2025届高考英语二轮复习强化专练考点03阅读理解说明文含解析

考点03阅读理解说明文Passage1（2024·南昌县莲塘第一中学高三月考）Justwhenwethoughtwehadseenallthemagicalthingsthat3Dprintingcando,herecomesanother—aworkingartificialleghastransformedthelifeofalittleCanadianduckling(小鸭)calledDudley,whohadbeenstrugglingtogetbyafterlosingaleg.ThestorybeganonAugust19th,2013,whenthenewly-bornhealthyDudleyandhisbrotherwereplacedinsideachickencoop(笼子)attheK9-1-1AnimalandRescueServicesinSicamous,BritishColumbia.Withinafewhours,anaggressivechickenattackedthetwo,killingDudley'sbrotherandleavinghimwithadisability!WhileDudleycouldswimwithhissingleleg,hehadahardtimewalkingonthefirmground.Determinedtohelphim,DougNelson,theowneroftheshelterdecidedtoconsultTerenceLoring,thefounderofadesignfirmthatamongotherthingsalsooffers3Dprintingdesigns.Giventhathehadjustlaunched3pillardesigns,Terencesomewhathesitatedtotakeonaducklingashisfirstclient(客户).ButassoonashesawbravelittleDudleywalkingaroundononeleg,Terenceknewhehadtodosomething.Usinghisbiomedicalengineeringtraining,Terencespentthenextfewweekscreatinga3Dtemplate(模板),afterhefoundouthowducks'legsworkinYouTubevideosaboutducks.Onceready,hesentthemtoOntario-based3DengineeringfirmProto3000,whoagreedtoprinttheleg.Thesecondartificiallegwasmuchstrongerthanthefirstone.WhentheartificiallegthatisprintedfromstrongABS,athermoplastic(热塑性塑料)thatbecomessoftandmoldablewhenheatedandattachedtoafootdesignedfromsoftandflexiblerobber-likeplastic,wasfittedtoDudley,hiswholemannerchanged.Hewaggedhistailandshoweditofftohisbestfriend一apigcalledElsie.Ofcourse,asDudleyhasbeengrowing,thelegandfoothavehadtobereplaced.Butthathasn'tbotheredTerencewhocontinuestoimprovethedesign.ThebestpartisthatTerencehasputallthedesignsonhiswebsitesothatanyonewishingtohelpoutananimalsufferingfromasimilarinjurycandoso,bysimplyhittingtheprintbuttononhis/her3Dprinter!1．HowdidDudleylosehisleg?A．Hewasn'twelllookedafter.B．Helostitinatrafficaccident.C．Helostitinachickenattack.D．Hewasbornwithadisability.2．WhatdoweknowaboutTerenceLoring'sdesignfirm?A．Itisthefirstonetooffer3Dprintingdesigns.B．3Dprintingdesignsareonlypartofitsservices.C．Itsmainclientsareinjuredanimals.D．ItoftencooperateswithProto3000.3．WhatdidTerencefirstdotomakeanartificiallegforDudley?A．ConsultingDudley'sowneraboutthesolution.B．Creatinga3DtemplatewiththehelpofProto3000.C．Beingtrainedinbiomedicalengineering.D．WatchingYouTubevideosaboutducks.4．ToTerence'sgreatsatisfaction,________.A．DudleyhasgotapermanentartificiallegB．apossiblesolutionhasbeenfoundtohelpsufferinganimalsC．hesucceededinhisfirstattempttomakeDudleyanartificiallegD．hisdesignhasbecomewidelyknownonline【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍Terence利用3D打印技术胜利地为一只小鸭子做了一条假肢，让那些关切动物的人看到了治疗受伤动物的一种可行方法。1．细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段“Withinafewhours,anaggressivechickenattackedthetwo,killingDudley'sbrotherandleavinghimwithadisability!(几个小时后，一只有攻击性的鸡攻击了他们俩，杀死了Dudley的哥哥，并使它成为残疾!)”可知，Dudley和鸡关在一起，受到了鸡的攻击而失去了一条腿，故选C。2．细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段“Determinedtohelphim,DougNelson,theowneroftheshelterdecidedtoconsultTerenceLoring,thefounderofadesignfirmthatamongotherthingsalsooffers3Dprintingdesigns.(为了帮助他，该收容所的主子DougNelson确定询问TerenceLoring，后者是一家设计公司的创始人，该公司也供应3D打印设计。)”可知，Terence的公司除了3D打印设计，还供应其他服务。故选B。3．细微环节理解题。依据文章第四段“Usinghisbiomedicalengineeringtraining,Terencespentthenextfewweekscreatinga3Dtemplate(模板),afterhefoundouthowducks'legsworkinYouTubevideosaboutducks.(Terence利用他的生物医学工程训练，在YouTube上关于鸭子的视频中发觉鸭子的腿是如何工作的之后，他花了几周时间创建了一个3D模板。)”可知，Terence先从YouTube视频上看鸭子腿的运动原理，然后再利用自己生物医学工程方面的学问制作出了一个3D模板，故选D。4．推理推断题。依据文章最终一段“ThebestpartisthatTerencehasputallthedesignsonhiswebsitesothatanyonewishingtohelpoutananimalsufferingfromasimilarinjurycandoso,bysimplyhittingtheprintbuttononhis/her3Dprinter!(最棒的是，Terence把全部的设计都放在了他的网站上，这样任何想要帮助遭遇类似损害的动物的人都可以这样做，只需点击他/她的3D打印机上的打印按钮!)”可推断，让Terence最兴奋的是，他的这一做法让那些关切动物的人看到了治疗受伤动物的一种可行方法。故选B。Passage2（2024·河北高三月考）BritainisthesixthfattestcountrywithintheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD).Formorethanadecade,severalConservativeprimeministershavedeclaredobesityanationalemergencyandpromisedtotakethoroughaction,onlytoproducedisappointingplansthatfallfarshyofwhatisrequired.ItshouldnothavetakenadiseaselikeCovid-19toramhometheawfulconsequencesoftheUK'sobesity.Obesity,aswellasitsassociatedconditionsofdiabetesandhighbloodpressure,isstronglyassociatedwithahigherriskofdeathfromCovid-19andwillhaveundoubtedlybeenafactorintheUKhavingthehighestCoviddeathrateinEurope.AsthePrimeMinister,BorisJohnson'sexperienceofcatchingthevirusandbeingadmittedtoICUhasreportedlyresultedinacompletechangeinhim,whohaspreviouslypridedhimselfonhisdisliketoanover-controllingstate.Thegovernmentisexpectedtosetoutanewstrategythisweek,aimedatreducingobesitylevelsbothinthenextfewmonths—aheadofapossiblesecondwaveofinfections—andthelongerterm.Thisapparentchangeiswelcome,butonlyifitresultsinacompletechangeinthegovernment'sapproach,whichdoesn'trelyonpersonalresponsibilitybutonmuchtougherregulation,aswithtobaccoandalcohol.Thereisabundantevidenceaboutwhatisneededtocutobesityandinrecentyearsreportafterreport,includingfromPublicHealthEnglandandtheformerchiefmedicalofficer,havecalledforurgentaction.YetthesecallswereignoredbyConservativeministerswhohaveseeminglyputthefoodanddrinkindustry'sfinancialinterestsoverthehealthofthenation.5．WhathaveConservativeprimeministersdonewithobesityinthepasttenyears?A．Theyhavedenieditisanationalemergency. B．Theyhavecalledforimmediateactiononit.C．Theyhavetakenthoroughstepstocontrolit. D．Theyhavemadeunsatisfyingplanstoreduceit.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"ramhome"inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A．Makepeoplerathertiredof. B．Makepeoplefullyawareof.C．Makepeoplehighlyskepticalof. D．Makepeopledeeplyashamedof.7．WhatwilltheBritishgovernmentprobablydonext?A．Itwillprobablyissueanewstrategytocutobesity.B．Itwillprobablylaylessstressonfinancialinterests.C．Itwillprobablysetstricterlimitsontobaccoandalcohol.D．ItwillprobablytakeactiontoreduceCovid-19deathrate.8．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Obesity,anUrgentIssueintheUK B．UK,aCountrySufferingfromCovid-19C．UK,aCountryReadyforaCompleteChange D．Obesity,aCauseofHighestCovidDeathRate【答案】5．D6．B7．A8．A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白英国如今的肥胖问题已经成为了英国急需处理的问题，文章介绍了英国政府对这一问题所实行的一些措施和取得的成效。5．细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“Formorethanadecade,severalConservativeprimeministershavedeclaredobesityanationalemergencyandpromisedtotakethoroughaction,onlytoproducedisappointingplansthatfallfarshyofwhatisrequired.(十多年来，几位保守党首相已宣布肥胖问题为国家紧急状况，并承诺实行彻底行动，结果却出台了令人悲观的安排，远远达不到所需的目标)”可知，在过去十年里，保守党首相们制定了不令人满足的安排来削减肥胖问题。故选D。6．词义揣测题。依据画线词后文“Obesity,aswellasitsassociatedconditionsofdiabetesandhighbloodpressure,isstronglyassociatedwithahigherriskofdeathfromCovid-19andwillhaveundoubtedlybeenafactorintheUKhavingthehighestCoviddeathrateinEurope.(肥胖以及与之相关的糖尿病和高血压与Covid-19死亡风险较高亲密相关，而且毫无疑问将在英国成为欧洲Covid-19死亡率最高的一个因素)”以及“theawfulconsequencesoftheUK'sobesity”可知，作者认为不应当用Covid-19这样的疾病来让人们充分意识到肥胖的可怕后果，故画线词意思为“使人们充分意识到”。故选B。7．推理推断题。依据第三段中“Thegovernmentisexpectedtosetoutanewstrategythisweek,aimedatreducingobesitylevelsbothinthenextfewmonths—aheadofapossiblesecondwaveofinfections—andthelongerterm.(政府预料将于本周制定一项新战略，旨在在将来几个月——可能出现其次波感染之前以及更长期内降低肥胖水平)”可推知，英国政府下一步可能会发布一项削减肥胖的新政策。故选A。8．主旨大意题。依据第一段中“BritainisthesixthfattestcountrywithintheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD).(在经济合作与发展组织中，英国是第六大肥胖国家)”结合文章主要说明白英国如今的肥胖问题已经成为了英国急需处理的问题，文章介绍了英国政府对这一问题所实行的一些措施和取得的成效。可知，A选项“肥胖——英国的一个紧迫问题”最符合文章标题，故选A。Passage3（2024·上海市大同中学高三期中）AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracy.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2024presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives---especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias(偏向).“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimately(亲密地)andimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteracting(抵制)thisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills---andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.9．AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson________.A．thejustificationofthenews-filteringpracticeB．peoplespreferenceforsocialmediaplatformsC．theadministration’sabilitytohandleinformationD．thereliabilityofsocialmediaasasourceofnews10．AccordingtotheKnightFoundationsurvey,youngpeople________.A．preferbiasedperspectivesonnewsB．tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspaceC．checkoutnewsbyreferringtodiverseresourcesD．liketoexchangeviewsthrough“distributedtrust”11．TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis________.A．readers’lackofknowledge B．journalists’mistakenreportingC．readers’misinterpretation D．journalists’made-upstories12．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnlineB．ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrendC．TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMediaD．ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalValuesandInterests【答案】9．D10．C11．C12．A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲解并描述了美国人对社交媒体新闻的牢靠性的怀疑以及他们在在线共享新闻的关键技能方面的提高。【详解】1.细微环节理解题。依据第一段“AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.”（哈佛高校的一项新调查发觉，超过三分之二的美国年轻人不赞成特朗普总统运用推特。这意味着，千禧一代更喜爱通过其他来源过滤白宫的新闻，而不是通过总统的社交媒体平台。）和其次段最终一句“AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.”（BuzzFeedNews进行的一项调查发觉，44%的Facebook用户很少或从不信任这家媒体巨头的新闻。）可知，很多美国年轻人怀疑社交媒体作为新闻来源的牢靠性。故选D。2.细微环节理解题。依据第三段第三句“Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives---especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias(偏向).”（他们会反复核对消息来源，更喜爱从不同角度来看的新闻——尤其是那些对任何偏见都公开的新闻。）可知，依据KnightFoundation的调查，年轻人通过参考不同的资源来核对新闻。故选C。3.细微环节理解题。依据第五段第三句AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.（巴纳探讨集团(Barnaresearchgroup)的一项调查发觉，美国人给出的假新闻现象的首要缘由是“读者错误”，而不是报道中的编造故事或事实错误。）可知，虚假新闻问题的首要缘由是读者的错误会读。故选C。4.主旨大意题。依据最终一段“Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills---andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.”（因此，当年轻人对过度发推文的总统提出指责时，他们揭示了一种思维技巧方面的心理规律——以及他们对何时在社交媒体上共享的选择。）可知，本文主要是讲在线共享新闻的关键技能的提高，A选项最适合作文章标题。故选A。Passage4（2024·上海市大同中学高三期中）Climatechangeiscausedbytheextremelyhighlevelsofdangerouschemicalsintheatmosphere,particularlycarbondioxide(CO2).Itisestimatedthataverageglobaltemperatureswillrisebetweentwoandsixdegreesbytheendofthiscentury.Weallknowtheeffectscouldbedisastrous,butareweawareofthepossiblesolutions?Solutionone:_______?_______Crazyasitsounds,agroupofacademicsfromBritishuniversitiesismakingaplantobuilda12-milepipe,heldupbyahugeballoon,thatwouldletenormousquantitiesofpoisonouschemicals,suchassulphurdioxide(SO2),gointotheatmosphere.Surprisingly,thereisgoodsciencebehindtheidea.Thechemicalswouldformaprotectivelayeraroundtheearththatwouldreflectsunlightandsocooltheearth,muchliketheeffectsofavolcaniceruption.Cost:around$10billionayear.Benefits:thisplanwouldproducealmostinstantresults.Risks:volcanoeshavealmostwipedouthumanityinthepastthroughthepoisonouschemicalsreleasedintheatmosphere,andthesamethingcouldhappenagainwiththisplan.Solutiontwo:stiruptheoceansIntellectualVentures,acompanythatinvestsinprojectstocombatglobalwarming,hasproposedbuildingamillionplastictubes,eachabout100metreslong,andusingthemtostiruptheocean.Why,youmightbewondering,wouldwewanttodothis?Again,theanswerisscientificallyvalid.Thebottomoftheoceanisalmostfreezingandbystirringitup,coldwaterwouldcometothesurfaceandabsorbheatandCO2,andsocooltheplanet.Cost:tensofmillionsofdollars.Benefits:thisplanisrelativelycheapandtechnicallypossiblenow.Risks:thetubeswoulddisruptandpossiblydestroysealife,andtheplanmaynotwork.Solutionthree:stopburningfossilfuelsThisisundoubtedlythebestsolutionbutisitreallyliketohappeninthenearfuture?Cost:unknown,butintheshorttermitwouldprobablyinvolveglobaleconomiccollapse.Benefits:it’sasimpleandeffectiveplan.Risks:itmayalreadybetoolate.Withoutrealaction,thisplancouldjustmean“donothing”.13．Solutiononeismostlikelytobe________.A．pumpevenmorechemicalsintotheatmosphereB．formaprotectivelayerwithvolcaniceruptionsC．buildapipetogetridofpoisonouschemicalsD．drawasmuchsunlightaspossible14．Whatcanbelearnedaboutsolutiontwo?A．Itneedsmorevalidscientificexperiment.B．Itaimstocoolthewarmsurfacewaterintheocean.C．Itmaydoharmtoanimalsandplantslivinginthesea.D．Itismuchmoreexpensivetocarryoutthansolutionone.15．Whatdoesthewriterthinkofsolutionthree?A．Itiseffectivebecauseitwillbenefitworldeconomy.B．Whetheritwillcometrueremainstobeseen.C．Puttingitintopracticemaycostnothing.D．Actionhasbeentakentocarryitout.【答案】13．A14．C15．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。针对气候改变这一危机，文章列出了三个措施并加以说明。【详解】1.细微环节理解题。依据Solutionone部分第一句“Crazyasitsounds,agroupofacademicsfromBritishuniversitiesismakingaplantobuilda12-milepipe,heldupbyahugeballoon,thatwouldletenormousquantitiesofpoisonouschemicals,suchassulphurdioxide(SO2),gointotheatmosphere.”（尽管这听起来很疯狂，一群来自英国高校的学者正在安排建立一条12英里长的管道，由一个巨大的气球支撑，这将使大量的有毒化学物质，如二氧化硫进入大气。）可知，措施一很有可能将更多的化学物质排入大气。故选A。2.细微环节理解题。依据Solutiontwo部分Risks中的“thetubeswoulddisruptandpossiblydestroysealife,andtheplanmaynotwork.”（这些管道将扰乱甚至可能摧毁海洋生物，而这一安排可能行不通。）可知，措施二可能会对海洋中的动物和植物造成危害。故选C。3.推理推断题。依据Solutionthree部分第一句“Thisisundoubtedlythebestsolutionbutisitreallyliketohappeninthenearfuture?”（这无疑是最好的解决方法，但在不久的将来真的会发生吗?）可知，作者认为措施三是否会成为现实尚未可知。故选B。Passage5（2024·江苏南京市·南京一中高三月考）Less,AMinimalistLivingGuide:HowtoDeclutter,Organize,andSimplifyYourLife.Thankstoatravel-inspiredrevelation(启发),Jayhasbeenhappilylivingasimplerlifefor12years."Ialwayspackedaslightlyaspossible,andfounditexcitingtogetbywithjustasmallcarry-onbag,"shetoldCNN."Ithoughtifitfeelsthisgreattotravellightly,howamazingwoulditbetolivethisway?Iwantedtohavethatsamefeelingoffreedominmyeverydaylife."Jaydecidedtogetridofallherexcess(额外的)possessionsandlivewithjusttheessentials(必需品)."Iwantedtospendmytimeandenergyonexperiences,ratherthanthings."Jayisafollowerofamovementcalled"minimalism(极简主义)".Growingnumbersofpeoplehavebeenattractedtothislifestyleallovertheworld.Theysharethesamefeelingofdisappointmentwithmodemlifeandadesiretolivemoresimply.Minimalistsaretypicallyprogressiveandconcernedabouttheenvironment,LeahWatkins,aleadresearcheratOtagoUniversityinNewZealand,toldStuffmagazineinMarch.Butmanysimplyexperiencedunhappinesscausedbyowningtoomanypossessions.Depressionwiththematerialismofourworldisn'tnew.EnglishromanticpoetWilliamWordsworthsummeduphowdispiriting(令人消沉的)thiswasbackin1802,atthebeginningoftheindustrialage,whenhewrote:"Gettingandspending,welaywasteourpowers".Hispreferencewastogobacktonature.Closertoourowntimes,thehippies(嬉皮士)ofthe1960salsosoughtto“dropout”ofmodernlife.Andformanyminimalists,theirkeyistounload.Withoutobjects,they"believepeopleareforcedmoreandmoreintothepresentmomentandthat'swherelifehappens,"wroteStuff.Butdoessimplicityeverfeellikeasacrifice(牺牲)?"It'seliminatingtheexcess-unuseditems,unnecessarypurchases-fromyourlife.Well,Imayhavefewerpossessions,butIhavemorespace…Minimalismismakingroomforwhatmattersmost,"saidJay.And"therealquestions",accordingtoDuaneElgin,USsocialscientist,are"whatdoyoucareabout?"and"Whatdoyouvalue?"HetoldCNN:"It'simportantforpeopletorealizeminimalismisn'tsimplytheamountofstuffweconsume.It'saboutourfamilies,ourwork.ourconnectionwiththelargerworld,ourspiritualdimension.It'sabouthowwetouchthewholeworld.It'sawayoflife."16．WhatinspiredFrancineJaytoliveasimplelife?A．Abookshecameacross.B．Herdesiretokeepupwithmodemlife.C．Thepleasuresheenjoyedfromtravelinglightly.D．Afollowerofminimalismshemetonatrip.17．AccordingtoLeahWatkins,atypicalminimalisttendsto___.a.befedupwithmaterialismb.likesavingandvisitingnatureoftenc.beangryabouthisorhercurrentlifed.beenvironmentallyfriendlyandlivewithfewerthingsA．a,b B．a,d C．a,b,c D．b,c,d18．Theunderlinedword"eliminating"inParagraph8probablymeans___.A．removing B．distinguishing C．accepting D．improving19．WhichofthefollowingwouldDuaneElginprobablyagreewith?A．Minimalismisahealthylifestylethatisinconflictwithmodemlife.B．Minimalismlimitspeople'sfreedomtoenjoytheirlivestothefullest.C．Minimalismenablespeopletoreflectonwhattrulycountsintheirlives.D．Minimalismmeanspeoplehavetosacrificesomepleasuretolivesimply.【答案】16．C17．B18．A19．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章探讨了极简主义思潮，全世界越来越多的人被极简主义的生活方式所吸引。极简主义认为，回来自然，减去生活中不必要的东西，有助于人们变得更欢乐。16．细微环节理解题。依据其次段“Thankstoatravel-inspiredrevelation，Jayhasbeenhappilylivingasimplerlifefor12years.”(多亏了一个旅游启示录，Jay12年来始终欢乐地过着简洁的生活。)及下文“Ialwayspackedaslightlyaspossible,andfounditdelightingtogetbywithjustasmallcarryonbag.Ithoughtifitfeelsthisgreattotravellightly,howamazingwoulditbetolivethisway?Iwantedtohavethatsamefeelingoffreedominmyeverydaylife.”(我总是尽量轻装上阵，只带一个小提包就过得很开心。我想假如轻装上阵感觉这么好，这样生活会有多奇异？我想在我的日常生活中有同样的自由感。)可知轻松地享受旅行的乐趣激发了Jay过着简朴的生活。故选C项。17．细微环节理解题。依据第四段“Theysharethesamefeelingofdisappointmentwithmodemlifeandadesiretolivemoresimply.”（他们对现代生活有着同样的悲观，渴望过更简洁的生活。）及“Minimalistsaretypicallyprogressiveandconcernedabouttheenvironment,LeahWatkins,aleadresearcheratOtagoUniversityinNewZealand,toldStuffmagazineinMarch.”(OtagoUniversity的首席探讨员LeahWatkins今年3月在接受Stuffmagazine的采访时表示，极简主义者通常是进步的，并且他们关切环境。)可知典型的极简主义者们对现代生活是悲观的，他们的行为对环境友好，并且他们生活时用的东西较少。故选B项。18．词句揣测题。依据下文中“Imayhavefewerpossessions,butIhavemorespace…Minimalismismakingroomforwhatmattersmost,"saidJay.”（杰伊说：“我可能拥有的东西少了，但我有更多的空间...简约主义为最重要的东西腾出了空间。”）可以推知，为了有更多的空间，简约主义的人会把不必要的东西去掉。所以划线的词的意思为“祛除，移走”，选项A符合文意。故选A项。19．推理推断题。依据倒数其次段“And“therealquestions”,accordingtoDuaneElgin,USsocialscientist,are“whatdoyoucareabout?”and“Whatdoyouvalue?”(美国社会科学家DuaneElgin认为，“真正的问题”是“你关切什么？”和“你看重什么？”)及最终一段中的“It’simportantforpeopletorealizeminimalismisn’tsimplytheamountofstuffweconsume.It’saboutourfamilies,ourwork,ourconnectionwiththelargerworld,ourspiritualdimension.”(人们必需相识到极简主义不仅仅是我们消费的东西的数量。它关乎我们的家庭，我们的工作，我们与更广袤世界的联系，我们的精神层面。)可以推理得知DuaneElgin认为极简主义使人们能够反思他们生活中真正重要的东西。故选C项。Passage6（2024·江苏南京市·南京一中高三月考）WhenIwas16yearsoldandinfostercare（非亲代养）inTennessee，peopletoldmeIwasunadoptable．ButIdesperatelywantedafamily．Isoughtthehelpofajudge，eventhecommissioneroftheDepartmentofChildren'sServicesandwasadoptedjustaweekbeforemy18thbirthday．Wehavealottobegratefulforandthisholidayseason.Let'snotforgetaboutthemorethan415000youthinfostercareespeciallyolderyouth．Theseyoutharethemostlikelytogetoverlookedforadoptionbuttheyshouldn'tbe．Theyneedanddeserveafamilyjustasmuchasyoungchildrendo．Makinganolderyouthapartofyourfamilycanbringjustasmuchajoyasadoptingababyorayoungerchild-withoutallthediapersandpottytraining．Myadoptionwaslifechangingandprobablythebestthingthateverhappenedtome．Istillrememberthefirstgiftmyparentsgavetome．ItwasaMickeyMousekeychainwithakeytotheirhome．TheytoldmethatnomatterwhathappenedtheywouldalwayslovemeandI'dalwayshaveaplacetocomehometo．Thisisour17thThanksgivingtogether…MyfirstThanksgivingwithmyfamilywasalittleoverwhelmingwithlotsofextendedfamilyincludinggrandparents，aunts，uncles，andcousins．However，it'swhenIrealizedthatIwouldneverhavetospendanotherholidayaloneandthatwastrulyanamazingfeeling．Iwasalwayseagertospendtimewithmylittlesister，Beth．ShewassixwhenIjoinedthefamily．Mydadalwayssaysheknewwewerereallysisters，andIwasnolongeraguestinthehousewhenBethandIhadourfirstfight．Today，she'soneofmybestfriends，andI'mherbiggestcheerleader．TherewerealsobittersweetThanksgivings．Onewespentinmymom'shospitalroom．Itwastherethatshehelpedmeplanmyweddingbutpassedawaythreeweeksbeforetheceremony，Mydadwalkedmedowntheaisle，andmysisterwasmymaidofhono,Becauseofourbondwewereabletosupporteachotherthroughthatchallengingtimeandthat'swhatfamilyisfor-thegoodandbadtimes．It'snicehavingmydadandsistertoshareholidaysandspecialoccasions．Butthey'reevenmoreimportantwhenitcomestothelittlethingslikehavingsomeonetosharemybaddaywith,celebratemypromotionatwork，orhelpmethinkthroughadifficultdecision．It'sinthesemomentsthatIjustcan'timaginebeingaloneintheworld．I'msogladthatIdidn'tlistentothosepeoplewhosaidIwasunadoptable，I'dneverfindafamily，andthatIwasputtingmyselfoutthereforrejection．It'sariskforolderfosteryouthtoconsideradoption．It'sanopportunitytoberejectedonceagain．Butit'sarisktheyshouldtakebecauselifedoesn'tendat18．It'sreallyjustbeginning．Ifyouknowsomeonewhomightconsideradoptinganolderteen，pleasesharemystory--andhavehimorherthinkofmyfamily．Theydidn'tgettoseemyfirststepsorwatchmebeapilgriminmysecondgradeThanksgivingplay．ButtheytaughtmesomanythingsaboutlifeandweretheretowatchmewalkacrossthestagewhenIgraduatedfromcollegeandlawschoolandaccompaniedmetotheWhiteHouselastyearasIwashonoredformyworkhelpingfosteryouth．IlookforwardtomanymoreThanksgivingswithmyfamilyandI'meternallythankfultheychosemetobeapartoftheirfamily．20．Whatdoestheauthor'spersonalexperienceindicate？A．It'sratherdifficultforolderyouthtobeadopted．B．Olderyouthbringlessjoythanbabies．C．It'sboringhavingabittersweetThanksgiving．D．Anolderyouthaged18istoooldtoneedafamily．21．Whatcontributestotheauthor'sfeelingthatshecan'timaginebeingaloneintheworld？A．Thefamily'sgivingtheauthoraMickeyMouseasagift．B．Theauthor'sspendingherThanksgivingwithherextendedfamilyfor17years．C．Themother'sfailingtoattendtheauthor'sweddingceremonyforherseveredisease．D．Thefamily'salwayssharinghappinessandsorrowwithher．22．Theunderlinedsentence"It'sanopportunitytoberejectedonceagain．"inParagraph8meansthat___．A．olderteenstaketheopportunitytobeadoptedB．olderteensarelesslikelytobeadoptedC．olderteenscreatetheopportunitytobeadoptedD．olderteensareindangerofbeingadopted23．What'stheauthor'smainpurposeofwritingthepassage？A．Toexpressherappreciationforherfamily．B．Toshowsympathytotheunadoptableolderyouth．C．Toappealtomorepeopletoadopttheolderyouth．D．Topersuadethereadersnottobelieveothers’words.【答案】20．A21．D22．B23．C【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了大龄儿童被领养是很困难的，但他们也须要爱和归属感，呼吁更多的人收养大龄儿童。【详解】1.推理推断题。依据第一段“WhenIwas16yearsold