Unit1PastandpresentGrammar课件牛津译林版八年级英语下册

Unit1PastandpresentGrammarToday'sRecitingStarWarmingupWhatdoyouknowaboutMrChenandSunshineTown?MrChenhaslivedinSunshineTownsincehewasborn.MrChenhasmovedtoanewneighbourhood.Heandhiswifehavelivedinthisareasince1965.Thetownhaschangedalotovertheyears.Thegovernmenthasturnedpartofthetowncentreintoanewpark.…FreetalkPresentPerfectTense现在完成时Structureofthepresentperfecttensehave/has

+done

sb+

助动词

（可以帮助构成肯定、疑问和否定句）

动词的过去分词IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.（presentperfecttense）

whenIwasborn,llivedhereandIstillliveherewhenthewordsweresaid.Ilivedheretwoyearsago.（simplepasttense）Ilivedheretwoyearsago.SomethinghaschangedinthepasttwoyearsandIdon’tliveherenow.

1.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.UsingthepresentperfecttenseEddiehasjusteatenHobo’sfood.（presentperfecttense）2.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthathappenedinthepastandhasaconnectionwiththepresent.Eddieatethefood,andnowHobohasnothingtoeat.EddieateHobo’sfood.（simplepasttense）Thissentencestatesafactinthepastandithasnoconnectionwiththepresent.IhavealreadyvisitedMrChen’sneighbourhoodseveraltimes.（presentperfecttense）3.Wealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkabouthowmanytimesanactionhashappenedtillnow.ThissentencetellsusthatIhavevisitedMrChen’sneighbourhoodseveraltimesbythetimethesewordsaresaid.1.表示过去某一时刻开始的动作或状态,一直延续到现在，动词要用延续性动词。标志词：此用法常与for,since,theseyears,sofar,inthepast/last…years等连用。2.表示动作发生在过去，和现在有联系，对于现在造成的一定的影响,强调的是影响,不能出现具体时间。标志词：此用法常与already,just,yet,ever,never,recently,before(句末)等连用。3.表示到目前为止，动作发生多少次了。标志词：此用法常never,oncetwicethreetimes,howmanytimes等连用。SummaryThePresentPerfectTense-HowtoformHehasjustgonehome.Shehasalreadyhadaholidaythisyear.Ithasbroken!IhaveseenmynewEnglishteacher.Theyhaveboughtanewcar.Youhavefinishedtheexercise.Wehaveseenthisfilmbefore.Workouttherule!◆Weuse“have

+done”withpronounslike_____,_____,_____and_____.◆Weuse“has+done”withpronounslike_____,_____and_____.ItheyyouwehesheitWorkouttherule!Ihaven’t/havenotdonemyhomeworkyet.Youhaven’t/havenotansweredmyquestion.Wehaven’t/havenotworkedonafarm.Theyhaven’t/havenotseeneachotherforages.Hehasn’t/hasnotbeenhomeforfiveyears.Shehasn’t/hasnotfoundanewjob.Ithasn’t/hasnotfinishedyet.◆

Presentperfecttense—Negativesentenceshaven’t/havenothasn’t/hasnot+done

sb+Workouttherule!◆

Presentperfecttense—Yes/NoquestionsHave/Has+done...?+sbHaveIeverdoneitbefore?Haveyoupractisedthepianorecently?Havewedoneitright?Havetheygonehomeyet?Hasheworkedherelong?Hasshealreadysentthefax?Hasitworkedproperly?Workouttherule!◆

Presentperfecttense–Wh-questionshave/has+done...?+sbWhathaveIdonerecently?Howlonghaveyoustudiedhere?Howlonghavewebeentogether?Wherehavetheyworked?HowmanytimeshashevisitedCanada?Whatcountrieshasshevisited?Wherehasitbeen?Wh-words+

1.Hehascleanedhisroom.(变成一般疑问句，并且给出肯定和否定回答）Has

hecleanedhisroom?Yes,hehas./No,hehasn't.2.ShehaslivedinLondonforfouryears.(划线部分提问）Howlong

has

shelivedinLondon?3.HehasbeentoChina,___________?（写出反意疑问句部分）hasn’the4.Theyhavecomebackfromwork.(变成否定句）Theyhaven'tcomebackfromwork.Practice

WhatarethekeywordsforthePresentPerfectTense?A:______yourbrother___________hishomeworkyet?(finish)B:Yes,he'salreadydoneit.Has

finished

yet

already

注意：already用于肯定句，yet常用于疑问句（表已经）和否定句（表还）中already(肯定句句中或句末，“已经”)yet(否定句/疑问句，“还、已经”)ever(疑问句，“曾经”)never(从不)since（自从）for+一段时间just（

肯定句，“刚刚”）

Wecanusethesetimeexpressionswiththepresentperfecttensewhichrefertotherecentpastorincludethepresent.Attentionrecently(最近)sofar=uptonow=tillnow(迄今，到目前为止)inthepast/last10years（在过去的十年里）overtheyears(在这些年)before(以前)once/twice/manytimesHowmanytimes+问句ThepastparticiplesofverbsD.

study

–

carry

–work–look–clean–play–B.live–hope–C.stop–plan–

workedlookedcleanedplayedlivedhopedstoppedplannedstudiedcarriedCompetitionThepastparticiplesofregularverbs(规则动词的过去分词)构成方法原形过去时一般情况在动词原形后加-edfinishanswerfinishedanswered以字母e结尾的动词，只加-dmovediemoveddied以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，把y改为i,再加-edcarrycrycarriedcried以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstopplanstoppedplannedPresentation写出下列动词的过去分词：worklikecrystaylearnusehelpfinishcookarriveworkedlikedcriedstayedlearnedusedhelpedfinishedcookedarrivedPractice不规则动词过去分词的构成参见P122

原形过去式

过去分词

costcostcostreadreadread

meetmetmetcatchcaughtcaught

bewas/werebeenfallfellfallendrawdrewdrawnflyflewflownseesawseenABBAAA

ABC用现在完成时完成下列句子：partB(P14)1.They______________(finish)theirhomeworkalready.2.John_______never_______(visit)China.3.MrLi______________(repair)overtenbicycles

sinceMonday.4.We________________(notsee)eachotherforyears.5.Myparents______________(notcome)back

yet.6.Ourteacher_____________(teach)usalotaboutthehistoryofChina.havefinishedhavevisited

hasrepairedhaven’tseenhaven’tcomehastaughtMorepracticeinthepastatpresentActivityUseatleastfivesentencesinthepresentperfecttensetodescribethechangesinSuqian.

Suqianhasturnedintoamoderncity.However,over20yearsago,peoplelivedintheoldareaswitholdhousesandnarrowstreets.Theyusuallytravelled

aroundthecity

by

bicycle

oronfoot,and

therewasmuchpollution.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceheresince1999.Peoplehavebuiltmanywideroadsandtallbuildings.Theyhaveplantedtrees

alongtheroadsaswell.Mostpeoplehavemovedinto

newflatsandhavelivedcomfortably.

Now,peoplecantravelbybus,

taxi,

trainandhigh-speedtrain.The

governmenthastakenaction

to

makeallthesehappen.People’slivingconditionshaveimprovedalot.PeopleenjoylivinginSuqianbecauselifeherehasbecomemorecolourful.

现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语过去分词的构成Conclusion1.HaveyoumetMrLi______？Ａ.justnowＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago2.Thefamouswriter____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswriting