2024届高考英语概要写作专项复习学案（含答案）

高考英语概要写作专项复习

一、考点分析：

概要写作，是一道“跨界”题；相信我们对“跨界”一词应该不会陌生了：跨界歌

手，跨界喜剧人等综艺节目收视率颇高。Summary概要写作就是在读的基础上进行写

作，所以是阅读能力和写作能力的综合。简单地表达Summar概要写作=Reading+

Writing。

在日常的英语教学中，教师也经常让学生就所学英语课文逐段概括段落大意或者复

述课文，这在一定程度上都为概要写作打基础。除此之外，作为考生，还要注意以下儿

点：

(1)积累常见的同义短语和句型转换，掌握并运用单词、短语和句型。“巧妇难为无米

之炊”，即使有再好的写作技巧，如果没有相应的基础词汇和句法知识，也很难写出概

要写作的上乘之作。因此，考生要在基础词汇和句法知识上下功夫，以不变应万变。

(2)进行适度地专题练习。有计划地进行适度练习有利于考生快速掌握概要写作的要

点，找到概要写作的感觉，冲破对概要写作的不适感。平时可多关注往年的高考阅读文

章，进行结构分析和主旨概括训练。可按文体和题材，分类训练篇章结构的布局，增强

对文章上下文连贯性的把握。概要写作首先要掌握冬种文体的写作特点和框架。如：

记叙文：what/who/when/where/why/how

议论文：opinion/idea+argument(supportingideas/reasons)

说明文：phenomenon/problem+reason+solution(causeandeffect),introductionofan

object(howitismade,howitisused,howitmaychange,whatmakesitneworsignificant)

新闻：afocusonthefirstparagraphandthefirstandlastsentencesoftheotherparagraphs

就目前出现的考题来看，以记叙，说明，议论为主，新闻几乎没有出现过。新闻

往往只需要通过第一句话就可以得知整个事件的梗概，这样就无法考查学生的分析能力

和概括能力，所以考的可能性较小。综合以上分析可知，新高考更加重视考查考生高中

阶段英语基本技能的掌握情况，也注意考查考生进入高等学校继续学习的潜能，目标是

利用高考命题的导向功能推动新课程的课堂教学改革。

1.选材特点

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（1）所需阅读的短文词数在350以内：

（2）所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。

2.评分参考

阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：

（1）时原文要点的理解和呈现情况；

（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；

（3）上下文的连贯性;

（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。

注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词

汇，得分相应比较高,相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分

档次将会大大降低；所与内容与所提供内容无关不得分。

3、考查能力

概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之

为摘要。写概要时,读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来,

而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、

词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这

一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用

简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作

是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体,是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

二、专题详解

1）知识点1

1.写作步骤

1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。

2）弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些

问题写出要点。

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3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺

序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。

4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点:

（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。

（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较

少的文字'弓次要内容.

（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互

不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。

（4）不排斥用原文的某曲词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语

表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。

（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。

五个基本步骤概括起来就是:

1）、通读全文,理解大意;

2）、研读文本,理清主次;

3）、围绕中心,拟写初稿;

4）、梳理整合,灵活表达;

5）、修改润色,完美呈现。

例题分析：

Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereis

nothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.

Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockout

disease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskin

andletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughtolieinpublicbaths.By1538,(heFrenchking

hadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.Thusbegana

longtimewhentherichand(hepoorinEuropelivedw:thdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,

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KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,the

kingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.

Thoughthebeliefinthemerit（好处）ofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeen

regardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18century.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningaway

dirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventing

disease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorld

WarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtohewhiterthanwhite,cloths

eversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?

Attitudestodirtsti1differhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrylo

warntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.

Onthecontrary.MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist（免疫学家）,encourages

childrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter（后者）position

isgainingsomeground.

Onepossibleversion：

Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.（要点1）Foralongtimeinhistory,

peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefrom

gettingill.（要点2）However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200years

ago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.（要点3）

However,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.

（要点4）

【范文点拨】

（一）要点分析

1.文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句，亮明了总的观点：However,thereisnothing

fixedaboutattitudestodirt.换句话说：Differentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowards

dirt.再结合下文谈到的主题可知Differenlpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsdirton

theskin.范文中的要点「'Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.”概括非常

精炼。

2.第二段主要谈到了在16世纪，人们认为dirtontheskinwasameanstoblockout

disease,尤以英、法两国的贵族为代表。结合第三段第一Thoughthebeliefinthemerit

ofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversince18

century.可知，直到IS世纪之前，人们都认为dirt是很“友好的”，有助于预防疾病。范

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文中的要点2"Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,

believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.”很好地总结了这些要点。

3.第三段用Though引出人们对dirt观点的转变“…sincethe18thcentury.

Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.”再结合本段最后一部分

Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea…可得出要点3^However,peoplebegantocharge

theirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffour

bodycankeepushealthy”

4.文章最后一段第一句指出，现在人们对于dirt的态度还是有所不同，Onthe

contrary引出专家的观点，一位免疫学家认为dirt有助于增强免疫系统。这一观点获得

了一些支持。范文中的要点4ktHowevcr,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirt

mayhelpourimmunesystem.”表达很恰切。

（二）要点连接

文章概要，在写完了要点之后，下一步的工作就是要把这些要点用适当的连接词进

行连接，使上下句之间具有连贯性。本篇文章整篇结构是总分的结构，要点2和要点3

在观点上截然相反，因此，之间需要表示转折的连接词，范文用了However恰到好处。

要点3和要点4在观点上又存在不同，因此，还是用表转折的连接词However。不过小

编认为，此处用Neveriheless可以避免三句话内出现两次However。

（三）关键词汇

第一段：fixed（确定的：不变的）第二段：means（手段，方法）,blockout（挡住）,open

up（打开）,upon（.......之后；立即）第三段：long-lived（长期存在的）,selltheidea（说服

某人接收某个观点）第四段：warnsboff（警告某人不要靠近）,position（观点）,gainsome

ground（取得优势）

以上这些关键词对于整篇文章的理解与转化成自己的语言都很关键，如果不能准确

领会其用意，语篇理解的效果会大打折扣。所以，概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂

语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。在此基础上，综合运用语法与句

法结构，按照行文逻辑组织语言，形成概要。

二）知识点2：

1.Techniquesofasummary-Paraphrasing

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注意：使用Paraphrasing需要换词、简化；使用generalwords而不是detailedwords

Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.fHewasverybrave.

eg-

ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,andsometextbooks.Sheintendedto

readallofthemduringthewintervacation.Shebroughthomealotofbookstoread

duringthevacation.

写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：

1）删除细节。只保留主要观点。

2）选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个

例子。

3）把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，

那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。

4）避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中

是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。

5）压缩长的句子。如下列两例：

“Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.n

可以概括为："Hewasverybraveinbattle.^^

“Hewashardupfbrmoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.”

可以概括为：“Hewasinfinancialdifficulties.”

6）你还可以使用词叁代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子:

“BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,LushanMountain,andMountHuang,werevisitedby

onlyafewpeopleinthepast.Today,betterwages,holidayswithpay,newhotelsonthese

mountains,andbettertrainandbusservices,havebroughtthemwithinreachofmanywho

neverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyearsago.”

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可以概括为：''BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,oncevisitedbyonlyafewpeople,are

todayaccessibletomany,thankstobetterwages,paidholidays,newhotelsandbetter

transportationsendees''(如果需要结合模考题中的例子，则推荐2017年虹口一模“Are

YouReadyforYourExam?”，是典型的将句子转化成名词短语的考例)

7)使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：

“ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweek

andsometextbooks.Sheintended(oreadallofthemduringthewintervocation.^^

可以概括为："Shebroughthomealotofbookstoreadduringthevocation.n

8)使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but,then,thus,yet,(hough,不能使用atthesame

time,inthefirstplace,becauseofthese,ontheotherhand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分

号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。

9)文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成笫三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，

比如：

KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly:Youusemuch(oomuchsaltonyourfood,Paul—it's

notgoodforyou!”Paulputdownhisknifeandfrowned:"Whyonearthnot!Ifyoudidn't

havesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful...likeeatingcardboardorsand...justimagine

breadwithoutsaltinit.orpotatoesorpastacookedwithoutsalt!”Katewaspatient.She

didirlwaulluquaiiclwithPaul.Shewauledlupvisuadchim.Shesaidfiiuily."Builoumuch

saltisbadforyou.Itcausehighbloodpressureandlatteron,heart-attacks.Italsodisguises

thetasteoffood,therealtasteswhicharemuchmoresubtlethansalt,andwhichwehavelost

thesensitivitytoappreciateanymore.”

可以用第三人称概括为：

KatesuggestedtoPaulthatheshouldeatlesssalt.Shethoughtthateatingtoomuchsalt

woulddohardtoPaul'shealthandthatitcouldreduceiherealtastesoffood.ButHaul

disagreed.Hesaidthatfoodwithoutsaltwouldbetasteless.

(Task1:Pleasefollowtheexampletochoosetheproperskillfromtheaboveones.)

1,Then,youcanthinkofawaytomakebothsideshappy.Herearesometips

1)Maketimetotalk.Youcouldtalkaboutyourschoollifeandyourplansforthefuture.

2).Keepadiary.Itcanhelpyouunderstandmoreaboutyourselfandyourfeelings.

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3）.Showyourparentsyouaregrowingup.Washyourownclothesandhelparound（he

house.

Whichskill:_______________________________________________________________

Summary:__________________________________________________________________

2.Sometimes,kidsdon'tthinktheirparentsarefairtothem.Whenyouwanttodressina

modemway,yourmumdoesn'tlikeyoutowearamini-skirt.Whenyouarcmakingphone

callstofriends,theyaskwhetheryou'respeakingtoaboyoragirl.

Whichskill:_______________________________________________________________

Summary:__________________________________________________________________

3.KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly,tkYouusetoomuchsaltonyourfood,Paul,it'snotat

allgoodforyou!”Paulputdownhisknifeand什owned,“Whyonearthnot!Ifyoudidn't

havesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful...likeeatingwoodorsand...justimaginebread

withoutsaltinit!”

Whichskill:_______________________________________________________________

Summary:__________________________________________________________________

4.ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeand

Newsweek,andsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.

Whichskill:______________________________________________________________

Summary:_________________________________________________________________

1.SkillI:Omitthedetails

Therearesometipsforchildrentofollowsothattheycangetonwellwiththeirparents.

2.Skill2:Omittheexamples.

Itisquitenaturalthatwechildrenlookatthesameproblemdifferentlyfromourparents.

3.Skill3:Putthemainpointsofadialogueinindirectspeech.

KatesuggestedthatPaulshouldeallesssalt.ButPauldisagreed.Hesaidthatfoodwithout

saltwouldbetasteless.

4.Skill4:Usegeneral（概括性）wordsinsteadofspecific（具体的）words.

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Shebroughthomealotofbooksandmagazinestoreadduringthevacation.

2.TypesofSummaries

1）记叙文----串联要素（who,when,where,what,how,why）

要求：

a.谁做了什么？

b.结果如何？

2）说明文——根据不同类型

a.描写事物性质功用。“对象+性质功用+利好”

（Inthepassage）thewriterintroduces***（对象）tous,especiallyits…（性

质或功用），fromwhichweknow…（对象带有的利好）.

b.针对某个问题提出的解决方案或措施，“问题+解决方法”

Thepassagetellsus…（问题）,including…（方法1）,…（方法2）...,and…（方法3）.

c.介绍某现象及其原因和结果，“现象+原因+结果二

（Theauthor/writersaid/talksabout）...（现象）of.....because/but...（原因/本质1）,and

（原因/本质

3）议论文一论点、论据和结论；找出主题句，支撑句和结论句。

积累模板SomeSummaryModelsforYou

要注意归纳和积累summary中常用的句式或模板。

A.如议论文的概要通常可以如此开头：

Theessay/passage/autliorhighlightstheimportanceofencouragementforstudents.

Theessay/passage/authorarguesinsupportofstatingthat...

Theessay/passage/authorarguesthatwemustnotonlyvaluethosewhocomefirst

orarethebestinanyfieldbuttheotherswhoseeffortpushthemtosuccess.

Thecssay/passage/autliordiscussestheimpactofemail.

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Theessay/passage/autliorcomparesfriendshipwiththecomfortofhome.

Theessay/passage/authoroutlinestheharmfuleffectsofsmoking.

B.而记叙文的概要则可以从以下模板中选择：

Thepassage/storyisaboutamisunderstandingbetweenastudentandateacher.

Theauthortellsusastoryabouta.

Thepassageisastoryabout.

Accordingtothepassage,theherointhestory.

C.通用型模板：

Accordingtothepassage,weknow...

Thisarticleismainlyabout...

Thewriterstatesthat...

Ascanbelearnthispassage,—

Thepassagesaysthat...

Inthispassage,thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceof

另外，更具体点：

（I）记叙文概要模板

a.点明写作目的类：

Thewritertellsus---:主题）byshowingusanexampleof---,who/which---（故事情节）.

b.作者经历类：

Inthepassage,thewritermainlytellsushis

experienceofdoingsth,which.......

c.他人经历类：

Thispassageismainlyaboutsb'sexperienceofdoingsth.....

(2)议论文概要模板

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Thearticlegivestheviewthat...

should/shouldrTt…（主题）.

…・.（补充论据）.

Thepassagehighlights（强调）theimportanceofslh…

Theauthorarguesthat...

（3）说明文概要模板

a.现象揭示类：

Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon（主题）,which….（补充解释）.

b.利弊对比类：

Thearticlecomparesihedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.A...whileB...

Thepassagediscussestheimpact（影响）ofsth.Onthepositiveside…，butitmay

also….

c.研究显示类：

Thestudyreveals（揭露）ihat…

Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat...

练习：

初级：

找准主题句

Passage1

AterribleearthquakebrokeoutinIstanbul,（hecapitalofTurkey,ontheearlymorning

ofSeptember14,2006,at4o'clock.Asmostpeoplewerestillindeepsleepwhenthe

earthquakewashappening,allthepeoplewereinapanic,whichledtoadisastrousresult一

about200peoplewerekilledintheearthquake,andmanymorewereseriouslyinjured,with

hundredsofthousandshomeless.Thelocalgovernmentisorganizingtherescueandthe

internationalaidhasalsocomefrommanycountries,includingChina.

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Whichofthefollowingisthetopicsentence?

1.AterribleearthquakebrokeoutinIstanbul.

2.About200peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.

3.Theinternationalaidhasalsocomefrommanycountries,includingChina.

4.Allthepeoplewereinapanicduringtheearthquake.

Passage2

Yearsagoi(wasverydifficult(otravelfromoneplacetoanother.Thejoumeyswere

oftenlong,tiringanddangerous.Todaythepicturehaschanged..Therearefirst-classships

andairplanestotakepeoplewheretheirdreamslie,whetherwithinone'scountryorabroad.

Travelinghasbecomesafer,moreenjoyableandaboveall,moreeconomical.Sovvecansay

transportationhasbeenimprovedagreatdeal.

Whichofthefollowingisthetopicsentence?

1.Yearsagoitwasverydifficultto(ravelfromoneplacetoanother.

2.Todaythepicturehaschanged.

3.Transportationhasbeenimprovedagreatdeal.

4.Travelinghasbecomesafer,moreenjoyableandaboveall,moreeconomical.

中级：

1.改写训练

Rewritethefollowingsentences.........(eachwithonesentence).

1.KatelookedatPaulandsaidangrily,“Youputtoomuchsaltonyourfbod.^^

KatesaidtoPaulangrilyheputtoomuchsaltonhisfood.

2.Sheboughtalotofvegetablessuchascabbage,carrots,cucumbers,tomatoes,potatoes

andsomeeggs.Sheintendedtoinviteallhisfriendsforherbirthdaypartyatthe

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weekend.

“Sheboughtvariousvegetablestoholdherselfabirthdaypartywithallherfriends.

3.Nowadaysmoreandmoreteenagerstrytobemoreindependentfromtheirparentsand

sometimesbecomeveryrebellious.Theyalwayswanttowearlongandstrangehairstyle,

whichtheirparentscomplainaboutalot.TheyalsospendtoomuchtimeontheInternetand

playingcomputergames.

»Nowadaysteenstrytoshowtheirindependencebydoingstrangethingsorwastingtime

online,thussomebecomingrebellious.

4.Itisbettertopreventsomethingunpleasantfromhappeningthantrytoputitright

afterwards.

Preventionisbetterthancure.

2.缩写练习

1).Readthefollowingpassageandfillintheblanks.

ItmusthavebeenabouttwointhemorningwhenIreturnedhome.Itriedtowakeup

mywifebyringingthedoorbell,butshewasfastasleep.SoIgotaladderfromtheshedin

thegarden,putitagainstthewall,andbeganclimbingtowardsthebedroomwindow.Iwas

almosttherewhenasarcasticvoicebelowsaid,UIdon'tthinkthewindowsneedcleaningat

thistimeofthenight.''ilookeddownandnearlyfellofftheladderwhenIsawapoliceman.I

immediatelyregrettedansweringinthewayIdid,butIsaid,“Ienjoycleaningwindowsat

night”

“SodoI,“answeredthepolicemaninthesametone."Excusemyinterruptingyou.Ihate

tointemiptamanwhenhe'sbusyworking,butwouldyoumindcomingwithmetothe

station?”

“Well,I'dprefertostayhere,“1said.“Yousee,I'veforgottenmykey.^^

"Youwhat?”hecaled

第13页共21页

“Mykey,“Ishouted.

Fortunately,(heshoutingwokeupmywifewhoopenedthewindowjustasthe

policemanhadstarted:oclimbtowardsme.

点拨：

这是一篇记叙文，请从原文中划出时间、地点、人物、事情的经过和结果。填充下面

所给的summary,注意如何借用词法，语法简化句子。

Summary:

Onarrivinghomeearlyinthemorning,thewriterfailedto

byringingthedoorbell.Hetriedto

.butwasfoundby.Soon

Onarrivinghomeearlyinthemorning,thewriterfailedtowakeuphiswifeby

ringing(hedoorbell.Hetriedtoclimbinthrough(hewindow,butwasfoundbyapoliceman.

Soonhisshoutingwokehiswifeup.

2).Writeasummarywithabout30words.

Advertisingcanbeaservicetocustomers.Thisistruewhenadsgivereliable

informationaboutthegoodsadvertised.Suchinformationisneededifthecustomeristo

makeawisechoicewhenhebuyssomething.Itisusefulbecauseitcanhelpthecustomer

knowmoreaboutthekindsofgoodsavailableintheshops.

However,someadsarenotveryusefultothecustomers.Insteadofhelpingthecustomer

tosatisfyhisrealneeds,theysetouttomakehimwantunnecessarythingsbydoingads

cleverly.TheysetoutLomakeusbelievewhatlliuyadvertisewillmakeuscleverer,prclliur,

morehandsome,ifonlyweuseit.Forexample,thevoiceonTVsays,“ByusingourSKII,it

makesyourskincrystal“Thescreenshowsaseriesofpicturesinwhichafamousactressnot

onlyhasherskinwhitenedbutalsohasherpronouncedwrinklessilkilysmoothed.Some

ladieswithdarkskinwillbepersuadedtochoosethatcosmetic(化妆品).

点拨：

这是一篇议论文，请从原文中划出每一段的主题句，再进行同义转化和衔接。

第14页共21页

Thispassageisaboutadvertisingservice.Adsarenormallyuseful(oprovideinformationfor

wisepurchases,butsomealsolurecustomerstobuyunnecessaryproductsbygiving

exaggeratedorfalseinformation.

高级，

不同文体练习：

A.记叙文

OnarecentSunday,IwasbuyinggroceriesinasupermarketwhenIheardthesoundof

acaraccident.Itwasclosebutnotveryclose,soIcontinuedshopping.

AsItookarightturnonMunadhamaStreet,Isawamanlyingonthegroundinasmall

poolofblood.Hewasn'tdead.

Theideaofstoppingtohelpor(o(akehimtoahospitalcrossedmymind,butIdidn't

dare.Carspassedwithoutstopping.Pedestriansandshopownerskeptdoingwhattheywere

doing,pretendingnothinghadhappened.

iwasstilllookingatthewoundedmanandblamingmyselffornotstoppingtohelp.

Othershopperspeeredathimfromadistance,sorrowfulandsympathetic,butdidnothing.

Iwentontoanothergrocerystore,stayingforaboutfiveminuteswhileshoppingfor

tomatoes,onionsandothervegetables.Duringthattime,themanmanagedtositupand

wavetopassingcars.

Noonestopped.Noonedidanything.Nooneliftedafinger.Thewoundeddiedalonethe

street.Theonlyreactioncamefromawomaninthegrocerystore.Inalowvoice,shesaid,

"MyGod,blesshissoul."

Anofferofaidcouldhavesavedtheman'slife.

Fromthepassagewcknowthattheauthorwitnessedacaraccidentandfoundnoonehelped

theinjuredman.Asaresult,themandiedonthestreet,whichmadehimfeelguilty.

第15页共21页

B、说明文:

Eyecareisanimportantfactorinallofourlives.Withouteyes,weseemtobeabletodo

nothing.But,whatcanwedototakecareofeyes?Firstly,weshouldeathealthyfoods.

Secondly,don'tsitbeforeacomputerscreenorTVfortoolongtimeandtakeregularrestat

intervals（间隔）sothatrelaxtheeyemuscles.Thirdly,havingenoughsleepisthebestrest

fbreyes.

Besidesthosenotices,youshouldbeawareofsomethreatstoeyesindailylives.

Excessiveexposuretobrightsunlightisharmfultoeyes,therefore,whengoingout,

especiallyinsummertime,putonapairofqualifiedsunglasses;Stayawayformsmoking.

Someingredientsincigarettesarecarcinogenesis（致癌的）.

Lastbutnottheleast,takeregularmedicalexaminestothecheckoutpotentialeye

diseaseandpreventitsdelerioration（退化）.Eyesarethemostimportantsenseorgansandone

shouldusepropereyecareproductstoavoidfurtherirritations（刺激性）andensurelongevity

atease.

Oureyesarcimportantforus,sotheauthortellsushowtoprotectoureyes,includingeating

healthyfood,givingthemenoughtimetorest,knowingsomethreats,andtakingfrequenteye

examinations.

C、议论文：

Gellingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabitsinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago,

peoplethoughtthatif\vcwenttobedearlyandgotupearly,wewouldbeenergeticthewhole

day.So,gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.

Infact,morningisthebestlimeofaday.Inthemorning,theairisthefreshestand

peoplearcusuallyinthebestconditions.Manyofusmayhavetheexperiencesthatwc

memorizesomethingsmorequicklyandaccuratelyinthemorningthanatanyothertimeof

theday.Ifwcdosomsmorningexerciseoronlytakeashortwalkinthemorning,wecan

buildourbodiesandbecomemuchhealthier.Alsowewillhaveenoughtimetomakeaplan

andgetreadyforourworkorstudyofthedayifwcgetupearly.However,ifwcgetuplate,

wellprobablyhavetodoeverythinginagreathurry.

Letusremembergettingupearlyisagoodhabitandtryourbesttokeepit.Ifweslick

togettingupearlyeveryday,wcwillcertainlybenefitalotfromit.

第16页共21页

Thepassagemainlytellsusgettingupearlyinthemorningisagoodhabitthat11benefitusa

lot.Ilenablesustohaveabettermemory,healthierbodyandbetterpreparationfortheday.

小结：

1.分析文章结构，准确捕捉要点。

有了“指南针”之后，捕捉短文要点就容易多了。那么，如何才能快速、准确地捕

捉到文章的要点呢？

首先，从文体入手。一般来说，读写任务里的阅读材料按文体可以分成两种：议论

文和记叙文。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据、论证，文章的整体结构多数为总分结构、

分总结构、平行结构等。因此，我们通常可以在第一段或最后一段找论点。

其次，从过渡语入手。

2.理清逻辑关系，选择合适连词。

在捕捉到文章的要点之后，接下来就是要理清他们之间的逻辑关系，再找到适当

的连接词，自然衔接，使之成为一个连贯的语段。如实例一可以用图表示如下：

3.灵活变化表达，适度进行paraphraseo

理清要点之间的逻辑关系之后，不能简单地照搬原句，还必须进行适度的

paraphrase,即用自己的话进行改写，才符合“不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子”的要求。

那么，如何才能达到“雁过不留痕”的效果呢？

(1)同义替换。

(2)语态互换。

(3)非谓语动词短语与从句的互换。

(4)合并句子。

4.削“枝”去“叶”，实行精"兵”裁”员”

由于字数有限制，所以在写summary时还应采取一些必要的手段来进行精“兵”

裁“员”，减少字数。惯常采用的方法有：

(1)主谓缩写。如theywill—>they,ll;weare-we're;shouldnot—shouldn't;cannot—♦can,t

等。

第17页共21页

⑵句式省略。如whenhecrossedtheroad=whcncrossingtheroad,ifthey'recorrectedtoo

much=ifcorrectedtoomuch.

（3）使用代词或含有替代含义的词。

巩固练习：

初级：（记叙文，纯粹概要写作）

Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaand（hemainpointsofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Onadamp,boring,stay-in-housekindofday,Iwasa4-year-oldartistarmedwithanew

treasure:myownbigboxofcrayons（蜡笔）.Somehow,theusualpaperwasn'tspecial

enoughforthese64perfect,sweet-smellingsticksofvividcolor.Ilookedaroundforahiggcr

canvas（画布）.Ifonlytherewerehiddenwalls.WallsliketheonesinMomandDad'scloset.

Slippingquietlydownthehalltothebedroom,Istoodontiptoetoreach（hesiringfor

theclosetlight.Wordsandimagesfilledmymindfasterthanmyhandscouldmakethem.

Abrilliantrainbowwasseenononewall,withacheerygoldensunpeekingoutfrom

above.Below,agiantshadetreesupportedaswingforstick-figurechildren.Around:hem,

flowersbloomedeverywhere.

Mymasterpiece!Allmyveryownmagic!Ilookinthewalls,thecolorsandthe

brightness.Joyswelledinsideme.Butasmycreativitywounddown,athoughtpoppedup:

I'vegottoshowMom!SuddenlyIwasstill.

Momcalledout,^Dinner'sready,"Afterashorttime,herfootstepsapproached,andthen

finally,theclosetdooropened.Istoodnervouslyinthecorne