走近中国历史人物-2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读

2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读.走近中国历史人物

题型主要内容

1

短文选词填空讲述了诸葛亮''草船借箭”的故事。

2

完形填空介绍了中国历史上伟大的教育家孔子的生平、他的教育理念、他对中国教育

所做的贡献及人们对他的评价。

3

完形填空俞伯牙和钟子期知音难求的感人故事。

4

阅读理解介绍了王维和他的诗《送元二使安西》。

5

阅读理解讲述了李时珍的人生故事。

01

（2022.辽宁锦州.中考真题）根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确，

并将答案写在答题卡的相应位置（每个词只能用一次\

fill,through,possible,turned,much,drum,hear,three,these,others

Thisisastoryabouttwowisemen—ZhugeLiangandZhouYu.TheChinesepeoplehavebeen

tellingthestoryformanyyears.Oneday,ZhouYugaveZhugeLiangan]task.Heaskedhimto

make100,000arrows（箭）intendays."Noproblem,5,ZhugeLiangsaidatonce."I'llbringyou100,000

arrowsin2days.”

ZhugeLiangaskedhissoldiers（士兵）I。320largeboatswithmanystraw（稻草imen.On

theearlymorningofthethirdday,healsoaskedthesoldierstosail（航行）theboatstothecampsofCao

Cao,sarmyonthe4sideoftheriver.Thesoldiersshoutedandbeattheirdrumsloudly.

WhenCaoCao'ssoldiers5thesounds,theythoughttheywereunderattack（攻击）.

However,theycouldnotseeenemies6thethickfog（雾）ontheriver.CaoCaoorderedhis

soldierstoshootarrowstowardsthesoundsof（he7andtheshouting.ZhugeLiang'sboatswere

soonfullofarrows.

ZhugeLiang'ssoldiersthen8theboatsaroundandshouted,“Thankyouforyourarrows,

CaoCao."ZhugeLiangtookall9arrowstoZhouYu.Hefinishedthetasksuccessfully.There

were1（）than100,000ofthem.ItisthestoryofBorrowArrowswithStrawBoals.

02

（2022•内蒙古鄂尔多斯•二模）WhoisthegreatestteacherinChinesehistory?Youmaythinkof

Confucius（孔子），September2Bwashisbirthday.Althoughhelivedover2,000years11.people

todaystillrememberandrespecthim.

ConfuciuslivedintheKingdomofLuduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.Hehada12

childhood.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasonly3,sohehadto13tohelphismother,butyoung

Confuciusnever14studying.Hevisitedmanyfamousteachersandlearnedmusic,history,poetry

andsports.

Later,hebecameateacherandstartedthefirstpublicschoolinChina.Atthattimeonlychildrenfrom

15familiescouldgotoschool,butConfuciusbelievedeveryone16gotoschoolifthey

wantedtoleam.Hehadabout3,000studentsinhislifetime.

Today,peoplestill17Confucius,lessons.Hetoldusthatweallhavesomethingworthy（值

得）tobelearned.4iWhenIamwiththreepeople,oneofthemmustbebetterthanmeinsome18.I

choosetheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem?,Healsotaughtusthat19isveryimportantinstudy.

“AHstudybutnothinkingmakespeoplepuzzled（困惑的）.Allthinkingbutnostudymakespeoplelazy.”

Confuciusisnotonlyagreatteacher,butalsoafamousthinkerwithwisethoughtsabouttheworld

andsociety.Hismostimportantteachingsareabout20andgoodmanners.4*Apersonshouldbe

strictwithhimself,butbekindtoothers."hesaid.

11.A.beforeB.agoC.afterD.later

12.A.hardB.happyC.simpleD.pleasant

13.A.studyB.writeC.singD.work

14.A.gaveinB.gaveawayC.gaveupD.gaveout

15.A.richB.poorC.bigD.small

16.A.couldB.mightC.mustD.should

17.A.realizeB.influenceC.studyD.listen

18.A.subjectsB.periodsC.areasD.places

19.A.thinkingB.readingC.teachingD.learning

20.A.happinessB.kindnessC.strictnessD.safeness

03

（2022・四川♦眉山天府新区兴盛学校一模）HaveyoueverheardofthestoryaboutYuBoyaand

ZhongZiqi?Theirfriendshipisatypical21oftheideal（理想的）Chinesefriendship.Hereisthe

story.

DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,therelivedagreatmusiciannamedYuBoya.Heplayedthe

musicalinstRimentguqinverywell.Unluckily,fewpeoplecould22hismusic.

Oneday,Boyawenttravelingbyboat.Onhisway,hemetwithabig23andstoppedthe

boatbytheriverside.Whentherainstopped,seeingthebeautifulscenery（景色［hewasvery24.

Sohetookouthisguqinandbegantoplay.Ashewasthrowinghimselfintoplayingmusic,hesuddenly

noticedthat25waslisteningtohimbytheriverside.Boyacameouttheoftheboatandsawa

personenjoyinghismusic.ThatpersonwasZhongZiqi.Boya26himtohisboatandplayedfor

him.Heplayedonetunc（曲子）thatdescribedthehighmountainandanotherthatdescribedtherunning

water.ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoyaforhismusical27.Boyawasvery

excited,andsaid,“Dearfriend!Onlyyoucanunderstandmymusic!”

They28thattheywouldmeetagaininthesameplacethenextyear.Thefollowingyear,

Boyaarrivedontime,29hedidn'tseeZhong.Later,helearnedthatZhonghaddiedofanillness.

Boyawassosadthathebrokehisguqinanddecided30toplayitagain.

Later,theterm“zhiyin“begantobeusedtodescribeaveryolosefriend.

21.A.ruleB.parC.exampleD.character

22.A.forgetB.believeC.realizeD.understand

23.A.rainB.boatC.instrumentD.fish

24.A.boredB.excitedC.proudD.sad

25.A.somebodyB.everybodyC.anybodyD.nobody

26.A.sentB.invitedC.refusedD.threw

27.A.ruleB.talentC.joumeyD.score

28.A.agreedB.doubledC.mindedD.wondered

29.A.ifB.soC.butD.because

30.A.onlyB.justC.onceD.never

04

（2022.江苏.盐城市盐都区实验初中一模）

®Nodustisraisedontheroadwetwithmorning▲

②Thewillowsbythehotellooksofreshandgreen.

(3)1inviteyoutodrinkacupofwineagain.

©Westofthesunnypassnomorefriendswillbeseen.

(TranslatedbyXuYuanchong)

Withthetemperaturerising,springisagoodtimetogooutandtravelfaraway.TangDynastypoet

WangWeibidfarewelltohisfriendinthisseason.ThepoemAFarewellSongdescribeshisexpcrience.On

aspringmorning,Wanghastosaygoodbyetohisfriend—YuanErwhowouldleaveforafarawayplace

calledAnxi,intoday'sXinjiangUygurautonomousregion.WanghopesthathisfriendYuanwillsafely

returnfromAnxi,althoughheknowsthattheymightnotseeeachotheragain.Evenwiththisknowledge.

thepoetisnotwillingtoshowmuchsorroworsadnessfbrYuan'sdeparture（离开）.Instead,hewantsco

takethetimetotreasuretheirfriendshipandinvitesYuantodrinkacupofwine.Inthepoem,Wanguses

theskillofexchangingroles.Onthesurface,thepoetsaysgoodbyetohisfriend.Butthefactisthatthetwo

likelyhavenochancetoseeeachotheragain.SoitisthatYuansaysgoodbyetothepoetaswell.

WangWeiisconsideredoneofthegreatestpoetsofiheTangDynasty,alongwithDuFuandLiBai.

Ofthethree,WangWeiwastheonlyonewhohadasuccessfulcareerinthebureaucracy（官场）.Whenhe

wasfree,hespentmuchlimeinthecountrysidethinkingaboutnature.Wangisbestknownfordescribing

quietscenesofwaterandmist,withfewdetailsandlittlehumanpresence.Hehasbeenpraisedfor“putting

paintingintohispoetryandpoetryintohispainting.”

31.Whichwordcanbeputin▲?

A.fogB.windC.rainD.sun

32.InAFarewellSong,whichsentencespointouttheplaceandtimeoffarewell?

A.@@B,②④C.D.③④

33.WhatdidWangWeiexpressbywritingthispoem?

A.Hishappinessofenjoyingthescene.B.Hisgreetingstohisfriend.

C.Hissadnessofdeparture.D.Hiswishforhisfriend.

34.WhatcanwelearnaboutWangWeiaccordingtothepassage?

A.Hedidn'tfeelverysadaboutYuan'sdeparture.

B.Hewasagreatsuccessinbothworkandpoetry.

C.Heisbestknownfordescribinghumanswithrichdetails.

D.Heenjoyedwritingpoemsandpaintingatthesametime.

05

（2022•山东•曹县教学研究室二模）LiShizhcnwasoneofthemostfamousdoctorsinChinese

history.HewasborninQichun,Ilubeiin1518.BothofLiShizhen'sfatherandgrandfatherweredoctors.

LiShizhen'sgrandfatherwasacountrydoctorwhotraveledinthecountrysidewithabagofherbs（药

草）andcured（治愈）people.Hisfatherwasadoctorwhowroteseveralbooks.

LiShizhenusedtohelphisfatherinhismedicalpracticewhenhewasyoung.LiShizhen'sfather

wantedhimtoenterpolitics（从政）.LiShizhenstudiedfortheexamsandpassedthecoumry—level

examination,buthewasneverabletopasstheimperial（帝国的）examination.Whenhewas38,hecured

thesonofthePrinceofChuandwasinvitedtobeanofficialinthatcourt（宫廷）.Afewyearslater,he

becameanofficialattheImperialMedicalInstitute.Eventhouglihefulfilledhisfather'sdream,hedidn't

wanttocontinueworkingforthecourt.Oneyearlater,heleftthecourtandreturnedtobeadoctoragain.

LiShizhenwasfamousforhisbook.CompendiumofMateriaMedica（《本草纲目》）.Hespent27

yearswritingthebook.Unluckily,LiShizhendiedbeforethebookwasofficiallypublished.Itissucha

successfulbook.NowitisstilloneofthemostimportantmedicalbooksinChina.

35.WhatdidLiShizhen'sfatherwantLiShizhentodo?

A.Tobeadoctor.B.Towriteabook.C.Toenterpolitics.

36.Whenhewas38,LiShizhencured.

A.hisgrandfatherB.thesonofthePrinceofChuC.anofficialinthatcountry

37.Accordingto（hepassage,whatwasLiShizhenfamousfor?

A.Workingforthecourt.

B.Curingalotofpeople.

C.Thebook,CompendiumofMateriaMcdica.

38.WhichofihefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.LiShizhcn'sgrandfatherwasacountrydoctorandwroteseveralbooks.

B.LiShizhenstudiedfortheexamsandpassedtheimperialexamination.

C.CompendiumofMateriaMedicaisoneofthemostimportantmedicalbooksinChina.

39.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.LiShizhen'slife.B.LiShizhen'sbook.C.LiShizhen'sherbs.

参考答案：

1.impossible2.three3.fill4.other5.heard6.through7.drums8.turned9.thes

e10.more

【导语】本文主要讲述了诸葛亮''草船借箭”的故事。

I.句意：一天，周瑜交给诸葛亮一项不可能完成的任务。根据"Heaskedhimtomake100,000arrows

（箭）intendays”可知在10天内制作10万支箭是不可能的,impossible“不可能的、形容词，故填

impossible.

2.句意：我将在三天内给你带来十万支箭。根据气ays”可知此处应用基数词修饰名词，three“三个”

符合语境，故填three。

3.句意：诸葛亮让他的士兵们在20艘大船上装上稻草人。根据"20largeboatswithmanystraw（稻草）

men”可知是在船上装满稻草人，EH"装满”符合语境，空前有不定式符号，动词用原形，故填行儿

4句意第三天一大早他又叫士兵们把船开到河对岸曹操军队的营地。根据"onthe...sideoftheriver.”

可知是指河岸的另一边，theotherside“另一边”，故填other。

5.句意:当曹操的士兵们听到声音时，他们认为他们遭到了攻击。根据“WhenCaoCao'ssoldiers…the

sounds”可知是指曹军听到了声音,hear“听见”动词，句子是一般过去时动词用过去式，故填heard。

6.句意：然而，他们透过河上的浓雾看不到敌人。根据"However,theycouldnotseecncmics...thethick

fog（雾）ontheriver.”可知此处是指透过浓雾看敌人,through“通过”，介词，符合语境,故填through.

7.句意：曹操命令他的士兵朝着鼓声和喊叫声射箭。根据''CaoCaoorderedhissoldierstoshootarrows

towardsthesoundsofthe”以及上文“beattheirdrumsloudly.”可知是指鼓的声音,故填drums。

8.句意:诸葛亮的士兵把船转过来。根据“ZhugeLiang'ssoldiersthen...theboatsaroundandshouted”

可知是指把船转过来，开回去，turn符合语境，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填turned.

9.句意：诸葛亮把这些箭都带给了周瑜。根据"ZhugcLiangtookall...arrowstoZhouYu”结合备选词

可知是指这些箭，these”这些，符合语境,故填these.

10.句意：有超过1。万支箭。根据“Therewere...than100,000ofthem.”可知此处是指箭的数量超过

10万支,故填more.

II.B12.A13.D14.C15.A16.D17.C18.C19.A20.B

【导语】本文主要介绍了中国历史上伟大的教育家孔子的生平、他的教育理念、他对中国教育所做

的贡献及人们对他的评价。

11.句意：尽管他生活在2000多年前，但今天的人们仍然记得和尊重他。

before在...之前；ago以前;after在....之后;later之后。根据"Althoughhelivedover2,00Cyears...''

可知，此处表示在“2000多年前“，应用“ago”。故选B。

12.句意：他有一个艰难的童年。

hard艰难的；happy开心;simple简单的；pleasant令人愉快的。根据“Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasonly

3”可知，他有一个艰难的童年。故选A。

13.句意：父亲在他三岁的时候就去世了，所以他不得不工作来帮助母亲，但年轻的孔子从未放弃

学习。

study学习;write写;sing唱歌;work工作。根据"sohehadto...tohelphismother,“可知，他不得不

工作来帮助母亲。故选D。

14.句意：父亲在他三岁的时候就去世了，所以他不得不工作来帮助母亲，但年轻的孔子从未放弃

学习。

gavein屈月员;gaveaway泄露;gaveup放弃;gaveout分发。根据“Hevisiledmanyfamousteachersand

learnedmusic,history,poetryandsports”可知,孔子从未放弃学习。故选Co

15.句意：那时，只有富家子弟才能上学，但孔子认为每个人想学习就应该上学.

rich富有的；poor贫穷的；big大的；small小的。根据“Atthattimeonlychildrenfrom...familiescould

gotosch。。「可知，那时只有富家子弟才能上学。故选A。

16.句意：那时，只有富家子弟才能上学，但孔子认为每个人想学习就应该上学。

could可以;might可能;must必须should应该。根据“Confuciusbelievedeveryone...gotoschoolifthey

wantedtolearn.”可知，孔子认为每个人想学习就应该上学。改选D。

17.句意：现在，人们还在学习孔子的课程。

realize意识到；influence影响;study学习;listen听。根据“Hetoldusthatweallhavesomethingworthy

（值得）tobelearned.”可知，现如今人们还在学习孔子的课程。故选C。

18.句意：当我和三个人在一起时，他们中的一个在某些方面一定比我好。

subjects科目periods时期;areas方面;places地方。根据''Ichoosetheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem.^^

可知，三人行必要我师焉，所以他们中的一个在某些方面一定比我好。故选C。

19.句意：他还告诉我们，思考在学习中非常重要。

thinking思考;reading阅读;(caching教;learning学习。根据“AHthinkingbutnostudymakespeople

lazy「可知，孔子认为思考在学习中非常重要。故选A。

20.句意：他最重要的教导是关于善良和良好的举止。

happiness开心；kindness善良"rictness严格;safcness安全。根据"Apersonshouldbestrictwithhimself,

butbekindtoothers."可知，他最重要的教导是关于善良和良好的举止。故选B。

21.C22.D23.A24.B25.A26.B27.B28.A29.C30.D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是俞伯牙和钟子期知音难求的感人故事。

21•句意：他们的友谊是理想的中国友谊的典型例子。

rule规贝!j;part部分;example例子character性格。根据“HaveyoueverheardofthestoryaboutYuBoya

andZhongZiqi?Theirfriendshipisatypical...oftheideal（理想的）Chinesefriendship.Hereisthestory.”

可知，此处是用俞伯牙和钟子期举了一个例子。故选Co

22.句意：不幸的是，很少有人能听懂他的音乐。

forget忘记;believe相信;realize意识；understand理解。根据“Zhongunderstoodbothofthemand

admiredBoya”可知，此处没人能听懂他的音乐。故选D。

23.句意：在路上，他遇到了一场大雨，把船停在河边。

rain雨;boat船;instrument仪器;fish鱼。根据"Whentherainstopped”可知，遇到了一场大雨。故

选A。

24.句意：雨停了，看到美丽的景色，他非常激动。

bored乏味的;excited兴奋的proud自豪的>ad悲伤的。根据“Whentherainstopped,seeingthebeautiful

scenery（景色）”可口Sohetookouthisguqinandbegantoplay.”可知，此处他应该非常激动。故选B。

25•句意：当他全神贯注地演奏音乐时，他突然注意到河边有人在听他演奏。

somebody某人;everybody每个人;anybody任何人;nobody没有人。根据''Boyacameouttheofthe

boatandsawapersonenjoyinghismusic.”可知,有人在听他演奏。故选A。

26•句意：伯牙邀请他到他的船上为他演奏。

sent寄送;invited邀请;refused拒绝；threw扔。根据"ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoya”

可知，伯牙邀请他到他的船上。故选B。

27.句意：钟子期听懂了这两首曲子，并钦佩伯牙的音乐才能。

rule规贝!]^alent才能journey旅行^core分数。根据“ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoya**

和“Boyawasveryexcited,andsaid,'Dearfriend!Onlyyoucanunderstandmymusic!，”可知，子期钦佩伯

牙的音乐才能.故选B.

28.句意：他们约定明年再在同一个地方见面。

agreed同意，约定;doubted怀疑；minded介意；wondered想知道。根据''theywouldmeetagaininthe

sameplacethenextyear”可知，此处表两个人的约定。故