高三英语上学期二轮复习专项特殊句式考点归纳课件

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用-2目录CONTENTS常见特殊句式介绍1特殊句式的运用技巧3特殊句式语法规则2特殊句式的练习与拓展5考点归纳与练习41常见特殊句式介绍常见特殊句式介绍1.1强调句强调句是对某一部分内容进行强调的句式。例如："ItispreciselythisbookthatIhavebeenlookingfor."(正是这本书我在找。)常见特殊句式介绍1.2倒装句倒装句是指谓语前置的句子，有完全倒装和部分倒装两种形式。如："Onlythendidwerealizetheseriousnessofthesituation."(只有那时我们才意识到情况的严重性。)第一章：常见特殊句式介绍虚拟语气用于表达与事实相反或不太可能实现的假设情况。如："IfIwereyou,Iwoulddoitdifferently."(如果我是你，我会以不同的方式去做。)1.3虚拟语气句2特殊句式语法规则特殊句式语法规则82.1强调句的语法结构与用法强调句的结构是"Itis/was…that/who…"，主要强调句子的某一成分。例如：重点强调主语、宾语等2.2倒装句Inversion的构成与分类完全倒装是指将整个谓语部分放在主语之前，部分倒装则是将助动词、情态动词等放在主语之前2.3虚拟语气句TheSubjunctiveMood的构成与类型虚拟语气分为三种情况：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反和纯假设的情况。其结构包括if引导的条件句和主句的谓语形式变化1.结构:Itis/was+被强调部分+that+其他成分被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语,但不能是谓语。强调人时还可用who/whom做连词,而强调时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语或方式状语均只用that,而不用when,where,why等.强

调

句2.主谓一致:强调句在强调主语时,that/who后边的动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致.1.Itismyparentsthat/whoaresinginginthenextroom.2.ItisIthat/whoamgoingforaholidaywithMary.*当主语部分是notonlyAbutalsoB/neitherAnorB/eitherAorB/notAbutB等，即由并列连词连接的A、B两个主语时，谓语动词由B来确定（根据就近原则）。如：

Itiseither

youor

Iwho/thatamwrong.*当主语部分为A+ratherthan/except/besides/aswellas/togetherwith+B等形式时，谓语动词由主语A确定Itwasheratherthanhisparentswho/thatistomakethedecision.Itistheywhowillattendthemedicalconference.ItwasherthatIsawinthestreetjustnow.Itwashimthatwemetattheschoolgate.3.人称照应:在强调句型中,若强调主语,代词用主格;若强调宾语,代词用宾格.4.问句形式:①一般疑问句:把it/was提前Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that+其他成分?Wasit

in1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout?IsitprofessorWangwhoteachesyouEnglish?②特殊疑问句:在一般疑问句前加上疑问词疑问词+is/was+it+that+……?Whowasitthatcalledthismorning?Whenisitthatwe’llholdameeting?※强调句与定语从句的区别※

删除法：即指把itis/was…that…这几个标志词去掉,在不添词、不减词的前提下,剩下的成分如仍然能组成一个完整的句子,这就是强调句,否则就不是:ItwasonOctober1,1949thatNewChinawasfounded.(强调结构)如在表示时间或地点的名词前缺少介词则应为定语从句ItwasOctober1,1949whenNewChinawasfounded.(定语从句)5.not…until句型的强调句Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其他成分.Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.

ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.※对谓语动词的强调※对一般现在时及一般过去时中的谓语动词用助动词do/does/did+动词原形进行强调）Docomethisevening.Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.Tomdoesstudyhardnow.句型转换：1.AbrahamLincolnwasbornonFeb.12,1809.—___________onFeb.12,1809______AbrahamLincolnwasborn.2.Whofirstcametoschooltoday?—___________it______firstcametoschooltoday?3.Hedidn’tgiveupuntilherealizedhewaswrong.—Itwas_________herealizedhewaswrong_____hegaveup.4.Hisbeinglatecausedhimtolosehisjob.—Itwas______________thatcausedhimtolosehisjob.5.LucyandLilyaretwins.—It_____LucyandLilywhoaretwins.ItwasthatWhowasthatnotuntilthathis

beinglateis6.Theteacherpraisedhimatthemeeting.—Itwas____thattheteacherpraisedatthemeeting.7.Becauseofthebigfire,thefactoryclosed.—Itwas_________thebigfire_____thefactoryclosed.8.Withgreatdifficultywefoundhishouse.—It______withgreatdifficulty______wefoundhishouse.9.HewenttotheGreatWallonNationalDay.—ItwasonNationalDay______hewenttotheGreatWall.10.Whenhearrivedhome,itbegantorain.—Itwaswhenhearrivedhome______itbegantorain.himbecauseofthatwasthatthatthatInversion

倒装Fullinversion:谓语+主语Partialinversion:助动词或情态动词+主语be,do,does,did,have,has,had↓Rule1here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,away,off等表示时间、地点或方向的单个副词＋谓语＋主语FullInversion1.Thebuscomeshere.Here_________________comesthebus.2.Thechildrenwentout.Out__________________wentthechildren.Hecameout.Out___________.hecameRule1Hereyouare.主语是人称代词则不倒装？Rule2表示地点状语的介词短语放在句首atthefootof,infrontof,onthetopof…＋不及物动词＋主语FullInversionSo/NeitherNor＋＋主谓So表也是，neither/nor表也不So/neither/nor位于句首构成部分倒装。1.Ilikemusic._________.(他也是)2.Hedidn’tsmoke,_____________________.(也不喝酒)Rule3SodoesheNor/neitherdidhedrinkRule4Only引导状语放在句首:Onlybydoing,Onlyatthattime,Onlyif,Onlythen,Onlywhen,…＋＋主语助动词主句中1.YoucanlearnEnglishwellonlyinthisway.Only

inthisway2.Herealizedhismistakeonlythen.Only

then3.Wefeltrelievedonlywhenshecameback.Only

whenshecamebackRule2Only引导状语提前构成部分倒装canyou

learnEnglishwell.didhe

realizehismistake.didwe

feelrelieved.Rule5Rule6Soadj./adv.Suchaadj.+n./adj.+pl.

＋＋主语助动词＋that从句ThisquestionissohardthatIcan’tanswerit.Sohard_____________thatIcan’tanswerit.Hehadsomanytroublesthathefeltnervous.Somanytroubles

__________thathefeltnervous.Itprovedsuchafinedaythatwewentoutside.Suchafineday

____________

thatwewentoutside.

Rule7So…that,such…that结构中的部分倒装isthequestiondidhe

have

diditprove1.否定副词:never/hardly/seldom/little…在句首

2.否定意义的介词短语:innocase/bynomeans/Innoway/onnocondition/undernocircumstances在句首

3.重要句型:notuntil…+助/情/be/+主语notonly+助/情/be/+主语+butalsoNosoonerhad+主语+donethanHardlyhad+主语+donewhenScarcelyhad+主语+donewhen…否定词位于句首，句子部分倒装Rule8学习虚拟条件句还要注意以下几点：一.（1）省略if

若虚拟条件句中有were,had,should时，可省略if而将were,had,should移到句首。如：

Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.

=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.

Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim

=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.

=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Ifitweretorain,thecropswouldbesaved.考题点击：____fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.

A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube2.________rightaway,youwouldarrivethereby5o’clockp.m.A.WouldyouleaveB.WillyouleaveC.WereyoutoleaveD.Ifyou’llleave3.Hadtheboyworkedharder,he___theexams.A.musthavepassedB.couldpassC.oughttopassD.wouldhavepassed（2）混合虚拟句

虚拟条件句与主句谓语动词发生的时间有时不一致，要注意主从句谓语形式。条件句主句

将来weretodowould/should/mightdoshoulddodid

现在didwould/should/mightdo

过去haddonewould/should/mighthavedone1.Ifyouhadfinishedwritingthebooklastmonth,itwouldbepublishednextmonth.2.Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtakenmyadvice.3.Ifyouhadmethimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.混合虚拟条件句:真题回顾：1.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI___inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall2.---Jenny,howwasyourtriptoBeijing?---Oh,Imissedit.IwishI____myvocationthere.A.amspendingB.willspendC.havespentD.hadspent3.---Robintoldmethathewouldleavetonight.---Whatapity!Mybrotherwishesthathe___withhimforachat.A.canstayB.willstayC.hadstayedD.wouldstay（3）含蓄虚拟条件句

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词来表示或通过上下文或其他方式表示如“butfor”，“without”及“butthat”“exceptfor”和“supposing”“otherwise'等表示含蓄的虚拟：

Butforyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.

Withoutthemoney,Iwouldnotbealivenow.

Supposingtherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped.Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.Shewouldleaveherhusbandexceptforchildren.如果没有孩子的话,她就会离开她的丈夫的考题点击：1.Whatakindteacher!Butforyourhelp,I____mystudy.A.wouldn’tfinishB.wouldn’thavefinishedC.shouldn’thavefinishedD.mustn’thavefinished2.Isupportedhimintime,otherwisehe____offthebike.A.mightfall B.wouldfallC.shouldhavefallenD.wouldhavefallen3.Withoutliberation，we________anewlife.A.wouldnotbeginB.wouldnothavebeenbegunC.hadnotbegunD.wouldnothavebegunifonly过去完成时一般过去时

对过去虚拟

对现在虚拟could+完成时（4）ifonly从句

ifonly要是...该多好啊;真希望...;只要...就好IfonlyMarxwerestillbymysidetoseethiswithhisowneyes.Ifonlyweallhavegotmorethan140inlastexam.3.Ifonlywecouldliveforeverwithoutdying.would/could/might+动词原形对将来虚拟比较ifonly与onlyif,onlyif表示“只有”；Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.考题点击：

1.Ifonlygrandmother____thistogetherwithusnow.A.willseeB.couldseeC.mustseeD.shouldsee2._____Chang’eIVhadbeensenttospaceearlier.A.IfonlyB.NowthatC.WiththehelpD.Inspiteofthat3.Ifonlyhe___quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie(lie躺，lay,lain)二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如:1)与现在事实相反:

wish+(that)+did(were)

IwishIwereasyoungasyou.IwishthatIhadavilla.2)与过去事实相反:

wish+(that)+haddoneIwishyouallhadhandedinyourhomeworkyesterday.3)与将来事实相反

:wish+would/could/might+doIwishweallwouldliveonthemoononeday.2.在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可省略。常见动词有:一个坚持：insist;两个命令：order,command;三条建议：suggest,advise,propose;四项要求：demand,request,require,desire(ask;urge)注意:suggest表“暗示,表明”时,

insist表“坚持认为”时不用虚拟语气。Heorderedthatthestudents(should)arriveatschoolontimeeveryday.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)takemedicineimmediately.真题回顾：Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.takes B.hastotakeC.musttake D.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold3.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking____inthelibrary.A.shouldallowB.beallowedC.willbeallowedD.isallowed三、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：

1.Itbe+过去分词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…过去分词：suggested,requested,ordered,proposed,demanded,arranged,desired,advisedItisrequiredthatnobody(should)usecellphonehere.

It’ssuggestedthateverybody(should)haveP.Eclass.2.Itbe+形容词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…形容词:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprising…Itisnecessarythatwe(should)haveawalkaftereachmeal.It'simportantthatwe(should)managetimeefficiently.Howstrangethatyoushouldnothaveheardit!Itisquitenaturalthatsheshouldsucceed.3.Itbe+名词（apity/ashame/nowonder）that…+(should)+动词原形+…Itseemssuchapitythatyoushouldhavetospendthedayindoor.Itisaburningshamethatlittlechildrenshouldhavetobeginthestreet.Itisnowonderthatsheshouldnotcareaboutyou.四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.

1)表语从句:2)同位语从句:Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.考题点击：Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.

A.try B.tries C.musttryD.cantry2.Hegaveanadvicethatthey____eachother.A.helpedB.musthelpC.helpD.hadhelped3.Mysuggestionisthatafewmorepeople___theretohelpme.A.besentB.havesentC.sentD.shouldsentasif/asthough过去完成时一般过去时Would/could/might+动词原形对过去虚拟对现在虚拟对将来虚拟Eg.Theytalkedasifthey_________（be）friendsforyears.Shetakescareoftheorphanasifhe_________(be)herownchild.Itlooksasifitmightrain.五、状语从句中的虚拟语气hadbeenwere考题点击：1.Wefeltasifwe_____eachotherforyears.A.knewB.wereknowingC.hadknownD.haveknown2.Itissowarmasifit_____autumn.A.beB.wasC.wereD.hadbeen几种特殊句式的虚拟语气:wouldrather+dosomething(宁愿做某事)wouldrather+句子(虚拟)过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时对过去虚拟对现在虚拟对将来虚拟Iwouldratheryou__________(post)theletterrightaway.Iwouldratheryou______________(return)thebookyesterday.Don’tcometomorrow.I’dratheryou____________(come)nextweekend.I’drathershehadn’tdonethat.postedhadreturnedcameItis(high,about,low)timethat一般过去时should+动词原形此处的should一般不省略注意:此句型与下面的句型的区别:Itistimeforsomebodytodosomething.Itisthefirsttimethat从句现在完成时Itwasthefirsttimethat从句过去完成时1.Itistimeforus______(have)dinner.2.Itis(about/high)timethatwe_____(have)dinner.3.Itisthefirstthathe______(go)there.4.Itwasthefirsttimethathe________(go)there.tohavehadhasgonehadgone即学即练：Wouldyoumind+if从句中谓语动词一般用一般过去时.WouldyoumindifI__________(open)thewindow?如果我打开窗户,你不反对吗?DoyoumindifI_______(smoke)here?我在这儿抽烟，你介意吗?注意:Woul