Pathophysiology学习通超星期末考试答案章节答案2024年

Pathophysiology学习通超星期末考试章节答案2024年MissLi,25yearsold.Shiver,fever(40℃),

hypogastralgiaandgeneraldebilityappearedin24hafterdelivery.Shewasadmittedtotheemergencydepartmentanddischargedafterrescueandantibiotictreatment.Pleaseanalyzethiscasefromtheetiologyandpathogenesisofthedisease.

答案:etiology:cause:bacteria,condition:Incompletesterilizationorcontaminatedsurgicalinstruments,clothing；sexuallifenearbirth；lowbodyimmunefunction(6points)pathogenesis:disruptionofhomeostasis,processofdamageandanti-damage,alternationofcauseandeffect,correlationbetweensystemicandlocalregulations.(4points)(

)candistinguishbetweenbraindeathandvegetativestate.

答案:maintainautonomousrespirationFundamentalmechanismsofdiseasesare(

)

答案:neuralmechanism,humoralmechanism,cellularmechanism,molecularmechanismGeneralrulesofpathogenisisofdiseasesare(

)

答案:disruptionofhomeostasis,processofdamageandanti-damage,alternationofcauseandeffect,correlationbetweensystemicandlocalregulationsThecontentofetiologyandpathogenesisofDiseaseis（

）and（

）

答案:causesandconditionofthedisease;rulesandmechanismsofthediseaseHealthis

答案:thecompletestateofphysical,mentalandsocialwell-beingortheabsenceofdiseaseFactorsthatcanaffecttheoccurrenceofdiseasesarecalled

答案:conditionsofdiseaseoccurrenceTheessentialfactorsforthedevelopmentofdiseaseare

答案:causesofdiseaseThemostreliablewaytodiagnosebraindeathis

答案:angiographicevidenceofcerebralbloodcirculationarrestBraindeathmeans

答案:astateofprolongedirreversiblecessationofallbrainactivitywiththecompleteabsenceof

bodymovementsDeathis

答案:thepermanentcessationofthefunctioningofthewholebodyDiseaseis

答案:theabnormallifeactivityofthebodyduetothedisorderofself-stableregulationunderthedamageofcertaincausesPathophysiologyis

答案:asubjectofthemechanismandoutcomeofdiseaseoccurrenceanddevelopmentA21-year-oldmalepatientwasadmittedtohospitalduetofrequentvomiting,diarrheaandfeveraftereatinguncleanfoodfor3days,obviousthirst,irritabilityandoliguriafor1day.Physicalexamination:T38.8℃,BP110/80mmHg,P112times/min,R30times/min,listlessness,dryskinmucosa.Laboratorytest:Urinevolume300ml/d.Plasmaosmoticpressurewas324mM,serum[Na+]156mM,serum[K+]4.1mM.What’swrongwiththepatient?(diagnosis)Pleaselistthediagnosticbasis.Whythepatienthadthirstandoliguria?

答案:1.What’swrongwiththepatient?(diagnosis)

hypertonicdehydration（1point）2.Pleaselistthediagnosticbasis.1)

frequentvomiting,diarrheaandfeverfor3days（3points）2)

obviousthirst,irritabilityandoliguriafor1day.Physicalexamination:T38.8℃,listlessness,dryskinmucosa.（6points）3)

Laboratorytest:Plasmaosmoticpressurewas324mM,serum[Na+]156mM.（2points）3.Whythepatienthadthirstandoliguria?

1）Highplasmaosmoticpressurestimulatesthirstcenterofhypothalamus;（2points）

2）HighplasmaosmoticpressureresultedtotheincreaseofADH（2points）,whichpromotedwaterreabsorptionbydistalconvolutedtubulesandcollectingtubules.（4points）Asfarasdisorderofwaterandelectrolytewasconcerned,thismightbe

答案:hypotonicdehydration(4~5commonquestions)A39-year-oldmalepatientvomitedrepeatlyduetoexcessivedrinkinganddrankalotofteainordertoalleviatethesymptomsofdrunkness.Thenhedevelopedunconsciousnessat2o'clockintheevening.Examinationshowed:bloodpressure80/50mmHg,heartrate112times/min,confusionofconsciousnessandpoorskinelasticity.4.Thepatientmightbediagnosed

答案:hypovolemicshockAfemalepatientwas32yearsold.Shehadsevereburnsandmassiveseepage.Beingadmittedtothehospital,thirstyandoliguriaappearedandbloodpressurewas70/45mmHg,serum[Na+]135mmo/L,blood[K+]5.0mmol/L,andplasmaosmoticpressurewas300mmol/L.Sheshouldbediagnosed

答案:

isotonicdehydrationAmalepatient,8yearsold,hadseverediarrheafor2daysandwasgiven5%glucosesolutionsupplement1daybyaprimaryhospital.HedevelopeddispiritedandsunkeneyegraduallyandBPwas90/56mmHg.Thepatientshouldbediagnosed

答案:hypotonicdehydrationAmalepatientworkedinthefieldinsummer.Excessivesweating,significantthirstandoliguriawereappeared.LaboratoryexaminationshowedthattheserumNa+165mmol/Landplasmaosmoticpressure325mmol/L.Thepatientwasdiagnosed

答案:hypertonicdehydrationA46-year-oldfemalepatientwasadmittedtothehospitalduetopolydipsia,overeating,polyuria,slimdownmorethan10yearsandcoma1hour.Physicalexamination:bloodpressure90/40mmHg,pulse101bpm,breathrate28bpm.Laboratorytests:bloodglucose10.1mmol/L,theconcentrationofK+5.6mmol/L,Na+160mmol/L,Cl-104mmol/L;PH7.13,PaCO₂30mmHg,AB9.9mmol/L,SB10.9mmol/L,BE-18.0mmol/L,urineketonebody(3+),urinesugar(3+).Auxiliaryexamination:ECGshowedatrioventricularblock.Questions:

1.ClarifythecauseofR28bpm.

2.

Whatacid-baseimbalanceisthedisease?why?

答案:TheincreasesofH+concentrationstimulatethecentralandperipheralchemoreceptors（10points）,thenstimulatetherespiratorycenter（5points）andincreasetherespiratoryrateandamplitude（10points）,soRis28bpm.HighAGmetabolicacidosis（5points）.写明分析步骤。（20points）Thedrugforcorrectingacid-baseimbalanceinthischildis

答案:sodiumbicarbonateThecausesofacid-baseimbalanceare

答案:diarrheacanleadtolargelossofHCO3-（8-10questions）

Thechildwas1yearold,weighed10.5kgandhadunexplaineddiarrhea7to8timesperdayfor3daysinautumn.BloodgasanalysisshowedpH7.25,BE-15mmol/L

Theacid-baseimbalanceofthischildwas

答案:metabolicacidosisThebloodgasanalysisresultsofa70-year-oldfemalepatientwerepH7.32,PaCO271mmHg,HCO3-37mmol/L.Thepatient'scauseofdiseaselikelywas

答案:chronicobstructivepulmonarydiseaseA53-year-oldmalepatientwasadmittedtohospitalduetovomitedrepeatlyfor3monthsandaggravatedinthepastweek.TheresultsofbloodgasanalysiswerepH7.52,PaCO246mmHg,HCO3-38mM.Themostlikelytypeofacid-basebalancedisturbancewas

答案:MetabolicalkalosisA31-year-oldmalepatientwasadmittedtohospitalduetomultipletraumaandshock.Thebloodgasanalysiswereasfollows:pH7.31,PaCO235mmHg,HCO3-17mM,Na+140mM,Cl-104mM,K+4.5mM.Themostlikelytypeofacid-baseimbalancewas

答案:AGincreasedmetabolicacidosisA75-year-oldmalepatienthadrepeatedepisodesofchronicbronchitisandwasadmittedtohospitalduetoaggravatedcoldforaweek.BloodgasanalysisshowedpH7.35,PaCO252mmHgHCO3-30.5mmol/L.Accordingtothesechanges,themaincompensatorymechanismofthepatientwasasfollows

答案:renalcompensationThecausesofrespiratoryacidosisdonotinclude

答案:alveolardiffusiondisorderThepartialpressureofCO2dissolvedinarterialplasmais

答案:PaCO2ThepHoftheblooddependsmainlyontheplasma

答案:[HCO3-]/[H2CO3]A17yearsoldmalestudentcametothehospitalduetofever,headache,muscleachesandappetiteloss.Hewasadmittedtothehospitalas"fevertobeinvestigated".Physicalexamination:T38.4℃,P100bpm,R20bpm,BP100/70mmHg,pharyngealcongestionandslightroughbreathingsoundinbothlungs.Laboratorytest:WBC19.3x109/L,Nc83%.Therestwasnormal.Pleaseansweredthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothecase.1.Whatwasthecommonlinkinthemechanismoffever?(2points)2.Wherewasthepositiveregulatorycenterlocated?(3points)3.Pleasebrieflydescribethephaseoffeverandthecharacteristicsofheatmetabolism(18points).4.Didthepatientneedmedicationforfever?Whatmeasuresshouldbetakentodealwithit?(3points)

答案:1.Whatwasthecommonlinkinthemechanismoffever?A:Endogenouspyrogen(orEP)production.2.Wherewasthepositiveregulatorycenterlocated?A:Preopticanteriorhypothalamus(POAH)3.Pleasebrieflydescribethephaseoffeverandthecharacteristicsofheatmetabolism.（omit）4.Didthepatientneedmedicationforfever?Whatmeasuresshouldbetakentodealwithit?A:No.Supplementwater,vitamins,nutrients(orsymptomatictreatment),physicalcooling.Anelderlyfemalepatientwascomaduetocloseddoorsandwindowsatnightwithcoalstoveisheating.Thenextmorningshewasadmittedintothehospital.LaboratorytestsshowedPaO296mmHg,CO2max14.6ml/dl,SaO296%,andHbCOwaspositive.Questionforconsideration:1)Whatwasthecauseofthepatient'sdeath?2)Whatcolordidthepatient’slip?Why?3)Whattypeofhypoxiadidthepatienthave?4)Howtotreather?

答案:1)Whatwasthecauseofthepatient'sdeath?A:Carbonmonoxidepoisoning(4points)2)Whatcolordidthepatient’slip?Why?A:Cherry-red(4points).Becausecarboxyhemoglobinwascherry-red(4points).3)Whattypeofhypoxiadidthepatienthave?

A:Hemichypoxia.(4points)4)Howtotreather?A:Etiologytreatmentandoxygentherapy.(8points)Themechanismfortheon