamesBond.M:No,Ihaven’tseentherecentonespastthe1990s.I’dbeuselessatmusictoo.Probablysport.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatsubjectdidthemanearnhisdegreein?A.German. B.Philosophy. C.Psychology.7.WhydoesthemanwishhehadlearnedSpanish?A.HelikesSpanishculture.B.Hethinksitwouldbemoreuseful.C.HewantstoworkinSouthAmerica.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】W:WhatdidyoustudywhenyoulivedinLondon?M:Ihaveadegreeinpsychology.ButwhenyoustudyintheUnitedKingdom,youneedtostudythreesubjectstobeginwith.W:Whatwereyourothertwo?M:PhilosophyandGerman.It’sgoodformyfuturecareerifIcanspeakalanguage,butIwishI’dlearnedSpanishinstead.W:Whyisthat?M:IlikeGermanculture,andI’vebeenthereafewtimes,butalotmorepeopleintheworldspeakSpanish.W:ItwouldbeusefulifyoueverworkedinSouthAmerica.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatwillthewomandofirst?A.Washherhands. B.Answerthephone. C.Writeupanorder.9.Whatdoesthemanneednow?A.Someoil. B.Somevegetables. C.Someeggs.10.Wherewillthewomanlookfortheitem?A.Ontheshelf. B.Nearthestairs. C.Inthebox.【答案】8.A9.A10.B【解析】【原文】M:Canyouanswerthephoneifsomeonecalls?Ineedtowriteupthisorder.Itisgoingtotakemeafewminutes.W:Sure,butletmegotowashmyhandsfirst.Iwasjustcuttingupsomehotpeppers.M:OK.Sinceyouaregoingdownstairs,canyoubringmeupsomevegetableoilfromtheshelf?IforgottogetitbeforewhenIbroughtuptheeggsandflourfromthecupboard.W:Sure.Butsincewemovedeverythingarounddownthere,Idon’tknowwhereitis.Woulditbeontheshelfstill?M:No.Imovedmostthingsfromtheshelfupintothekitchen.Nowthatwehavetheextraspace,Ithoughtit’dbeeasier.Theoilshouldbenexttotheboxesonthefloor.Theyarerightbythestairs.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatsportisthewomangoodat?A.Bowling. B.Football. C.Badminton.12Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Coworkers. B.Cousins. C.Teammates.13.Whatwillthemandonext?A.CallDave. B.SendanemailtoHenry. C.Getatickettoanexhibition.【答案】11.C12.A13.B【解析】【原文】M:HeyBarbara,mybowlingteamisaplayershortforatournament.Doyouwanttojoinus?W:I’mnotreallygoodatbowling.Ifitwasbadminton,I’dbetherightperson.M:Well,weneedsomeone.Otherwise,wewillloseourplace.W:I’lltellyouwhat.I’lldoitifyoucannotfindanyonebetterthanme.M:Well,thetournamentistomorrownightat7:00p.m.Notsureifwewillfindanyoneelsebythen.W:Letmeaskaround.MycousinDaveusedtoplaybowling,butIdon’tknowwhenhelastplayed.M:Well,ifheisavailable,thespotishis.W:Ohno,I’vejustrememberedthatwe’regoingtoanewmuseumexhibitiontomorrow.M:Nottoworry,we’llfindsomeoneelse.W:WhataboutHenry?He’sourboss,buthe’squitesporty.Heplaysfootball.M:Greatidea.I’lldrophimanemail.W:SorryIcouldn’tdoit.Butifitwasme,you’dprobablylose.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inamuseum. B.Inalibrary. C.Inastudio.15.Whoistheman’sbiggesthero?A.Kristal. B.Ansel. C.Ronald.16.Whatdidthemandointhesummer?A.HewenttoAnsel’shouse.B.Hewentfishingwithhisfriends.C.Hewenthikinginamountainalone.17.Whatdoesthemando?A.He’sadesigner. B.He’saphotographer. C.He’sateacher.【答案】14.A15.A16.C17.A【解析】【原文】W:Ronald,itislovelythatyouagreedtoeanddothisforme.M:Don’tworryaboutitonebit.You’lldogreat.Thislittleinterviewisnothing,paredtosettingupthisbeautifulmuseum.W:Thankyou.Whowouldyousayisyourbiggesthero?M:Well,youalreadyknowtheanswertothat,Kristal.MyadviserwasAnselAdams,thegreatnaturephotographer.W:AndwheredidyoumeetAnsel?M:Well,it’sanoddstoryactually.Iwaswithmyfriendsinthesummerandtheywantedtogofishingthatday.ItoldthemIwouldratherwalkthroughthewoods,soIhikedamountaintorelaxalone,andranintoAnselatthetop.W:Letmeguess.Hewastakingpicturesoftherocks?M:Almost.Hewastakingpicturesofaspecialcloud.Immediately,hebegantellingmeeverythingapersoncouldknowaboutclouds.Hewasawealthofinformation.TheamountofknowledgethatAnselhadwasimportanttome.However,itwasthepurejoyandloveforteachingandappreciatingphotographythatgotme.W:Andnowyouownyourownstudio,youdesignclothingandwillsoonhaveapermanentsectionhereatthemodernmuseumofartandtechnology.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.Whichcourseisthemostpopularaccordingtothespeaker?A.TheStudySkillscourse.B.TheApplicationHelpcourse.C.TheAdvancedTestingcourse.19.Howmuchwillitcosttotakeallthreecourses?A.$150. B.$200. C.$250.20.Whatwillpeopledotosignupforthedeal?A.GototheChicagooffice. B.Filloutaformonline. C.Callanadvisor.【答案】18.C19.B20.B【解析】【原文】Forthismonthonly,theLearningCenterishavingasaleonourthreeuniversitypreparationcourses.OurApplicationHelpcoursewilltakedaysandevenweekstofinishtheprocessalone.Theseniorstudents’StudySkillscoursefocusesontimemanagementandlearninghowtoorganizenotes.Lastly,ourAdvancedTestingcoursewillcoverthetopicsyoumustknowforuniversityentranceexams.Thiscourseisfilledupmorequicklythantheothers,soyoumustactnowtogetin.Ourdealcutsthepriceofeachcourseinhalf.Insteadof$150foreachtwoweekcourse,you’llpay$75percourse.However,ourbestdealistobuyallthreecoursesnow.Thisspecialpricewillsaveyou$250offthenormalpriceofallthreecourses.Actnowandyoucanhaveallthreecoursesforonly$200.OurdealisonlyavailabletothosewhosignuponthewebsitebeforetheendofApril.Justfillouttheformandwewillputyournamedowntosavethespot.Ifyouoryourparentswishtoknowmore,youcangivemeoranotheradvisoracallatourChicagooffice.第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AABCmouseABCmouseisoneofthemostwellknownlearntoreadappsforchildren.Withitsexpertmadecurriculum,theprogramoffersendlesshoursofcontentforchildrenaged2to8.Theinteractiveappoffersthousandsofactivitiestohelpdevelopthisessentialskill,withlessonsthatexposestudentstomath,arts,andscienceatageappropriatelevelstoo.Thecostafterfreetrialisaround$15permonth.Familieswhopurchaseafullyear’ssubscriptioncangetabout70%offtheprice.HomerHomerprovidesapersonalizedlearningpathforchildrenaged2to8.Childrenwilllearnreading,math,creativethinking,andproblemsolvingskillsinafunandengagingway.Insteadofaonesizefitsmostapproach,Homercustomizeslearningplansandallowsstudentstotaketheleadindecidingwhattheywanttoworkon.Thepricepointisinlinewithsimilarappsatabout$5permonthafterafreetrial,orroughly$60forafullyearor$100forlifetimeaccess.HookedonPhonicsHookedonPhonicsisanexceptionaltoolforhomeschoolers,withawiderangeoflessons,games,andfunactivities.Itisoneofthemostpopularbrandsforteachingkidstoread,anditsintegratedsystemmakesitanidealoptionforhomeschoolingstudents.Childrenareintroducedtoeachnewconceptthroughaseriesoffunactivities,videos,andevensongs.Thesystemisalittlebitpricierthanotherapps,atabout$16permonthafteratrialmonthforroughly$1.FarFariaFarFariainviteschildrentojoininonamagicaladventurethatincludesislandhoppingandthechoicebetweenreadingthestoryorhavingitnarratedpletelywithfun,magicalanimation.Whilethefreemembershipoffersonestoryaday,paidsubscribersunlockaccesstounlimitedadventuresatroughly$8permonth.Readerscaneitherreadthebooksthemselvesortakeadvantageofthe“readtome”optiontohavestoriesreadaloudbyprofessionalnarrators.21.ForanannualsubscriptiontoABCmouse,howmuchdoesafamilyneedtopay?A.$54. B.$105. C.$126. D.$180.22.Whichappbestsuitschildrenwhoaretaughtathome?A.ABCmouse. B.Homer.C.HookedonPhonics. D.FarFaria.23.Whichsectionofnewspaperisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Finance. B.Science. C.Culture. D.Education.【答案】21.A22.C23.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个学习软件：ABCmouse(开心鼠英语)，Homer(Homer学习软件)，HookedonPhonics(美国自然拼读)以及FarFaria(FarFaria学习软件)，并对其各自特色和收费进行了详细说明。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“ABCmouse”部分内容“Thecostafterfreetrialisaround$15permonth.Familieswhopurchaseafullyear’ssubscriptioncangetabout70%offtheprice.(免费试用后的费用约为每月15美元。购买一整年订阅的家庭可以帮你节省原价的70%。)”可知，费用为每月15美元，一年应是“15*12=180”，同时全年订阅可以帮你节省原价的70%，即，按价格的3折计算，180*(170%)=54。故选A项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“HookedonPhonics”部分内容“Itisoneofthemostpopularbrandsforteachingkidstoread,anditsintegratedsystemmakesitanidealoptionforhomeschoolingstudents.(它是教孩子阅读的最受欢迎的品牌之一，它的集成系统使它成为在家上学的学生的理想选择。)”可知，HookedonPhonics平台是在家上学的学生的理想选择。故选C项。【23题详解】推理判断题。通过阅读文章可知，“ABCmouse(开心鼠英语)”，“Homer(Homer学习软件)”，“HookedonPhonics(美国自然拼读)”以及“FarFaria(FarFaria学习软件)”四个部分分别介绍了该平台的教育信息和收费方式，由此可推知，该篇文章来自于报纸上的教育专栏。故选D项。BWhenParamJaggiwasfiveyearsold,hehadapassiontotakethingsaparttoseewhatwasinside.Hestartedwithtoysandevenbrokeaputer,whichmadehisparentsnottoopleased.Ashegotolder,heshiftedfrombreakingthingstobuildingthings,whichgreatlyfortedhisparents.Inmiddleschool.hestartedworkingonprojectsinhiskitchenlaboratory,andhisfirstprojectwasmakingbiofuels.AlthoughJaggi’sparentsinitiallythoughthisexperimentswerejust.aboyhoodfancy,heremaineddeterminedtomakeadifferencetotheenvironment.Eventually,hisparentscamearoundandstartedsupportinghisdreams.Jaggi’sinterestcontinuedashegrewup,buthefocusedmoreonsolvingrealproblems,especiallythoserelatedtotheenvironment.At17,Jaggiwentbeyondhisschoolprojectsand.cofoundedEcoviate,apanythatusestechnologytosolveeverydayenergyandenvironmentalproblems.Heplannedtotransformpeople’sideathatgoinggreenisexpensive,bymakingavailableaseriesofaffordableproductsthatareeasytouse.ThroughEcoviate,hedesignedproductsthatcouldcontributetoagreenerfuture.Oneofhisnotableinventionswasthe“CO2ube”,adevicethatcouldbeattachedtovehicletailpipestoreducecarbonemissions,andit’savailabletomanypeopleatlowprices.Healsocreatedasmartwatchthatchangedbodyheatintoenergy,whichcanbeusedtopowerupthewatchaswellasmobilephones.YoungJaggi,nowathirdgradecollegestudentstudyingengineeringandeconomics,hasbeeafamousecoinnovatorandhispanyisdevelopingpromisingly.However,Jaggi’svisiontosavetheenvironmentgoesbeyondcreatingproducts.HeplanstolaunchanonlineplatformthroughEcoviate,whichwillencourageyoungstudentsinterestedinscienceandtechnologytogetactivelyinvolvedininnovationandinvention.Studentscansubmitascienceprojectonline,andtalkaboutthehelpthattheyneedtomaketheprojectareality.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJaggi?A.Hewascuriousbynature. B.Hedreamedtobeanengineer.C.Healwaysannoyedhisparents. D.Hewasaddictedtoplayingtoys.25.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedpart“camearound”inParagraph2?A.Wonout. B.Changedtheirminds.C.Walkedaround. D.Paidavisit.26.WhatdroveJaggitodevelopaffordableanduserfriendlyproducts?A.Hisloveforgreenerdevices. B.Hispursuitofacademiccareer.C.Hisdesiretomakeadifference. D.Hishopetoboostgreenindustry.27.WhydoesJaggieplantolaunchanonlineplatform?A.Topromotesmartproducts. B.Toempoweryounginventors.C.Toprovideecothemedcourses. D.Toofferenvironmentalistsfunds.【答案】24.A25.B26.C27.B【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。它讲述了ParamJaggi从小对拆解事物的热爱，到后来转变为创造事物，特别是关注环境问题的解决。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“WhenParamJaggiwasfiveyearsold,hehadapassiontotakethingsaparttoseewhatwasinside.Hestartedwithtoysandevenbrokeaputer,whichmadehisparentsnottoopleased.(当帕拉姆·贾吉五岁的时候，他就热衷于拆卸东西看看里面是什么。他从玩具开始，甚至弄坏了一台电脑，这让他的父母很不高兴)”可知，帕拉姆·贾吉从小热衷于拆卸东西看看里面是什么，所以推知他生性好奇。故选A项。【25题详解】词句猜测题。根据前文“AlthoughJaggi’sparentsinitiallythoughthisexperimentswerejust.aboyhoodfancy,heremaineddeterminedtomakeadifferencetotheenvironment.(尽管贾吉的父母最初认为他的实验只是男孩子的一时兴起，但他仍然坚定地想要为环境做出改变)”以及后文“startedsupportinghisdreams(开始支持他的梦想)”可知，起初，贾吉的父母认为他的实验只是男孩子的一时兴起，后面开始支持他，所以是父母的改变了主意，推知camearound意为“改变主意”，和B项意思相近。故选B项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Jaggi’sinterestcontinuedashegrewup,buthefocusedmoreonsolvingrealproblems,especiallythoserelatedtotheenvironment.(贾吉的兴趣随着年龄的增长而持续，但他更加专注于解决现实问题，尤其是与环境相关的问题)”以及第三段“At17,Jaggiwentbeyondhisschoolprojectsand.cofoundedEcoviate,apanythatusestechnologytosolveeverydayenergyandenvironmentalproblems.Heplannedtotransformpeople’sideathatgoinggreenisexpensive,bymakingavailableaseriesofaffordableproductsthatareeasytouse.ThroughEcoviate,hedesignedproductsthatcouldcontributetoagreenerfuture.(17岁时，贾吉超越了学校项目的范畴，与他人共同创立了Ecoviate公司，该公司利用技术解决日常的能源和环境问题。他计划通过提供一系列易用且价格实惠的产品来改变人们认为环保成本高昂的观念。通过Ecoviate，他设计了一些有助于创造更绿色未来的产品)”可知，贾吉决心为环境做出改变，他认为绿色是昂贵的观念需要改变，因此他计划推出一系列价格实惠、易于使用的产品。这表明他开发这些产品的驱动力是他想要为环境和社会做出改变，即他的渴望有所不同。故选C项。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“YoungJaggi,nowathirdgradecollegestudentstudyingengineeringandeconomics,hasbeeafamousecoinnovatorandhispanyisdevelopingpromisingly.However,Jaggi’svisiontosavetheenvironmentgoesbeyondcreatingproducts.HeplanstolaunchanonlineplatformthroughEcoviate,whichwillencourageyoungstudentsinterestedinscienceandtechnologytogetactivelyinvolvedininnovationandinvention.Studentscansubmitascienceprojectonline,andtalkaboutthehelpthattheyneedtomaketheprojectareality.(年轻的贾吉现在是一名学习工程和经济学的三年级大学生，他已经成为了一位著名的生态创新者，他的公司发展前景看好。然而，贾吉拯救环境的愿景不仅仅局限于创造产品。他计划通过Ecoviate推出一个在线平台，鼓励对科学和技术感兴趣的年轻学生积极参与创新和发明。学生可以在线提交科学项目，并谈论他们需要帮助才能使项目成为现实的相关事宜)”可知，贾吉计划通过Ecoviate推出一个在线平台，鼓励对科学和技术感兴趣的年轻学生积极参与创新和发明。因此，贾吉计划推出在线平台的目的是为了赋能年轻的发明家，让他们有更多的机会去创新和发明。故选B项。CPeoplehaveetounderstandtheenormousimpactsbeneficialaswellasharmfulplasticshaveonhumanlivesandtheenvironment.Aspolymer(聚合物)scientistsmittedtoinventingsustainablesolutionsforrealworldproblems,wesetouttotackletheissueofplasticwastebyrethinkingthewaypolymersaredesignedsowecouldmakeplasticswithrecyclabilitybuiltrightin.Everydayitemsincludingmilkjug,grocerybags,andtakeoutcontainersaremadefromaclassofpolymerscalledpolyolefins.Theseplasticsarereallydurable(耐用的)becausethechemicalbondsinthosepolymersareextremelystable.Inaworldsetupfordisposable(一次性的)items,durabilityisnolongeradesignfeaturebutratheradesigndrawback.Imagineifhalftheplasticsusedtodaywererecyclablethroughtwiceasmanyprocessesastheyarenow.Alsoconventionalrecyclingrequirescarefulsortingofallthecollectedmaterials,whichcanbechallengingwithsomanydifferentplastics.Forexample,separatingpaperfrommetaldoesn’trequireplextechnology,butsortingacontainerfromamilkjugofadifferentpolyolefinisdifficulttodowithouttheoccasionalmistake.InastudypublishedinScienceinOctober2023,wedescribedaseriesofpolymerswithonlytwobuildingblocksonesoftpolymerandonehardpolymerthatbehavelikepolyolefinsbutcouldbechemicallyrecycled.Connectingtwodifferentpolymersmultipletimesuntiltheyformasingle,longmolecule(分子)createswhat’scalledamultiblockpolymer.Bychanginghowmuchofeachpolymertypegoesintothemultiblockpolymer,ourteamproducedawiderangeofmaterialswithpropertiesthatcoveredallpolyolefintypes.Usingthesamestrategybutbyaddinghydrogen,wecoulddisconnectthepolymersbackintotheirbuildingblocksandeasilyseparatethemtouseagain.Whenwemadenewpolymersoutoftheserecycledplastics,theyperformedjustaswellastheoriginalmaterialsevenafterseveralroundsofchemicalrecycling.Sowewereabletocreatematerialswithsimilarpropertiesoftheplasticstheworldrelieson.Webelievethisworkisasteptowardmoresustainableplastics.28.Whatisparagraph2mainlyaboutconcerningplastics?A.Theirmultipleuses. B.Theirchemicalproperties.C.Theirrecyclingchallenges. D.Theirclassificationcriteria.29.Akeyfactorofproducingdiversemultiblockpolymersis______.A.mixingbuildingblockswithlongmoleculesB.integratingchemicalsintothetwopolymersC.biningtwodifferentmultiblockpolymersD.adjustingthepercentageofthetwopolymers30.Whichisafeatureofmultiblockpolymers?A.Theyaremadefromsustainablematerials.B.Theycanberecycledbyaddinghydrogen.C.Theirreliabilityoutperformstraditionalplastics.D.Theirpropertieschangewithroundsofrecycling.31.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitle?A.DesigningforRecycling B.ClassifyingPlasticWasteC.ReplacePlasticswithPolymers D.TechnologyCreatestheFuture【答案】28.C29.D30.B31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了聚合物科学家如何致力于解决塑料废物问题，通过重新设计聚合物的结构以实现其可回收性。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“ Inaworldsetupfordisposable(一次性的)items,durabilityisnolongeradesignfeaturebutratheradesigndrawback.Imagineifhalftheplasticsusedtodaywererecyclablethroughtwiceasmanyprocessesastheyarenow.Alsoconventionalrecyclingrequirescarefulsortingofallthecollectedmaterials,whichcanbechallengingwithsomanydifferentplastics.Forexample,separatingpaperfrommetaldoesn’trequireplextechnology,butsortingacontainerfromamilkjugofadifferentpolyolefinisdifficulttodowithouttheoccasionalmistake.(在一次性物品的世界中，耐用性不再是一个设计特征，而是一个设计缺陷。想象一下，如果今天使用的一半塑料可以通过两倍于现在的过程进行回收。此外，传统的回收需要对所有收集到的材料进行仔细的分类，这对于这么多不同的塑料来说是具有挑战性的。例如，将纸和金属分开并不需要复杂的技术，但将一个容器和一个牛奶罐中不同的聚烯烃进行分类却很难做到没有偶尔的错误。)”可知，文章第二段主要讲述的是关于塑料回收的挑战。故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“InastudypublishedinScienceinOctober2023,wedescribedaseriesofpolymerswithonlytwobuildingblocksonesoftpolymerandonehardpolymerthatbehavelikepolyolefinsbutcouldbechemicallyrecycled.Connectingtwodifferentpolymersmultipletimesuntiltheyformasingle,longmolecule(分子)createswhat’scalledamultiblockpolymer.Bychanginghowmuchofeachpolymertypegoesintothemultiblockpolymer,ourteamproducedawiderangeofmaterialswithpropertiesthatcoveredallpolyolefintypes.(在2023年10月发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究中，我们描述了一系列聚合物，它们只有两种基本成分——一种软聚合物和一种硬聚合物——它们的行为像聚烯烃，但可以化学回收。将两种不同的聚合物多次连接，直到它们形成一个单一的长分子，就形成了所谓的多嵌段聚合物。通过改变多嵌段聚合物中每种聚合物的含量，我们的团队生产出了各种各样的材料，其性能涵盖了所有类型的聚烯烃。)”可知，生产多种多嵌段聚合物的关键因素是调整两种聚合物的含量。故选D。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Usingthesamestrategybutbyaddinghydrogen,wecoulddisconnectthepolymersbackintotheirbuildingblocksandeasilyseparatethemtouseagain.Whenwemadenewpolymersoutoftheserecycledplastics,theyperformedjustaswellastheoriginalmaterialsevenafterseveralroundsofchemicalrecycling.(使用相同的策略，但通过添加氢，我们可以将聚合物分离回它们的组成部分，并轻松地将它们分离出来再次使用。当我们用这些回收塑料制成新的聚合物时，即使经过几轮化学回收，它们的性能也和原始材料一样好。)”可知，多嵌段聚合物可以通过添加氢的方式被分离出来再次使用。故选B。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Peoplehaveetounderstandtheenormousimpactsbeneficialaswellasharmfulplasticshaveonhumanlivesandtheenvironment.Aspolymer(聚台物)scientistsmittedtoinventingsustainablesolutionsforrealworldproblems,wesetouttotackletheissueofplasticwastebyrethinkingthewaypolymersaredesignedsowecouldmakeplasticswithrecyclabilitybuiltrightin.(人们已经开始了解塑料对人类生活和环境的巨大影响，既有有益的，也有有害的。聚合物科学家致力于为现实世界的问题发明可持续的解决方案，我们开始通过重新思考聚合物的设计方式来解决塑料垃圾问题，这样我们就可以制造出具有可回收性的塑料。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了聚合物科学家如何通过重新设计聚合物的结构来解决塑料废物问题，以实现其可回收性。文章强调了设计的重要性，并介绍了如何通过特殊的化学方法制造和回收一种新型的多嵌段聚合物。因此，最能概括文章主题的标题应该是强调“设计”和“回收”这两个关键词的。故选A。DAlotofmanufacturedglasstodaymadefromsandandsodiumcarbonate(碳酸钠)canbereusedormelteddownandrecycledintonewitems,butitdoesn’tbreakdownintheenvironmentandwillsitinlandfillsforthousandsofyears.AteamofChinesescientistsaimedtodealwiththisenvironmentalconcernbydevelopinganecoconsciousalternative.InastudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalScienceAdvances,ateamattheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofProcessEngineeringdescribehowtheyengineeredbiodegradableglassmadefromaminoacids(氨基酸).Thatglasswouldhaveasmallerimpactontheenvironmentandcanbreakdowninafewweeksorinseveralmonths.Inatest,glassbeads(珠)madeoutofaminoacidswereplacedundertheskinofmice,andthebreakdownofthebeadsandtheskinhealingprocesswereobservedfor30days.Adiagramfromthestudyshowshowthemice’sbodiesbrokedownthebeads.Inthatmonth,theglassimplantdegradedbeneaththeskin,thewoundsitehealed,andfurgrewback.“Throughouttheexperimentalperiod,nomiceexhibitedanypainrelatedbehaviorthatmayhavebeencausedbytheglassimplantation,andnoneofthemexperiencedobviousweightloss,”theresearcherswroteintheirpaper.Althoughaminoacidsdodegradeovertimeintheenvironment,thisbiodegradableglassisnotasdurableastraditionalglass,becauseaminoacidscanbreakdownquicklyinheat.Inordertooverethishurdle,theresearcherschemicallymodifiedtheaminoacidsusingtheheatingcoolingprocedureappliedinglassmanufacturing.Thisiswhenmaterialsfortheglassareheatedtobeesoftandthenrapidlycooledsoastomaketheglasstougher.“It’simportanttopointoutthatthisbiodegradableglassiscurrentlyinthelabstage,andfarfromlargescalemercialization,”emphasizedYanXuehai,aprofessorinvolvedinthestudy,inapressrelease.32.Whatisanadvantageofthenewglass?A.Itcanberecycledatalowcost. B.Itisproducedwithoutpollution.C.Ittakeslesstimeto.breakdown. D.Ithasawiderangeofapplications.33.Whydidresearchersimplantglassbeadsinsidemice?A.Toassesswhethertheglassisbiologicallyharmless.B.Toinvestigatewhyaminoacidsaremedicallyuseful.C.Toexplorehowlongittakesfortheglasstodegrade.D.Toobserveiftheglasscanbemeltdowninmice’sstomach.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hurdle”inparagraph4referto?A.Theinstabilityofaminoacids.B.Thedifficultyofselectingmaterialsfortheglass.C.Environmentalproblemscausedbytraditionalglass.D.Thechallengeofimprovingtheheatingcoolingprocedure.35.WhatistheattitudeofYanXuehaitowardsthenewglass’slaunchonthemarket?A.Optimistic. B.Critical. C.Indifferent. D.Uncertain.【答案】32.C33.A34.A35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学院的专家团队利用氨基酸研制出一种可降解的环保玻璃。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Alotofmanufacturedglasstodaymadefromsandandsodiumcarbonate(碳酸钠)canbereusedormelteddownandrecycledintonewitems,butitdoesn’tbreakdownintheenvironmentandwillsitinlandfillsforthousandsofyears.(今天，许多由沙子和碳酸钠制成的人造玻璃可以重复使用或熔化并回收成新的物品，但它不会在环境中分解，并将在垃圾填埋场中存放数千年)”和第二段中“Thatglasswouldhaveasmallerimpactontheenvironmentandcanbreakdowninafewweeksorinseveralmonths.(这种（新）玻璃对环境的影响较小，可以在几周或几个月内分解)”可知，新型玻璃的优点是它需要更少的时间来分解。故选C项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Throughouttheexperimentalperiod,nomiceexhibitedanypainrelatedbehaviorthatmayhavebeencausedbytheglassimplantation,andnoneofthemexperiencedobviousweightloss(在整个实验期间，没有小鼠表现出任何可能由玻璃植入引起的疼痛相关行为，也没有小鼠出现明显的体重减轻)”可知，研究人员要在老鼠体内植入玻璃珠是为了评估玻璃在生物学上是否无害。故选A项。【34题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Althoughaminoacidsdodegradeovertimeintheenvironment,thisbiodegradableglassisnotasdurableastraditionalglass,becauseaminoacidscanbreakdownquicklyinheat.Inordertooverethishurdle,theresearcherschemicallymodifiedtheaminoacidsusingtheheatingcoolingprocedureappliedinglassmanufacturing.(尽管氨基酸在环境中会随着时间的推移而降解，但这种可生物降解的玻璃不如传统玻璃耐用，因为氨基酸在高温下会迅速分解。为了克服这一hurdle，研究人员使用玻璃制造中应用的加热冷却程序对氨基酸进行了化学改性)”可知，这种氨基酸玻璃确实可以随着时间的推移而降解，但是它却不如传统的玻璃那样经久耐用，因为氨基酸在加热下会迅速分解。由此可推知，下文中的“hurdle”指的是氨基酸的不稳定性，是研究者要克服的障碍。故选A项。【35题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中YanXuehai说的话“It’simportanttopointoutthatthisbiodegradableglassiscurrentlyinthelabstage,andfarfromlargescalemercialization(需要指出的是，这种可生物降解的玻璃目前正处于实验室阶段，远未大规模商业化)”可知，这种可降解玻璃目前仍在实验室阶段，还远远不能大规模商业化生产，所以YanXuehai态度是不确定的。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。DiscoveringYourTrueSelfIsVitaltoHappiness!Haveyoufoundfocusingonyourselfisatthebottomofthetodolist,becauseyoufeeleveryoneelseinyourlifeesfirst?___