2024秋高中英语Unit4SharingSectionⅢGrammar-复习限制性定语从句学案含解析新人教版选修7

PAGEUnit4SharingSectionⅢGrammar——复习限制性定语从句[思维导图][语法精讲]一、概述一般来说，英语中用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般置于被修饰词之后，且有引导词引导。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。定语从句依据它与被修饰词之间的关系分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。Inmyopinion,notonlycanvolunteerworkhelpmeenrichmyknowledgeandexperience,butalsoitcanhelpthosewhoareinneed.(限制性定语从句)我认为，志愿者工作不仅能帮助我丰富我的学问和阅历，而且还能帮助那些有须要的人。Inaddition,Ihighlyrecommendthatyouvisitstudy.Chinese,whichoffersyoualotaboutChineseculture,songsandmoviesandsoon.(非限制性定语从句)此外，我极力举荐你访问study.Chinese网站，它能为你供应大量的中国文化、歌曲、电影等等。二、关系代词引导的定语从句1．分类、功能及句法作用关系代词先行词功能及句法作用who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语，宾语和表语Theotherday,Ihelpedanoldmanwho/thatlosthisway.前几天，我帮助了一位迷路的老人。Aprosperitywhich/thathasneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的旺盛。Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。Lucyisabeautifulandsmartgirl(who/whom)everyoneenvies.露西是个人人都艳羡的美丽、聪慧的女孩。Heissuchakindpersonaswealllike.他是个我们都喜爱的和善的人。[名师点津]关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。2．留意事项(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。Thenumberofthepeoplewho/thatcometovisitthecityeachyearrisesby15%.来这座城市巡游的人数每年增加15%。Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.任何违犯法律的人将被惩罚。[名师点津]当先行词为“oneof＋复数名词”时，从句的谓语用复数；当先行词为“theonlyoneof＋复数名词”时，从句的谓语用单数。Sheisoneofthestudentswhostudyhard.她是这些学习刻苦的学生中的一个。Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhostudieshard.她是这些学生中唯一一个学习刻苦的。(2)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，指人的关系代词who可以代替whom。关系代词指物时则可以用which或that。假如关系代词前有介词，则只能用whom或which。IshouldmakeanapologytothemanatwhomIyelledthismorning.我应当向那个今日早晨我向他大嚷大叫的人致歉。ItistheTVseriesaboutwhichwetalkedtheotherday.这就是我们前几天谈论的电视剧。(3)关系代词whose既可以指人也可以指物，它只能在定语从句用作定语。ItisaremotebordertownwhosenameIhaveforgotten.那是一个我忘了名字的偏远的边疆小镇。(4)“介词＋关系代词”类的定语从句，先行词指人时用whom；指物时用which。介词的确定主要取决于三个原则“一是与先行词的搭配；二是与从句中动词的搭配；三是上下文表达的须要”。Themanwhoyoutalkedwithjustnowisourmanager.＝Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowisourmanager.你刚才与他谈话的那个人就是我们的经理。Thenaughtyboymadeaholeinthewallthroughwhichhecouldseewhatwashappeningoutside.这个调皮的男孩在墙上挖了一个通过它他能看到外面发生的事情的洞。[名师点津]假如从句的谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语或固定搭配，则该介词不宜放在关系代词的前面。Thosearetherequirements(which/that)wecan'tputupwith.那些是我们不能忍受的条件。(5)关系代词宜用that而不用which的状况①当先行词是：all,any,anything,everything,nothing或被它们修饰时。Allthatglittersisnotgold.闪光的东西并非都是金子。InChina，parentsalwaysdoeverythingthattheycantosupporttheirchildren.在中国，父母总是尽他们所能来抚养孩子。②当先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级，以及被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是这家书店出售的最好玩的书之一。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。③当先行词含theonly;thevery;thesame;thelast等时。Thisistheonlydress(that)shehas.这是她仅有的一条裙子。④当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说的确很闻名。⑤以who,which开头的特别疑问句中有定语从句时。Whoisthegirlthatiswearingaredcoat?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？⑥关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。Myhometownisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.我的家乡不再是它以前的那个样子了。[名师点津]口诀巧记“关系代词宜用that而不用which的状况”：先行若是不定代，选用that不用猜；序词形副最高级；特词“仅有”和“同一”；有物有人作表语；that免重有道理。(6)as引导的限制性定语从句。as常与such,thesame,so等组成关联词组来引导限制性定语从句。Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetold.我从没听过他讲的那样的故事。[名师点津]such/thesame/so等与as或that组成关联词组引导从句时，假如as或that在从句中充当主语或宾语，那么as或that引导的从句就是定语从句，否则，它们引导的就是状语从句。Heissuchagoodboythateveryonelikeshim.他是那么好的一个男孩以至于人人都喜爱他。(状语从句)Heissuchagoodboyaseveryonelikes.(定语从句)他是那么好的人人都喜爱的一个男孩。三、关系副词引导的定语从句1．分类、功能及句法作用关系副词引导的限制性定语从句中，关系副词相当于“介词＋关系代词”。关系副词先行词功能及句法作用when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点状语why缘由名词缘由状语Thiswasthetimewhen/atwhichsheleftforBeijing.这就是她动身去北京的时间。Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwhere/atwhichhecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.治疗将会持续到病人能独立平安地行走为止。Idon'tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn'tcometothemeetingyesterdaymorning.我不知道他为什么没有参与昨天上午的会议。[名师点津]留意：关系副词when和where转换成“介词＋关系代词”时可依据先行词、从句的谓语及句意等来确定适当的介词。why只能用forwhich来替换。2．留意事项(1)当position,situation,stage,point,case等表示地点且作先行词时，定语从句用where；当occasion;point;stage等表示时间且作先行词时，其定语从句的关系词用when。Wehadreachedthepointwhentherewasnomoney.我们那时已到了没有一分钱的时刻。Thepatienthasreachedapointwheremedicinecan'thelp.病人已到了药物无法治疗的地步。(2)theway作先行词且后接定语从句时，若它在从句中作状语，则引导词用inwhich或that，此时，引导词可以省略。若它在从句中作主语或宾语时，则引导词用that或which，作宾语时，引导词也可以省略。Theway(that/inwhich)hetreatshischildrenisverygood.他对待孩子的方式特别好。Ⅰ.用适当关系词填空1．I'vemissedyoualot,thinkingaboutthosehappymomentswhenwestayedwithyou.2．Abuild­it­yourselfsolarstillisoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.3．Whensummervacationforusstudentscomeseveryyear,wecandoallthatwecan'tdoduringourschooltime.4．Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.5．Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimewhenheshouldbeabletobeindependent.6．We'llreachthesalestargetsinamonthwhich/thatwesetatthebeginningoftheyear.7．Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthosewhoseliveswereaffected.8．Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosewhoaregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.9．Duringmyschoolyears,ItookanactivepartinmanysocialactivitiesinwhichIperformedwellandgainedrichexperience.10．Heissuchalazypersonasnobodywantstoworkwith.Ⅱ.补全句子(留意运用定语从句)1．Wearegoingtomeetattheschoolgateat7amandcycletothenearbymountainwhere_we_can_go_hiking(我们可以去远足的)andenjoyapicnic.2．Ifthere_is_anything_that_I_can_help_you(有