2024-2025学年高中英语Unit12CultureShock单元语法二-现在分词学案含解析北师大版必修4

PAGEUnit12CultureShock单元语法(二)——现在分词[语法图解][语法感悟]单句语法填空1．Itisdifficulttoimaginehisaccepting(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.2．Thequestionbeing_discussed(discuss)isofgreatimportance.3．TheUShousepricehasrisenby12.4%overthe12monthstotheendofJuly,completelyruining(ruin)hisplantobuyanotherapartment.4．Notknowing(know)heraddress,Ican'twritetoher.5．Having_eaten(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn'twanttoeatthereagain.现在分词是分词的一种，属于非谓语动词，在句子中不能单独作谓语，但具有动词特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，能充当其他的一些成分(定语、表语、补语和状语)。一、现在分词的形式现在分词的时态和语态形式如下：Takingthepaththatleadsoutofthetown,youwillcometoadensewood.沿着通向郊外的路前进，你就会走到一片密林处。Havingfailedmanytimes,hedidn'tloseheart.虽然屡次失败，但他没有垂头丧气。Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。Havingbeenseriouslyinjuredintheaccident,hehadtobetakentothehospitalimmediately.在事故中受伤很严峻，他不得不被马上送往医院。[即学即用1]单句语法填空1．Theboystanding(stand)underthetreeismydeskmate.2．Thehousesbeing_built(build)nowarefortheteachers.3．Having_tried(try)twice,hegaveupopeningthedoor.4．Having_been_scolded(scold)byhismother,theboysobbedinthecorneroftheroom.5．Notknowing(know)hisaddress,Ican'tsendhimthisbook.二、现在分词的句法功能动词－ing形式除了在句中充当宾语(此时动词－ing形式为动名词)外，在句中还可作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。1．作定语单个的现在分词作定语时一般放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语作定语时一般放在被修饰词之后，且往往可以用定语从句代替。Heisapromisingyoungman.他是一个很有前途的青年。Iknowthemen(whoare)sittinginthatcar.我相识坐在那辆汽车里的那些人。Themeetingbeingheldisveryimportant.正在实行的会议很重要。现在分词和动名词作定语的区分：现在分词作定语表示所修饰的人或物的动作，而动名词则表示所修饰物的用途。现在分词动名词waitingcar等待着的汽车waitingroom候车室workingpeople劳动着的人民workingmethod工作方法sleepingchildren熟睡着的孩子sleepingcars卧铺车厢2.作表语现在分词作表语是用来表示主语的特性、状态、情感等，具有形容词的特征。Thesituationisencouraging.形势很令人鼓舞。Thetheorysoundsquiteconvincing.这理论听起来很有劝服力。现在分词和动名词作表语的区分：现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质和特征，主语和表语的位置不行互换。动名词作表语与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。Thematchwewatchedlastnightwasveryexciting.昨天晚上我们看的竞赛很激烈。Herhobbyiscollectingstamps.她的爱好是收集邮票。3．作宾语补足语现在分词通常作感官动词(watch,notice,see,hear,listento,find,feel,smell等)、表示状态的动词(keep,leave)或使役动词(get,have,make)的宾语补足语。此时，现在分词和宾语的关系是主谓关系或主动关系；从时间上讲，它表示正在进行的动作或动作的持续。IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedherroomyesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。Lastnighttheshopkeepercaughtachildstealingsomefoodintheshop.昨晚，店主抓到一个小孩在商店里偷东西。4．作状语现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语(句子的主语)之间为主谓关系，可以表示时间、缘由、结果、让步、条件、伴随、方式等，相当于一个状语从句。Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.听到这个消息，他们都兴奋地跳了起来。Beingwornout,shewenttobedearly.因为特别乏累，她早早睡了。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.尽管已被告知过很多次，他还是犯同样的错误。Workinghard,youwillsurelysucceed.假如学习努力，你肯定会胜利的。Theysatroundthetable,talkingandlaughing.他们围坐在桌旁，边谈边笑。[即学即用2]单句语法填空1．Theflowerssmelling(smell)sweetinthebotanicalgardenattractmanyvisitors.2．Theymadeagreatefforttopreparetheexhibition,hoping(hope)toachieveabigsuccess.3．Don'tleavethewaterrunning(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.4．WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,telling(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.5．Thetrainstanding(stand)atplatform3isforLondon.三、现在分词的独立主格结构作状语假如作状语的现在分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一样，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，形成独立主格结构。独立主格结构由两部分组成，一部分是名词或代词，起着逻辑主语的作用；一部分除现在分词外，还包括形容词、副词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语等，表示其逻辑主语(名词或代词)的动作、状态或状况。另外，多数独立主格结构还可以用with复合结构来表示。Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.因为没有公交车了，我们不得不步行回家。Allaudiencehavingtakentheirseats,theplaybegan.全部观众就座之后，戏剧起先。四、现在分词独立成分作状语含有现在分词的独立成分，如generallyspeaking,judgingfrom/by,considering,supposing,takingsth.intoconsideration等，其形式不受上下文的影响，也不须要考虑其逻辑主语同句子主语是否一样的问题。Generallyspeaking,boysaremoreinterestedinsuchgamesthangirls.一般来说，男孩比女孩更喜爱这样的嬉戏。Judgingfromhisexpression,hewassatisfiedwithourperformance.从他的表情来看，他对我们的演出感到满足。[即学即用3]单句语法填空1．Weatherpermitting(permit),we'llhaveapicnicnextSunday.2．Thelecturehaving_been_given(give),alivelyquestion－and－answersessionfollowed.3．Thebookbeing_written(write)insimpleEnglish,thestudentsfounditeasyorread.4．Taking(take)allthingsintoconsideration,theirmarriageisahappyone.5．Generallyspeaking(speak),thegirlisaconfidentstudent.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．LastSunday,mycousinsentmeane－mailinviting(invite)metohisbirthdayparty.2．Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketcovering(cover)thedesert.3．Helookedaroundandcaughtamanputting(put)hishandintothepocketofapassenger.4．Thegirllookedatmewithapuzzledexpression.Maybetheproblemwasquitepuzzling.(puzzle)5．Asanewdriver,Ihavetopractiseparking(park)thecarinmysmallgarageagainandagain.6．Istillrememberbeing_taken(take)totheFamen7．Wewalkedasfaraswecould,hoping(hope)tocatchtheearlybus.8．Having_failed(fail)toreachthemonthephone,wesentane－mailinstead.9．Hewasbusywritingastory,onlystopping(stop)onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.10．Itbeing(be)afinedayyesterday,wewentoutforawalk.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Ican'tstandworking_withMaryinthesameoffice.Shejustrefusestostoptalkingwhilesheworks.我受不了和玛丽在同一个办公室工作，工作时她还不停地讲话。2．Wehurriedlyendedourmeeting,leaving_many_problems_unsettled.我们匆忙忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题未解决。3．Ifyouarecaught_cheatinginexams,yourparentswillbecalledtos