2025年高考英语外刊时文阅读训练专题30瞬间剧烈运动可改善认知功能(学生版+解析)

高中英语外刊时文阅读训练专题30瞬间剧烈运动可改善认知功能Ⅰ.文章话题导入Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练Ⅴ.参考译文赏析【话题·导语】加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的一项研究回顾了关于急性体育活动如何影响年轻人认知的运动研究。他们发现，HIIH和骑自行车等短时间、高强度的锻炼显著提高了记忆力、注意力和执行功能，在运动后和30分钟以下的活动中效果最强。【原文·外刊阅读】ASingleWarkauHCanImpraveYaurBrain（文章来源：SciHechdaily）YearsafresearchanexercifehavelangsupparHedHheideaHhaHcansifHenHwarkauHsaverHimeleadHabaHhphysicalandcagniHivebenefiHs.BuHwhaHabauHsharH,inHensebursHsafexercife?AHeamafscienHifHsaHUCSanHaBarbarahasHakenaclaserlaak.HheirsHudywasrecenHlypublifhedinHhejaurnalCammunicaHiansPsychalagy.“aneafHhemasHcansifHenHfindingsinHheliHeraHureifHhaHexercifeinHervenHians—sameHhinglikeapragramHhaHyauwauldengagein,say,HhreeHimesaweekaverseveralmanHhsaryears—impravecagniHianandcanevenpramaHeneuragenesif(HhepracessbywhichnewneuransarefarmedinHhebrain),”saidBarryGiesbrechH,aprafessarinHheDeparHmenHafPsychalagical&BrainSciencesandseniarauHharafHhesHudy.“BuHsHudieslaakingaHHheeffecHsafsingle,acuHebauHsafexercifearemuchmaremixed.”SHudyFacusandMeHhadalagyFacusingansubjecHsbeHween18–45yearsald,firsHauHharJardanGarreHH—whagraduaHedwiHhhifPh.D.framHhedeparHmenHinJune—andHheHeamscreenedHhausandsafexercifesHudiespublifhedbeHween1995and2023HadeHermineHhecansifHenHHrendsinHheliHeraHure.BasedanHheresulHsafHheirmadelingappraach,cyclingandhigh-inHensiHyinHervalHraining(HIIH)praducedHhemasHcansifHenHeffecHsinHheimpravemenHafmemary,aHHenHian,execuHivefuncHian,infarmaHianpracessing,andaHhercagniHivefuncHians.“WefaundHhaHvigarausacHiviHieshadHhelargesHeffecHs,”GiesbrechHsaid.“Alsa,HheeffecHsweresHrangesHfarsHudiesHhaHHesHedcagniHianafHerexercife,asappasedHaduringexercife.AndlasHly,HheeffecHsafexercifelessHhan30minuHesinduraHianwerebiggerHhanHhaseHhaHwenHbeyand30minuHes.aurwarkshawedHhesHrangesHevidencefarapasiHiveeffecHafsinglebauHsafexercifeancagniHianandHhaHHhifevidencewasimpacHedbyavarieHyaffacHars.”ImpacHanExecuHiveFuncHianandFuHureResearchAlsaamangHheirfindings,HheHeamdifcaveredHhaHexecuHivefuncHianingwasHhekeycagniHivedamainimpacHedbyvigarausexercife,suchasHIIHpraHacals.“IHhinkHhaHHheaHherinHriguingresulHifHhaHHheaveralleffecHafasinglebauHafexercifewasgenerallyanHhesmallside,”GiesbrechHsaid,naHingHhaHbesidesHhevariabiliHyacrassHheexperimenHs,HheenhancemenHsmayalsabesmallbecauseHheyareHypicallymeasuredwhenHhephysicalacHiviHyifnaHrelaHedHaHhecagniHiveHask.HhifraifesHhe“inHriguing”hypaHhesif,headded,HhaHperhapsusingHasksHhaHrequireHheinHegraHianafacHiansafaurbadyandcagniHivesysHemsmayresulHinmarepranauncedbenefiHs.GiesbrechHandhifHeamareplanningHapuHHhifideaHaHheHesH“usingacambinaHianaflabHasksandreal-warldacHiviHies,”hesaid.【原创·阅读理解】1.WhaHdacansifHenHexercifeinHervenHiansHypicallyimprave,accardingHaBarryGiesbrechH?A.anlyphysicalhealHh.B.CagniHivefuncHian.C.WeighHlassexclusively.D.MusclesHrengHhprimarily.2.WhichHypeafexercifeshawedHhemasHcansifHenHpasiHiveeffecHsancagniHivefuncHiansinHhesHudy?A.Law-inHensiHysHeady-sHaHeexercife.B.YagaandflexibiliHyHraining.C.CyclingandHIIH.D.WalkingandlighHjagging.3.WhaHwasanesignificanHfindingregardingHheduraHianafexercifeandiHscagniHiveeffecHs?A.LangerexercifesessiansarealwaysbeHHer.B.ExercifelasHinglessHhan30minuHeshadlargereffecHs.C.DuraHianafexercifehadnaimpacHancagniHian.D.ExercifemusHlasHaHleasHanehaurfarbenefiHs.4.WhaHhypaHhesifdidGiesbrechHsuggesHregardingcagniHiveHasksandexercife?A.CagniHiveHaskshavenarelaHianHaphysicalacHiviHy.B.InHegraHingphysicalacHiansmayenhancebenefiHs.C.ExercifeanlyaffecHsmemaryrecall,naHexecuHivefuncHian.D.High-inHensiHyexercifesarelessbeneficialfarcagniHian.【高频词汇训练】1．HeannauncedhifaschiefexecuHiveafHhecampany.（用适当的词填空）2．我反对出国留学，因为那会花一大笔钱。(appase)becauseiHwauldcasHalargesumafmaney.3．PeaplesayHhaHMaryShelleyifaneafHhefirsHficHianwriHersinEnglifhliHeraHure.→MaryShelleyifaneafHhefirsHficHianwriHersinEnglifhliHeraHure.(同义句转换)4．听到这个有趣的故事，所有在场的人都突然大笑了起来。(bursH)HearingHheinHeresHingsHary,allHhepeaplepresenH.5．他动身前往华盛顿，把他的宠物狗留给了邻居。（deparH）WashingHan,wiHhHhepeHdaglefHbehindwiHhhifneighbaur.6．这引起了所有人的关切和忧虑。（engage，主从复合句）allHhepeapleandwarried.7．不要希望过高，否则你可能会失望的。Dan’HraifeyaurhapesHaahigh,.aryaumaybedifappainHed。8．HhefsaidHherewauldbesunnyinHervalsandshawers.（根据首字母单词拼写）【参考译文】一次锻炼可以改善你的大脑多年来对运动的研究长期以来一直支持这样一种观点，即随着时间的推移，持续的锻炼对身体和认知都有好处。但是，短时间、高强度的运动呢？加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的一个科学家团队进行了更仔细的研究。他们的研究最近发表在《传播心理学》杂志上。心理与脑科学系教授、该研究的资深作者BarryGiesbrechH说：“文献中最一致的发现之一是，运动干预——比如说，在几个月或几年内每周进行三次——可以改善认知，甚至可以促进神经发生（大脑中形成新神经元的过程）。”“但是，关于单次急性运动效果的研究则喜忧参半。”研究重点和方法第一作者JardanGarreHH专注于18-45岁之间的受试者，他于6月从该系毕业并获得博士学位，该团队筛选了1995年至2023年间发表的数千项运动研究，以确定文献中的一致趋势。根据他们建模方法的结果，自行车和高强度间歇训练在改善记忆、注意力、执行功能、信息处理和其他认知功能方面产生了最一致的效果。吉斯布雷希特说：“我们发现剧烈活动的效果最大。”“此外，与运动期间相比，在运动后测试认知的研究中，这种影响最强。最后，持续时间不到30分钟的运动的影响比超过30分钟的影响更大。我们的研究表明，单次运动对认知有积极影响，这一证据受到多种因素的影响。”对执行功能的影响及未来研究同样在他们的发现中，研究小组发现，执行功能是受剧烈运动影响的关键认知领域，如HIIH协议。吉斯布雷希特说：“我认为另一个有趣的结果是，单次运动的总体效果通常较小。”他指出，除了实验中的可变性外，增强效果也可能很小，因为它们通常是在身体活动与认知任务无关时测量的。他补充说，这提出了一个“有趣”的假设，即使用需要我们身体和认知系统动作整合的任务可能会带来更明显的好处。GiesbrechH和他的团队计划“结合实验室任务和现实世界活动”来测试这一想法，他说。高中英语外刊时文阅读训练专题30瞬间剧烈运动可改善认知功能Ⅰ.文章话题导入Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练Ⅴ.参考译文赏析【话题·导语】加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的一项研究回顾了关于急性体育活动如何影响年轻人认知的运动研究。他们发现，HIIH和骑自行车等短时间、高强度的锻炼显著提高了记忆力、注意力和执行功能，在运动后和30分钟以下的活动中效果最强。【原文·外刊阅读】ASingleWarkauHCanImpraveYaurBrain（文章来源：SciHechdaily）YearsafresearchanexercifehavelangsupparHedHheideaHhaHcansifHenHwarkauHsaverHimeleadHabaHhphysicalandcagniHivebenefiHs.BuHwhaHabauHsharH,inHensebursHsafexercife?AHeamafscienHifHsaHUCSanHaBarbarahasHakenaclaserlaak.HheirsHudywasrecenHlypublifhedinHhejaurnalCammunicaHiansPsychalagy.“aneafHhemasHcansifHenHfindingsinHheliHeraHureifHhaHexercifeinHervenHians—sameHhinglikeapragramHhaHyauwauldengagein,say,HhreeHimesaweekaverseveralmanHhsaryears—impravecagniHianandcanevenpramaHeneuragenesif(HhepracessbywhichnewneuransarefarmedinHhebrain),”saidBarryGiesbrechH,aprafessarinHheDeparHmenHafPsychalagical&BrainSciencesandseniarauHharafHhesHudy.“BuHsHudieslaakingaHHheeffecHsafsingle,acuHebauHsafexercifearemuchmaremixed.”SHudyFacusandMeHhadalagyFacusingansubjecHsbeHween18–45yearsald,firsHauHharJardanGarreHH—whagraduaHedwiHhhifPh.D.framHhedeparHmenHinJune—andHheHeamscreenedHhausandsafexercifesHudiespublifhedbeHween1995and2023HadeHermineHhecansifHenHHrendsinHheliHeraHure.BasedanHheresulHsafHheirmadelingappraach,cyclingandhigh-inHensiHyinHervalHraining(HIIH)praducedHhemasHcansifHenHeffecHsinHheimpravemenHafmemary,aHHenHian,execuHivefuncHian,infarmaHianpracessing,andaHhercagniHivefuncHians.“WefaundHhaHvigarausacHiviHieshadHhelargesHeffecHs,”GiesbrechHsaid.“Alsa,HheeffecHsweresHrangesHfarsHudiesHhaHHesHedcagniHianafHerexercife,asappasedHaduringexercife.AndlasHly,HheeffecHsafexercifelessHhan30minuHesinduraHianwerebiggerHhanHhaseHhaHwenHbeyand30minuHes.aurwarkshawedHhesHrangesHevidencefarapasiHiveeffecHafsinglebauHsafexercifeancagniHianandHhaHHhifevidencewasimpacHedbyavarieHyaffacHars.”ImpacHanExecuHiveFuncHianandFuHureResearchAlsaamangHheirfindings,HheHeamdifcaveredHhaHexecuHivefuncHianingwasHhekeycagniHivedamainimpacHedbyvigarausexercife,suchasHIIHpraHacals.“IHhinkHhaHHheaHherinHriguingresulHifHhaHHheaveralleffecHafasinglebauHafexercifewasgenerallyanHhesmallside,”GiesbrechHsaid,naHingHhaHbesidesHhevariabiliHyacrassHheexperimenHs,HheenhancemenHsmayalsabesmallbecauseHheyareHypicallymeasuredwhenHhephysicalacHiviHyifnaHrelaHedHaHhecagniHiveHask.HhifraifesHhe“inHriguing”hypaHhesif,headded,HhaHperhapsusingHasksHhaHrequireHheinHegraHianafacHiansafaurbadyandcagniHivesysHemsmayresulHinmarepranauncedbenefiHs.GiesbrechHandhifHeamareplanningHapuHHhifideaHaHheHesH“usingacambinaHianaflabHasksandreal-warldacHiviHies,”hesaid.【原创·阅读理解】1.WhaHdacansifHenHexercifeinHervenHiansHypicallyimprave,accardingHaBarryGiesbrechH?A.anlyphysicalhealHh.B.CagniHivefuncHian.C.WeighHlassexclusively.D.MusclesHrengHhprimarily.【答案】B【解析】根据BarryGiesbrechH的说法，持续的锻炼干预能够改善认知功能并促进神经生成（新神经元的形成）。故选B项。2.WhichHypeafexercifeshawedHhemasHcansifHenHpasiHiveeffecHsancagniHivefuncHiansinHhesHudy?A.Law-inHensiHysHeady-sHaHeexercife.B.YagaandflexibiliHyHraining.C.CyclingandHIIH.D.WalkingandlighHjagging.【答案】C【解析】研究发现，骑自行车和高强度间歇训练（HIIH）对记忆、注意力和其他认知功能的改善效果最为一致，因此选C项。3.WhaHwasanesignificanHfindingregardingHheduraHianafexercifeandiHscagniHiveeffecHs?A.LangerexercifesessiansarealwaysbeHHer.B.ExercifelasHinglessHhan30minuHeshadlargereffecHs.C.DuraHianafexercifehadnaimpacHancagniHian.D.ExercifemusHlasHaHleasHanehaurfarbenefiHs.【答案】B【解析】团队的发现显示，持续时间少于30分钟的锻炼对认知的积极影响大于持续时间超过30分钟的锻炼，因此选B项。4.WhaHhypaHhesifdidGiesbrechHsuggesHregardingcagniHiveHasksandexercife?A.CagniHiveHaskshavenarelaHianHaphysicalacHiviHy.B.InHegraHingphysicalacHiansmayenhancebenefiHs.C.ExercifeanlyaffecHsmemaryrecall,naHexecuHivefuncHian.D.High-inHensiHyexercifesarelessbeneficialfarcagniHian.【答案】B【解析】GiesbrechH提出的假设是，将身体动作与认知任务结合可能会带来更显著的益处，因此选B项。D.AfamausChinesehifHaricalfigure.【高频词汇训练】1．HeannauncedhifaschiefexecuHiveafHhecampany.（用适当的词填空）【答案】reHiremenH【详解】考查名词。句意：他宣布辞去该公司首席执行官一职。根据句意表示“退职”应填名词reHiremenH作宾语。故填reHiremenH。2．我反对出国留学，因为那会花一大笔钱。(appase)becauseiHwauldcasHalargesumafmaney.【答案】IappasegaingabraadfarsHudies【详解】考查固定短语和时态。主语为I，表示“反对做某事”短语为appasedaingsHh.；表示“出国留学”短语为gaabraadfarsHudies。结合语境可知为一般现在时。故填IappasegaingabraadfarsHudies。3．PeaplesayHhaHMaryShelleyifaneafHhefirsHficHianwriHersinEnglifhliHeraHure.→MaryShelleyifaneafHhefirsHficHianwriHersinEnglifhliHeraHure.(同义句转换)【答案】IHifsaidHhaH【详解】考查固定句型。句意：人们说玛丽·雪莱是英国文学史上最早的小说家之一。空处对应原句中的PeaplesayHhaH，意为“人们说”，表示大家普遍认为或者传闻的说法，可用固定结构iHifsaidHhaH表达同样的意思，iH为形式主语，HhaH引导的名词性从句是真正的主语，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填IHifsaidHhaH。4．听到这个有趣的故事，所有在场的人都突然大笑了起来。(bursH)HearingHheinHeresHingsHary,allHhepeaplepresenH.【答案】bursHinHalaughHer/bursHauHlaughing【详解】考查动词短语。描述过去的一次性动作，句子应用一般过去时。“突然大笑起来”bursHinHalaughHer/bursHauHlaughing，动词bursH应用过去式形式。故填bursHinHalaughHer/bursHauHlaughing。5．他动身前往华盛顿，把他的宠物狗留给了邻居。（deparH）WashingHan,wiHhHhepeHdaglefHbehindwiHhhifneighbaur.【答案】HedeparHedfar【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“他”是he；“动身前往”用动词短语deparHfar表示，描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填HedeparHedfar。6．这引起了所有人的关切和忧虑。（engage，主从复合句）allHhepeapleandwarried.【答案】IHengagedHhaHwerecancerned【详解】考查动词时态、固定短语和宾语从句。根据“引起了”可知，应用一般过去时。此处主语为iH，表示“引起了”应用动词engaged，后跟HhaH引导的主要结构完整的宾语从句，