《水处理技术（双语）》课件-污水处理用阀门概述

Overviewofvalvesforwastewatertreatment污水处理用阀门概述阀门是管道的附件，用来控制流体流量、压力、流向。被控制的流体可以是液体、气体、气液混合体或固液混合体。Valvesareaccessoriesforpipelinestocontrolfluidflow,pressure,anddirectionofflow.Thefluidtobecontrolledcanbealiquid,gas,gas-liquidmixtureorsolid-liquidmixture.阀门的基本参数Basicparametersofthevalve对于配备于管道上的各类阀门，常用公称压力和公称通径作为基本参数Forthevarioustypesofvalvesequippedonthepipeline,nominalpressureandnominaldiameterarecommonlyusedasthebasicparameters.

阀门的基本参数包括工作压力（PN）、工作温度（T）和公称通径（DN）。

Thebasicparametersofthevalveincludeworkingpressure(PN),workingtemperature(T)andnominaldiameter(DN).阀门的基本参数Basicparametersofthevalve公称通径是指阀体与管道连接端部的名义内径，同一公称直径的阀门与管路以及管路附件均能相互连接，具有互换性。

Nominaldiameterreferstothenominalinnerdiameterofthevalvebodyandpipelineconnectionend,thesamenominaldiameterofthevalveandpipelineandpipelineaccessoriescanbeinterconnected,withinterchangeability.公称压力是指某种材料的阀门在规定的温度下，所允许承受的最大工作压力。

Nominalpressureisthemaximumworkingpressurethatavalveofacertainmaterialisallowedtowithstandataspecifiedtemperature.阀门分类Valveclassification

按阀门的作用不同，可分为：截断阀、止回阀、安全阀、调节阀、分流阀。Accordingtothedifferentrolesofvalves,theycanbedividedinto:cut-offvalves,checkvalves,safetyvalves,regulatingvalves,divertervalves.（1）截断阀：又称闭路阀，其作用是接通或截断管路中的介质。Cut-offvalve:alsoknownasclosedcircuitvalve,itsroleistoconnectorcutoffthemediuminthepipeline.（2）止回阀：又称单向阀或逆止阀，其作用是防止管路中介质倒流。Checkvalve:alsoknownasone-wayvalveorcheckvalve,itsroleistopreventthebackflowofmediainthepipeline.（3）安全阀：其作用是防止管路或装置中介质压力超过规定数值，以保护后续设备的安全运行。Safetyvalve:Itsfunctionistopreventthemediumpressureinthepipelineordevicefromexceedingthespecifiedvalueinordertoprotectthesafeoperationofsubsequentequipment.图为安全阀Safetyvalves图为止回阀Checkvalves图为截断阀Cut-offvalves图为调节阀Regulatingvalves图为分流阀Divertervalve（4）调节阀：其作用是调节介质压力、流量等参数，调节阀有不同的分类方法。按用途和作用可分为：主要用于关闭或接通介质的两位阀和主要用于调节系统的调节阀以及切断阀。Controlvalve:itsroleistoadjustthemediumpressure,flowandotherparameters,controlvalveshavedifferentclassificationmethods.Accordingtotheuseandrolecanbedividedinto:twovalvesmainlyusedtocloseorconnectthemediumandmainlyusedtoregulatethesystemofregulatingvalvesandcut-offvalves.（5）分流阀：包括各种分配阀和疏水阀，其作用是分配、分离或混合管路中的介质。

Divertervalves:Theseincludeavarietyofdistributionvalvesandtrapsthatservetodistribute,separate,ormixthemediainthepipeline.阀门分类Valveclassification按阀门驱动方式分为：自动阀、动力驱动阀、手动阀。Accordingtothevalvedrivemode:automaticvalve,power-drivenvalve,manualvalve.（1）自动阀：指不需外力驱动，而是依靠介质自身的能量来使阀门动作的阀门。Automaticvalve:referstothevalvethatdoesnotrequireexternaldrive,butreliesonthemedium'sownenergytomakethevalveact.（2）动力驱动阀：可以利用各种动力源进行驱动。Power-drivenvalves:canbedrivenusingvariouspowersources.（3）手动阀：手动阀借助手轮、手柄、杠杆等部件，由人力来操纵阀门动作。Manualvalves:Manualvalvesareoperatedbyhumanpowerwiththehelpofhandwheels,handles,leversandothercomponentstomanipulatethevalveaction.图为自动阀Automaticvalves图为动力驱动阀Power-drivenvalves图为手动阀Manualvalves阀门分类Valveclassification按连接方法可分为：螺纹连接阀门、法兰连接阀门、焊接连接阀门、卡箍连接阀门、卡套连接阀门、对夹连接阀门。Accordingtotheconnectionmethodcanbedividedinto:threadconnectionvalve,flangeconnectionvalve,weldingconnectionvalve,clampconnectionvalve,ferruleconnectionvalve,buttconnectionvalve.图为螺纹连接阀门Threadedconnectionvalves图为法兰连接阀门Flangeconnectionvalves图为卡箍连接阀门Clampconnectionvalve图为卡套连接阀门Tubeconnectionvalves图为对夹连接阀门Clampconnectionvalves阀门分类Valveclassification

按阀体材料可分为：金属材料阀门、非金属材料阀门、金属阀体衬里阀门。Accordingtothevalvebodymaterialcanbedividedinto.Metalmaterialvalves,non-metalmaterialvalves,metalbodylinedvalves.（1）金属材料阀门：阀体等零件由金属材料制成，如铸铁阀、碳钢阀、合金钢阀等。Metalmaterialvalves:valvebodyandotherpartsmadeofmetalmaterials,suchascastironvalves,carbonsteelvalves,alloysteelvalves,etc.（2）非金属材料阀门：阀体等零件由非金属材料制成，如塑料阀、陶阀、玻璃钢阀等。Non-metalmaterialvalves:valvebodyandotherpartsmadeofnon-metalmaterials,suchasplasticvalves,ceramicvalves,glasssteelvalves,etc.（3）金属阀体衬里阀门：阀体外形为金属，内部凡与介质接触的主要表面均为衬里，如衬胶阀、衬塑料阀。Metalbodylinedvalve:thevalvebodyshapeismetal,wherethemaininternalsurfacesincontactwiththemediaarelined,suchasrubber-linedvalves,plastic-linedvalves图为非金属材料阀门Non-metallicmaterialvalves图为金属材料阀门Metalmaterialvalves图为金属阀体衬里阀门Metalbodylinedvalves阀门分类Valveclassification污水处理用阀门Valvesforwastewatertreatment污水处理管道上主要使用的是通用阀门，一般公称压力在2.5MPa以下Mainlyusedonthesewagetreatmentpipelineisageneral-purposevalve,thegeneralnominalpressure