专题16 中国进入老龄化社会-备战2023年中考英语阅读理解时文爆点专题训练（解析版）

专题16中国进入老龄化社会备战2022-2023年中考英语阅读理解时文爆点专题训练A（2022·四川泸州·统考二模）What’sitliketobe75?Irecentlytookpartinanexperiment—Ann,anexpertonageing（老龄化）,turnedmefromaboytoanoldman.Annstartedwithmyeyes.Sheaskedmetowearapairofglasseswhichonlyallowedmetoseethingsstraightaheadofme.Shethenaddedheavystraps（带子）aroundmyarmsandlegs.Thiswastomakemebothweakerandslower.Wearingtwopairsofplasticgloveshelpedmetoexperiencethepoorsenseoftouchthatcomeswithage.Finally,shegavemeapairofthatmademeunabletohearveryclearly.Startingtofeelmynewage,wesetoutforashoppingcenter.Iwantedtobuyasweaterformy78-year-oldgrandfather.Itwasscarytostepout.Theglassesmadeeverythingseemsobright.Withmypoorhearing,theworldseemedunsafe.Icouldunderstandwhymanyoldpeopleprefertostayintheirhomes.Goingonpublictransportwasterrible.Iwaspushedbyyoungpeopleinahurry.Evenfindingtherightmoneyfortheticketwasaproblem.Ifeltquiteembarrassed.Whenwefinallyreachedtheshoppingcenter,Annguidedmetoashopsellingmen’sclothes.Itwasnoisy,andIchoseabrownsweater.“Canwestopforacupofcoffee?”IaskedAnn.SuddenlyIrealizedthatwaswhatmygrandfathersaidwheneverwewentshopping.Annagreed,andsittingdownhelpedmerelaxalittle.Itookoffmyglasses,myglovesandtookoutmyearplugs.ItalkedwithAnn.Shetoldmeshehaddonethisexperimentmanytimes.Shehopedtomakepeopleunderstandhowhardlifeisfortheold,andbemorepatientwiththem.Itwasameaningfulexperienceforme.1．Whatdoestheunderlineword“earplugs”inparagraph2probablymeaninChinese?A．耳环 B．耳洞 C．耳塞 D．耳廓2．Thewriterwenttoashoppingcenterto________.A．havelunch B．seehisfriend C．buyasweater D．buysomecoffee3．Whydidthewriter’sgrandfatheralwaysasktostopforcoffeewhileshopping?A．Becausehehatedshopping. B．Becausehewantedtotakearest.C．Becausehefeltsleepyandthirsty. D．Becausehelovedcoffeeverymuch.4．Whichofthefollowingwordsmightthewriterusetodescribehisexperienceasanoldman?A．Difficult. B．Interesting. C．Relaxing. D．Unfair.5．Thewriterwrotethepassageto________.A．showhowboringlifeisfortheold B．introduceaninterestingexperimentC．askreaderstocaremoreabouttheold D．encouragereaderstotrydifferentthings【答案】1．C

2．C

3．B

4．A

5．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。短文主要讲述了作者体验了一次老年人的生活，希望让人们了解老年人的生活是多么艰难，并对他们更加耐心。1．词义猜测题。根据下文“Finally,shegavemeapairofthatmademeunabletohearveryclearly.”可猜测出，Ann给了我一副让我听不清事物的东西。所以下划线单词“earplugs”的意思是：耳塞。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据下文“Iwantedtobuyasweaterformy78-year-oldgrandfather.”可知，作者去了一家购物中心想给78岁的祖父买毛衣。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据下文“Annagreed,andsittingdownhelpedmerelaxalittle.”可知，作者要求买杯咖啡的原因是想坐下来放松一点。所以作者意识到，他的祖父购物时总是要求停下来喝咖啡也是因为他想休息一下。故选B。4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Shehopedtomakepeopleunderstandhowhardlifeisfortheold…”可知，Ann做这个实验是希望让人们了解老年人的生活是多么艰难。由此可推断，作者可以用“困难”来描述他作为一个老人的经历。故选A。5．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Shehopedtomakepeopleunderstandhowhardlifeisfortheold,andbemorepatientwiththem.”可知，Ann做这个实验是希望让人们了解老年人的生活是多么艰难，并对他们更加耐心。可推理出，作者写这篇文章是为了让读者更多地关心老人。故选C。B（2022·辽宁阜新·二模）Areyoutheonlychildinyourfamily?Haveyouheardof“thetwo-childpolicy”?Everyoneknowstheone-childpolicy.Itisapopulationcontrolmethod.Chinesegovernmentaimedtocontroltheincreasingpopulationatthattime.ManyChinesecouplesunderstoodthatandfollowedthispolicyfornearly40years.Everyoneshouldberesponsibleforourcountry.However,astimegoesby,someproblemsappearinoursociety.Atpresent,theseproblemsaremainlyabout:Thenumberofworkerschangedfromabout960millionin2010to940millionin2012.Thenumberchangedto930millionin2014andwillpossiblyfallby29millionby2020.Chinaisnowgettingintoanaging(老龄化)society.Therewillbemoreoldpeopleinthefollowingyears.Butthesocietywillbeshortofdoctorsandnursestotakecareofthem.ThepopulationofChinawillbecomesmallerandsmalleriftheone-childpolicycontinues.It’sthebasicreasonthatleadstothetwoproblemsabove.That’swhyChinesegovernmentbeganthetwo-childpolicyonJanuary1st,2016.Itallowseachfamilytohavetwochildren.Thegovernmentexpectsitcanhelpsolvethosesocialproblemsgradually.Thispolicywillhelpofferenoughworkersinthefutureandpreventourcountryfromenteringtheagingsociety.Itisreportedthattherewillbearound2.5millionnewly-bornbabieseachyear.6．Fromthepassage,weknowthat____________________.A．ourgovernmentisfacing3mainproblemsB．theone-childpolicystartedonJanuary1st,2016C．ourworkingpopulationincreasedalotfrom2010to2014D．thetwo-childpolicywon’tworkatall7．Theunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2means________.A．thefamily B．theincreasingpopulationC．theone-childpolicy D．thetwo-childpolicy8．Thenumberofworkerswas____________in2014.A．960million B．940million C．29million D．930million9．Youmayreadthispassagein________partinamagazine.A．TravellingandTransportation B．SocietyandHistoryC．FoodandHealth D．ScienceandArt【答案】6．A

7．C

8．D

9．B【分析】本文主要内容：过去，由于人口增长过快，中国实行计划生育政策以控制人口数目。但是现在，中国面临工人数目减少以及人口老龄化等严峻问题，因此，中国政府开始推行二胎政策。6．推理判断题。A.ourgovernmentisfacing3mainproblems.我国政府正面临着三大问题；B.theone-childpolicystartedonJanuary1st,2016.计划生育政策从2016年1月1日开始推行；C.ourworkingpopulationincreasedalotfrom2010to2014.从2010年到2014年，我国的工人数增长了很多。D.thetwo-childpolicywon’tworkatall.二胎政策完全没起作用。根据第二段ManyChinesecouplesunderstoodthatandfollowedthispolicyfornearly40years.可知，故B选项错误；根据Thenumberofworkerschangedfromabout960millionin2010to940millionin2012.Thenumberchangedto930millionin2014andwillpossiblyfallby29millionby2020.可知，工人数减少，故C选项错误；根据最后一段Thispolicywillhelpofferenoughworkersinthefutureandpreventourcountryfromenteringtheagingsociety.可知，二胎政策有作用，故D选项错误；根据第三段最后一句theseproblemsaremainlyabout：Thenumberofworkerschangedfromabout960millionin2010to940millionin2012.Chinaisnowgettingintoanaging(老龄化)society.ThepopulationofChinawillbecomesmallerandsmalleriftheone-childpolicycontinues.列出的三个问题可知，当前政府正面对三个主要的问题。故应选A。7．词义猜测题。A.thefamily家庭；B.theincreasingpopulation人口增长；C.theone-childpolicy计划生育政策；D.thetwo-childpolicy二胎政策。根据上下文：Everyoneknowstheone-childpolicy.Itisapopulationcontrolmethod.ManyChinesecouplesunderstoodthatandfollowedthispolicyfornearly40years.可知这一段是在介绍这个计划生育政策，以及人们都了解它且遵守它，故此处“that”指的是theone-childpolicy，故应选C。8．细节理解题。A.960million9.6亿美元；B.940million9.4亿美元；C.29million2900万美元；D.930million9.30亿美元。根据第四段：Thenumberofworkerschangedfromabout960millionin2010to940millionin2012.Thenumberchangedto930millionin2014andwillpossiblyfallby29millionby2020.可知2014年对应的工人数是9.3亿美元，故应选D。9．推理判断题。A.TravellingandTransportation旅游与交通；B.SocietyandHistory社会与历史；C.FoodandHealth食物与健康；D.ScienceandArt科学与艺术。根据全文理解，这篇文章主要讲述了过去到现在我国面临的人口问题以及实施的政策，归属于社会与历史范畴，故应选B。C（2022春·吉林长春·九年级统考期末）Theseventhnationalpopulationcensus(人口普查)wasdoneinChinain2020.Sinceit’sonlydoneonceevery10years,itisimportantforhelpingthegovernmentmakepolicies(政策).Let’stakealookattheresearch.Annualgrowthrate(年增长率)World’slargestpopulation:Thepopulationonthemainlandisabout1.41billion.Thecountry’stotalpopulationhasbeengrowinggraduallyandwillstayabove1.4billionforsometime.Ages:Anaging(老龄化的)society:Thecountry’saverage(平均)ageis38.8yearsold.Nearly20%ofthepopulationareover60,whilethenumberofworking-agepeoplehasdroppedbyover40million.Thiswillcauseproblemssuchasbeingshortofworkers.Moreeducation:Nearly220millionpeoplehavecollegedegrees(学位).Chinahasmadegreateffortstodevelophighereducationinrecentyears,aswellasmakesureschool-agekidsgotoschool.根据短文和图表内容，选择最佳答案。China’ssixthnationalpopulationcensusis________yearsearlierthanitsseventh.A．3 B．5 C．10 D．1511．Theannualpopulationgrowthratefrom2010to2020was________lowerthanthatfrom2000to2010.A．0.04% B．0.05% C．0.06% D．0.07%12．About________ofthepopulationarebetween15and59yearsold.A．18% B．20% C．50% D．65%13．Chinaisfacingtheproblemof________.Itmaycauseashortageofworkers.A．makingpolicies B．anagingsocietyC．collegedegrees D．world’slargestpopulation14．Thesentence“________”DOESN’TshowthatChinesepeoplearegettingmoreeducation.A．School-agechildrengotoschoolB．Thecountry’saverageageis38.8C．HighereducationhasbeendevelopedinChinaD．Thereweremorepeoplewithcollegedegreesin2020thanin2010【答案】10．C

11．A

12．D

13．B

14．B【导语】本文主要讲述了第七次全国人口普查的调查结果。10．细节理解题。根据“Sinceit’sonlydoneonceevery10years”可知，人口普查是每十年进行一次。故选C。11．细节理解题。根据饼状图可知，2010—2020的年人口增长率为0.53%，2000—2010的年人口增长率为0.57%，因此2010—2020的年人口增长率比2000—2010的年人口增长率低0.04%。故选A。12．细节理解题。根据条形图中“Age：15—5963.5%”可知，大约有65%的人口在15—59岁之间。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据“Anaging(老龄化的)society:...Thiswillcauseproblemssuchasbeingshortofworkers.”可知，中国正面临着老龄化社会的问题。故选B.14．推理判断题。根据“Moreeducation:...Nearly220millionpeoplehavecollegedegrees(学位).Chinahasmadegreateffortstodevelophighereducationinrecentyears,aswellasmakesureschool-agekidsgotoschool.”及“Collegedegree...202015,467

20108,930”可推知，选项B“这个国家的平均年龄是38.8岁”不能表明中国人正受到更多的教育。故选B。D（2022·云南·统考模拟预测）OnMay31,2021,Chinaintroducedanewpolicy（政策）,allowingallfamiliestohaveuptothreechildren.Thethree-childpolicyisexpectedtofightthedropinthenation’sbirthrate（出生率）anddealwiththechallengeofarapidlyaging（老龄化的）population.ThenumberofnewbornsinChinahasfallenforfouryearsinarow（连续）.Thecountry’stotalfertilityrate（生育率）—theaveragenumberofchildrenborntoeachwoman—stoodat1.3in2020.Buttohaveastable（稳定）population,thenumbershouldbe2.1.Ontheotherhand,theproportionoftheover-60populationrosefrom10.3percentto18.7percentoverthepast10years.Thismeanstherewillnotbeenoughyoungworkers.However,notallpeoplehaveshowntheirsupportforthisnewpolicy.Somecouplescomplainedabouttherisingcostsofraisingachild.AninternetusernamedQinfengsaid,“Thehighcostofeducationandboththephysicalandmentalexhaustionstoppedmefromhavingmorethanonechild.”Also,manywomenareunwillingtogivebirthbecausethatcouldmeanlosinggoodjobopportunities.Togivestrongersupporttofamilies,thegovernmentwillmakepoliciesintermsofmarriage,births,parentingandeducation,reportedChinaDaily.Thegovernmentwillalsoenhance（改善）tax（税收）andhousingpolicies,andprotectthelegalrightsofwomeninjobmarkets.15．Accordingtothenewpolicy,________.A．theonlychildinafamilyneedssupportB．parentsshouldcaremoreabouttheirchildrenC．three-childfamiliesareverycommonD．Chinesefamiliescanhavethreechildren16．FromtheParagraph2,weknowthat________.A．thenumberofnewbornsinChinahasfallenforfiveyearsinarowB．thecountry’sfertilityratestoodat2.1in2020C．therewillnotbeenoughyoungworkersD．allpeoplehaveshowntheirsupportforthisnewpolicy17．Theunderlinedword“unwilling”inParagraph3probablymeans“________”inChinese.A．热衷于 B．不愿意 C．讨厌 D．不擅长18．WhatstoppedQinfengfromhavingmorethanonechild?A．Thehighcostofeducation. B．Thephysicalandmentalexhaustion.C．Theriskoflosingjobs. D．BothAandB．19．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Thethree-childpolicyinChina. B．ThebirthrateinChina.C．TheagingproblemsinChina. D．ThetaxproblemsinChina.【答案】15．D

16．C

17．B

18．D

19．A【导语】本文主要介绍了中国实施人口第三胎政策。15．细节理解题。根据“OnMay31,2021,Chinaintroducedanewpolicy（政策）,allowingallfamiliestohaveuptothreechildren.”可知，中国已经准许生3胎。故选D。16．细节理解题。根据“theproportionoftheover-60populationrosefrom10.3percentto18.7percentoverthepast10years.Thismeanstherewillnotbeenoughyoungworkers.”可知，未来将没有足够的年轻劳动力。故选C。17．词义猜测题。根据“manywomenareunwillingtogivebirthbecausethatcouldmeanlosinggoodjobopportunities.”可知，很多妇女不愿意生孩子是因为生孩子就意味着失去好工作的机会。因此“unwilling”的意思是“不愿意”。故选B。18．细节理解题。根据“Thehighcostofeducationandboththephysicalandmentalexhaustionstoppedmefromhavingmorethanonechild.”可知，高昂的教育成本以及身心疲惫使她无法生育一个以上的孩子。故选D。19．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国实施人口第三胎政策。因此A选项符合题意。故选A。E（2022·吉林长春·校考模拟预测）Asthepopulationinourcountryages（老龄化）rapidly,wefacegreatchallenges.Thegoodnewsisthattherearemanyinventionstosupporttheelderly.Smartwatermeter（水表）CommunityworkersonJiangsuStreetinShanghaihavefixedsmartwatermetersatthehomesofelderlypeoplelivingalone.Thewatermeterwillsendanalarm（警报）tocommunityworkersiflessthan0.01m33333333³ofwaterisusedin12hours.Thatallowscommunityworkerstorushtocheckthesituationofelderlypeople.One—clickservice（一键式服务）telephoneInBeijing’sTongzhouDistrict,communityworkershavefixedone—clickservicetelephonesfortheelderly.Withjustaclickonthephone,elderlypeoplecancallforhelpinanemergency（紧急情况）.RenXiuzhen,an80—year—oldwoman,saidherhusbandisinpoorhealth.Withtheone—clickservicetelephone,shecancall120veryquicklyifsheorherhusbandisinneed.SmartwatchFor61—year—oldShaRuifang,asmartwatchhelpsalot.Itallowshertogooutwithoutworryingtoomuchaboutanunexpectedsituation.Shasaidonceshewasoutwithherfamilywhenshesuddenlyreceivedacallfromthesmartelderlycarecontrolcenter.Theysaidtheyhaddiscoveredanunusualheartbeat（心跳）throughthewatchandaskedherifshefeltunwell.Aftergoingtothehospital,Shawastoldthattherewasaproblemwithherheart.Andastheproblemwasdiscoveredearly,sheonlyneededtotakesomemedicine.根据短文内容，判断句子正（T）、误（F）。20．Thesmartwatermeterwillsendanalarmifitdoesn’tworkwell.21．RenXiuzhenthinkstheone—clickservicetelephoneisveryconvenient.22．ShaRuifanglosthersmartwatchwhenshewasoutwithherfamily.23．Thesmartwatchisusefulforoldpeoplewithhealthproblems.24．Thepassagemainlytalksaboutsomeusefulinventionsforoldpeople.【答案】20．F

21．T

22．F

23．T

24．T【导语】本文主要讲了一些对老年人有用的发明。20．细节理解题。根据“Thewatermeterwillsendanalarm（警报）tocommunityworkersiflessthan0.01m33333333³ofwaterisusedin12hours.Thatallowscommunityworkerstorushtocheckthesituationofelderlypeople.”可知，如果12小时用水量很少，智能水表会发出警报，而不是工作不好；故答案为F。21．推理判断题。根据“RenXiuzhen,an80—year—oldwoman,saidherhusbandisinpoorhealth.Withtheone—clickservicetelephone,shecancall120veryquicklyifsheorherhusbandisinneed.”可知，任秀珍使用一键式服务电话，如果她或她的丈夫有需要，她可以很快拨打120。因此这个手表对任秀珍来说是非常方便的；故答案为T。22．细节理解题。根据“Shasaidonceshewasoutwithherfamilywhenshesuddenlyreceivedacallfromthesmartelderlycarecontrolcenter.”可知，沙瑞芳和家人外出时收到了电话，而不是丢了她的智能手表是错误的；故答案为F。23．推理判断题。根据“Shasaidonceshewasout...takesomemedicine.”可知，智能手表对有健康问题的老年人很有用；故答案为T。24．主旨大意题。根据“Asthepopulationinourcountryages（老龄化）rapidly,wefacegreatchallenges.Thegoodnewsisthattherearemanyinventionstosupporttheelderly.”可知，随着我国人口迅速老龄化，我们面临巨大的挑战。好消息是，现在有很多发明来帮助老人，因此这篇文章主要讲了一些对老年人有用的发明；故答案为T。F（2022·四川成都·四川省成都市第三中学校考二模）根据短文内容判断句子正误。正确的涂“A”，错误的涂“B”。WorldpopulationManypeoplemayhavethoughtthattheworldpopulationwilljustkeeprising,haven’tthey?ButthefindingsfromthelateststudyinaDecembermagazinemayseemsurprising.Itpredictsthattheworldpopulationwillgodowninthenextcentury.AccordingtoSteinEmilVollset,aleadingexpertofthenewstudy,iftherecentresultofthesurveyiscorrect,itwillbethefirsttimeforustoseeanunexpecteddropinglobalpopulation,drivenbylowbirthrates.Becauseoflowbirthratesandagingpopulations(人口老龄化),thenumberofpeopleinsomecountr