2024-2025学年高二英语寒假提升天天练之阅读理解Day3科普环保含解析

Day3科普环保APeopledonotlikebeingseparatedfromtheirmobilephones,evenwhileenjoyingarestfulholidayatthebeach.However,thephonebattery(电池)maybecomeexhaustedcompletely.Ifthathappens,theyhavenochoicebuttoconnectthephonetothepowersupply.Butit’simpossibletogetthebatterycharged(充电)atthebeach.What’sworse,thehotsunisshiningrightoverhead,andthewaterinthebottleissuretoreachaveryhightemperature.AntoineSayah,auniversitystudentfromLebanon,developedaspecialbeachmatcalledtheBeachill.Itlookssimilartotheordinarybeachmatandwillcausebackpainaswell.However,thedevicecanrechargeanymobilephone.Itisdesignedtobewater-resistant(防水的)andhasa5-wattsolarpanel,whichprovidespowercontinuously.Thematalsohastherefrigerationequipmentthatcanhelpkeepdrinkscool,justliketherefrigerator.AntoineSayahbegansellingtheBeachillontheInternetfor$150.Hesayshehasbeensurprisedatthereactionworldwide.“IhavegotordersforthedevicefromBrazil,Toronto,alloverEurope,especiallyFrance,America,fromallcontinents.”TheBeachillisalsogainingpopularityinotherplaces,likeswimmingpoolsandboats.Somepeoplelikethematbecauseitislightweightandeasy-to-carry.RitaMathieuboughtoneoftheBeachills.“WhenIamonthebeach,Iusedtolookaroundforachargerandnevermanagedtofindanyandthewaterneverstayscool,”shesays.“Sothiskindofbeachmatiswonderfulandhaseverythinginit,evenapocketwhereIcanputabook.Thankstoit,IcansurftheInternetandkeepintouchwithfriendsatanytimeatthebeach.”1.Theopeningparagraphismainlyintendedto______.A.showgreatpityforpeopleatthebeachB.attractthereaders’interestinthesubjectC.providesomekeyfactsaboutmobilephonesD.provetheimportanceofwaterinhotweather2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheBeachill?A.Itisquiteunusualinappearance.B.Itwillstopworkinginthewater.C.Ithassomefunctionoftherefrigerator.D.Itfunctionsmoreeffectivelythanordinaryones.3.RitaMathieuismentionedtoprovetheBeachill’s_______.A.popularity

B.convenienceC.goodquality

D.lowprice4.Thetextiswrittento_______.A.tellpeopleanewwaytogetacolddrinkB.askpeopletostopusingphonesatthebeachC.encouragepeopletotravelaroundtheworldD.introduceabeachmatthatcanchargeaphoneBScientistsblamegreenhousegasesforbeingamajorcauseofclimatechangearoundtheworld.Thisisbecausegreenhousegasestrapheatintheatmosphereandmaketheplanetwarmer.Now,ateamofresearchershasannouncedasuccessfulexperimentthatturnedcarbondioxideintousefulliquidfuel.Theresearcherscreatedadevice,calledareactor,whichchangesbondioxideintoapureformofformicacid(甲酸).Formicacidisasubstance(物质)foundinantsandsomeotherinsects,aswellasinmanyplants.Itisusedasanantibacterialmaterialandintheprocessingofsomekindsofclothing.HaotianWangledtheresearchteam.Hesaidinastatementthattheresultsoftheexperimentwereimportantbecauseformicacidisamajorcarrierofenergy.So,thesubstancecanprovideawaytoreusecarbondioxideandpreventitfrombeingreleasedintotheatmosphere.“It’safuel-cellfuelthatcangenerateelectricityandsendoutcarbondioxidewhichyoucangrabandrecycleagain,”Wangsaid.“Othermethodsforturningcarbondioxideintoformicacidrequireintensepurificationprocesses,”Wangsaid.Suchmethodsareverycostlyandrequirealotofenergy.TheRiceUniversityteamsaiditwasabletoreducethenumberofstepsinthetraditionalprocesstocreatealow-cost,energy-savingmethod.Theresearchersreportedthereactordeviceperformedwithaconversionrate(转化率)of42percent.Thismeansthatnearlyhalfoftheelectricalenergycanbestoredinformicacidasliquidfuel.Theteamsaidthereactorwasabletocreateformicacidcontinuouslyfor100hourswithlittledegradation(退化)ofthedevice’sparts.Wangsaidthereactorcouldeasilybeusedtoproduceotherhigh-valueproducts,includingalcohol-basedfuels.Theresearchersnotedthatthetechnologycouldalsobeabighelpinsolvinganothermajorenergyproblem—howtostorelargeamountsofpowerinsmallplaces.1.Whatfactoristhemaincauseofclimatechange?A.Greenhousegases.

B.Chemistrywaste.C.Formicacid.

D.Liquidfuel.2.Whatdoweknowaboutformicacid?A.Itisalargeamountofpower.

B.Itcanbefoundinants.C.Itishigh-valueequipment.

D.Itisasubstanceinclothing.3WhatisWang’sattitudetowardshisownresearch?A.Doubtful.

B.Aggressive.C.Optimistic.

D.Uncaring.4.Inwhatmagazinecanyoureadthistext?A.Atravelmagazine.

B.Asportsmagazine.C.Amusicmagazine.

D.Asciencemagazine.CSometimeswemayfindthateveryweektherearealotofnewstoriesabouthowclimatechangeisaffectingtheplanet,ornewplanstobattleitseffects.Buttheconceptitselfisn’tnewatall—infact,scientistshavebeenexploringquestionsaboutclimatechangeforalmost200years.Theideaof“greenhousegases”goesbackto1824,whenJosephFourierwonderedwhatwasregulatingtheearth’stemperature.Fourierconcludedthattheatmospheremustberesponsibleforcontainingtheheatabsorbedfromthesunanddescribeditasaboxwithaglasslid:Aslightshinesthroughtheglass,theinsidegetswarmerasthelidtrapstheheat.AsFourier’sideasspread,itcametobecalled“thegreenhouseeffect”.Scientistscontinuedtostudythegreenhouseeffect.NotuntilaSwedishchemistnamedSvanteArrheniuscamealong,didscientistsunderstandhowglobalwarmingactuallyworks.Afteryearsofwork,Arrheniusdeterminedthatthelevelofcarbondioxideintheatmospheredidinfacthaveadirecteffectonglobaltemperatures.ArrheniusfoundthatCO2,andothergasestrapradiation,whichwarmstheatmosphere.Arrheniuswasthefirsttosuspectthatburningcoalcouldcontributetothegreenhouseeffect.ButArrheniuswelcomedthewarmingeffectontheplanet.Atalecturelaterthatyear,Arrheniusnotedthatcreaturesofawarmerearth“mightliveunderamilderskyandinlessbarrensurroundings”.WhileArrhenius’findingswonhimthe1903NobelPrizeinchemistry,scientistskeptdebatingwhetherthegreenhouseeffectwasincreasinguntil1950,whenresearchersfinallybegantofindstrongdatasupportingit.Bytheendofthe1950s,Americanscientistshadbeensoundingthealarmonthelong-termconsequencesofclimatechange.ClimatechangeresearchhascomealongwaysinceFourierfirstdescribedthegreenhouseeffect-still,maybeArrheniusshouldhavebeenmorecarefulofwhathewishedfor.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A.Theclimatechange.

B.Thegreenhouseeffect.C.Theatmosphere.

D.Theheatfromthesun.2.WhatdidArrheniusthinkofthegreenhouseeffect?A.Itwasbeneficialforcreaturesontheearth.B.Ithadbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.C.Itdidmoreharmthangoodtohumanbeings.D.Itwasapunishmentforhumanharmfulactivities.3.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsArrhenius’wish?A.Optimistic.

B.Negative.C.Neutral.

D.Ambiguous.4.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Causesofclimatechange.

B.Effectsofgreenhousegases.C.Findingsaboutglobalwarming.

D.Explorationsonclimatechange.DWhilestaringoutofthewindowduringaflight,noteveryonewillthinkcarefullyaboutthequestionwhyairplaneshaveroundedwindowsratherthansquareones.Overtheyears,aerospaceengineeringhasmadehugestepsinairplanetechnology,meaningplanescancarrymorepassengersandgofaster.Theplaneshavealsochangedshapetoincreasesafety—includingthewindows.Ascommercialairtraveltookoffinthemid-20thcentury,airlinecompaniesbegantoflyathigheraltitudestolowertheircost—theairdensity(密度)islowerupthere,creatinglessdrag(阻力)forairplanes.However,higheraltitudescamewithproblems,likethefacthumanbeingscan’treallysurviveat30,000feet.Tomakethatpossible,thecabinwaschangedtoacylindrical(圆柱体)shapetosupportthepressureinside.Butatfirst,planebuildersleftinthestandardsquarewindowsandthisexpansionmeantdisaster.ThedeHavillandCometcameintofashioninthe1950s.Withaclosedcabin,itwasabletogohigherandfasterthanotheraircraft.However,wherethere’sacomer,there’saweakspot.Windows,havingfourcomers,havefourpotentialweakspots,makingthemlikelytocrashunderstress—suchasairpressure.Bycurvingthewindow,thestressthatwouldeventuallybreakthewindowcomerisdistributedandthechanceofitbreakingisreduced.Roundedshapesarealsostrongerandresistdeformation

(变形),andcanthussurvivetheextremedifferencesinpressurebetweentheinsideandoutsideoftheaircraft.Fortunately,designersfiguredoutthelackofdesignprettyquick.Nowwehavenice,roundedairplanewindowsthatcanresistthepressureoftravelingaltitude.Itgivesbeingabletogazeoutofyourwindowtotheworldfrom35,000feetawholenewoutlook,doesn’tit?1.Whydidairlinesaimtoflyathigheraltitudes?A.Tosavemoneyforlessdrag.B.Tohelptheplanetotakeoff.C.Toincreasesafetyoftheplane.D.Tocarrymorepassengersandgofaster.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“deHavillandComet”inParagraph2referto?A.Anaircraft.

B.Aband.C.Aplanet

D.Adesign.3.Whichistheadvantageoftheroundedwindow?A.Itincreasestheairpressure.B.Itweakensthestrengthofairpressure.C.Itreducesthepossibilityofbreakingup.D.Ithelpstosurvivetheextremeweather.答案A【答案解析】1.B

2.C

3.B

4.D本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以给手机充电的海滩垫子。【1题详解】推理推断题。开头第一段举在海滩度假无法给手机充电的事例，主要为了吸引读者对该话题的爱好。故选B。【2题详解】细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段Thematalsohastherefrigerationequipmentthatcanhelpkeepdrinkscool,justliketherefrigerator.可知，Beachill还具有冰箱一些功能。故选C。【3题详解】推理推断题。依据文章最终一段内容及第一句Somepeoplelikethematbecauseitislightweightandeasy-to-carry.可以推想，举RitaMathieu的事例是为了证明Beachill的运用便利。故选B。【4题详解】主旨大意题。依据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一种可以给手机充电的海滩垫子。故选D。B【答案解析】1.A

2.B

3.C

4.D【分析】这是一篇说明文。科学家指责温室气体是全球气候改变的主要缘由。文章介绍了一组探讨人员宣布的一项胜利的试验，这个试验将二氧化碳转化为有用的液体燃料。【1题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段第一句Scientistsblamegreenhousegasesforbeingamajorcauseofclimatechangearoundtheworld.“科学家指责温室气体是全球气候改变的主要缘由。”由此可知，“温室气体”是气候改变的主要缘由。故选A。【2题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段中Formicacidisasubstance(物质)foundinantsandsomeotherinsects,aswellasinmanyplants.“蚁酸是一种存在于蚂蚁和其他昆虫以及很多植物中的物质。”由此可知，蚁酸可以在蚂蚁身上找到。故选B。【3题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段第一句Wangsaidthereactorcouldeasilybeusedtoproduceotherhigh-valueproducts,includingalcohol-basedfuels.“王说，该反应堆可以很简单地用于生产其他高价值产品，包括酒精燃料。”由此可知，王对自己的探讨持“乐观的”看法。故选C。【4题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段中Theresearchersnotedthatthetechnologycouldalsobeabighelpinsolvinganothermajorenergyproblem—howtostorelargeamountsofpowerinsmallplaces.“探讨人员指出，这项技术还可以帮助解决另一个主要的能源问题——如何在小地方储存大量电力。”由此可知，这是科学探讨，这样的文章不行能在旅游杂志、体育杂志和音乐杂志上读到，所以最有可能在“科学杂志”上读到。故选D。【点睛】推理推断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出肯定的推理推断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理推断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是依据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理推断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude

indicate等标记性词语。本题第3小题，依据最终一段第一句Wangsaidthereactorcouldeasilybeusedtoproduceotherhigh-valueproducts,includingalcohol-basedfuels.“王说，该反应堆可以很简单地用于生产其他高价值产品，包括酒精燃料。”由此可知，王对自己的探讨持“乐观的”看法。故选C。C【答案解析】1.C

2.A

3.B

4.D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白科学家对气候改变问题的探究已经有近200年的历史了，文章介绍了“温室气体”和“温室效应”的发觉，以及温室效应发觉者SvanteArrhenius对温室效应的看法。到20世纪50年头末，美国科学家始终在为气候改变的长期后果敲响警钟。气候改变探讨已经取得了长足的进步。【1题详解】词义揣测题。依据上文Fourierconcludedthattheatmospheremustberesponsibleforcontainingtheheatabsorbedfromthesunanddescribed可知，Fourier得出结论，大气必需负责汲取太阳汲取的热量，并将它（大气）描述为一个有玻璃盖的盒子：当光线穿过玻璃时，由于盖住了热量，盒子内部变得更热。可知it指的是“大气”，故选C。【2题详解】推理推断题。依据第四段中Atalecturelaterthatyear,Arrheniusnotedthatcreaturesofawarmerearth“mightliveunderamilderskyandinlessbarrensurroundings”.可知，在那年晚些时候的一次演讲中，Arrhenius指出，地球变暖的生物“可能生活在更温柔的天空下，也可能生活在不那么贫瘠的环境中”。由此可推知，Arrhenius认为看待温室效应对地球上的生物是有益的。故选A。【3题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段Fourierfirstdescribedthegreenhouseeffect—still,maybeArrheniusshouldhavebeenmorecarefulofwhathewishedfor.可知，自从Fourier第一次描述了温室效应以来，气候改变探讨已经取得了长足的进步——尽管如此，或许Arrhenius应当更加当心他所希望的。由此可推知，作者对Arrhenius的愿望持反对看法。故选B。【4题详解】主旨大意