2024-2025学年新教材高中英语课时作业15Unit3DiverseCulturesReadingforWriting习题含解析新人教版必修第三册

PAGEUnit3DiverseCulturesⅠ.阅读理解Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow­coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.Tourismisnowthechiefindustryof这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展缘由、过程与现状。1．WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?A.Itsbusinessculture. B.Itssmallpopulation.C.Itsgeographicalposition. D.Itsfavourableclimate.答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段中Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通便利，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口旁边的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的缘由是它的地理位置，故C正确。2．WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?A．Two­thirdsofthemstayedthere.B．Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C．Almosteveryonegaveup.D．Halfofthemdied.答案：B解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段倒数其次句Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4000人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了，故B正确。3．WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?A．Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.B．Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C．Theywereunabletostandthewinter.D．Theywereshortoffood.答案：B解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章最终一段中andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.可知，人们离开Dawson的主要缘由是听说在Alaska发觉了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方找寻发财的机会。故B正确。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Theriseandfallofacity. B．ThegoldrushinCanada.C．Journeysintothewilderness. D．TourisminDawson.答案：A解析：主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的缘由，引出Dawson这一城市的兴起，其次段介绍了该城市兴起的缘由，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的缘由及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市的发展与起伏。故A正确。Ⅱ.七选五Pleasewearlooseclothing,mostlycotton.Itisobviousthatwearingclothingthatislooseratherthantightiswelcomedinsummer.1.Thiscarriesawaythewarmththatyourbodyproducesandallowscoolerairtoflowbackin.2.Whenit'sreallyhotout,materialsthat“breathe”—allowingtheflowofairthroughthefabric(衣料)itself—alsoworktokeepyoucool.Cottonandlinenareamongthemostbreathablefabrics，solookforclothesmadeofthosesubstances.Yourbodycontrolsitstemperatureviaasmallpeanut­shapedsectionofthebrainknownasthehypothalamus(下丘脑).3.Itturnsthetemperatureupordownbasedonvariousfactors—suchashowcoldorhottheskinis.Certainpartsoftheskinhavealargerinfluencethanothers.4.Theygettheirnamebecauseyoucanfeelyourpulsethere,andthereasonyoucandothatisbecausevesselsaresoclosetotheedgeofyourskinthatonecaneasilyhearorfeeltheflowofblood.Whenyouwanttoloweryourbodytemperature,coolingthosepulsepointswithcoldwateroricesendsasignaltothebrainthatsays,“Turncold.”5.Focusonpulsepointsthatareeasytoreach:theinsidesofyourwrists,theareaaroundyourtemple,andyourneck.Holdinganicepackorevenacoldwashclothagainsttheskinontheseregionswillmakeyourentirebodyfeelcooler.A．ItallowsairtoflowpasttheskinB．SweatinghelpstocoolofftheskinC．Theseareasarecalledpulsepoints(脉冲点)D．Thetypeoffabricyouwearhasaninfluence,tooE．Thisfoolsyourbrainintoturningdownitsthermostat(恒温器)F．ThisregionworksalmostlikeathermostatinahomeG．Exercisinginextremeheatisusuallynotrecommended本文是一篇说明文。在夏天穿宽松而不是紧身的衣服是受欢迎的。文章讲解并描述这样的衣服在夏天是如何让你凉快的。1．A解析：上文提示“很明显，在夏天穿宽松而不是紧身的衣服是受欢迎的。”承接上文，A项Itallowsairtoflowpasttheskin.(它允许空气流过皮肤)切题。该项中的it指代上文中的clothingthatislooseratherthantight。故选A。2．D解析：下文提示“当天气真的很热的时候，可以‘呼吸’的材料——允许空气通过织物本身——也能让你保持凉快。”承接下文，D项Thetypeoffabricyouwearhasaninfluence,too(你穿什么面料也有影响)切题。该项中的fabric和下文中的materials相吻合。故选D。3．F解析：上文提示“你的身体通过大脑中一个叫作下丘脑的花生形态的小区域来限制温度。”承接上文，F项Thisregionworksalmostlikeathermostatinahome(这个区域的工作原理就像家里的恒温器)切题。该项中的Thisregion指上文中的hypothalamus。故选F。4．C解析：下文提示“它们得名是因为你能感觉到脉搏，而你能感觉到脉搏的缘由是因为血管离你的皮肤边缘很近，你很简单听到或感觉到血流。”承接下文，C项Theseareasarecalledpulsepoints(脉冲点)(这些区域被称为脉冲点)切题。下文说明怎样得名，所以该项符合句意。故选C。5．E解析：上文提示“当你想要降低体温时，用冷水或冰冷却这些脉搏点会向大脑发出一个信号，说‘变冷’。”承接上文，E项Thisfoolsyourbrainintoturningdownitsthermostat(恒温器)(这会让你的大脑降低温度)切题。故选E。Ⅲ.读后续写阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Ifetchedmymailasusual.Suddenlyacolorfulflyer(传单)jumpedintomysight.Inthemiddlewasadrawingofanold­fashionedphone,liketheonemygreat­auntSarahadowned40yearsagoandatthebottomwasaphonenumber.Runningmyeyesoverit,Icouldn'thelplaughing.“Isthatmailfunny？”myten­year­olddaughter,Jenny,asked.“Notreally，”Iadmitted.“It'saboutWake­upService.Outdatedalready.”“What'sthat？”shefrowned(皱眉).Iexplainedhow,beforesmart­phones,peoplesometimespaidsomeonetowakethemwithacall.“Whosentthisflyer？”shepressed.Ishookmyhead.“Probablysomeoneolderandhecouldusesomemoney.”Isaid.Hereyeslitup.“Canweorderawake­up？”sheasked.“Nokidding.Withsmartphonesathand,whowillneedit?Andit'snocheapatall.$2.5perday.”Ipickeduptheflyerandheadedfortherecyclingbin.“Wait！”sheshouted.“Ifeelsorryforthewake­upman,ifheneedssomemoney，”shesaid,tearingup.“Can'tweorder？”Ilookedattheflyerwithitsdrawingofanold­fashionedphone.Iremembered,again,mygreat­auntSaraandheroldphone.Asakid,I'dvisitedheroverLaborDaywhenJerryLewiswouldhosthischarity(慈善)eventforthedisabledkids.AuntSarawouldgraspmyhandtightly,andthenreachforthetelephone,dialingthenumberonthescreen.Holdingthereceiverbetweenus,we'dannouncetotheoperator,“We'dliketohelpthosekids.”Butnowherewasmyownchild,showingthesamebigheartI'doncebeenencouragedtohave,andhowcouldIignore(忽视)her?IGoogledflyer'stelephonenumber.ThenumberbelongedtoamancalledRaymond.答案Paragraph1：Jennydialedthenumber.Tohersurprise,thevoicewasquiteyoung,softandfriendly.“CanIordertheWake­upService？”Jennyasked.“Sure