Unit4NaturalDisasters知识点复习学案-高一英语人教版

Unit4复习知识清单主题词汇自然灾害种类：disaster________tornado______干旱__________landslide________tsunami_________洪水_______地震__________volcaniceruption________台风___________hurricane___________野火________灾害描述：magnitude_________slide__________波浪______damage_________→_________adj.袭击___________destroy→_________adj.→_________n.tap________evacuate______affect→___________adj.→____________n.爆发___________裂痕_______气体_____好像______成为废墟__________使陷于，陷阱_________bury_______撞击____________sweepaway_______灾难中的人及其描述：survive_________→__________n.呼吸____________死亡___________shock→________adj.震惊__________revive_______→________n.遭受__________wisdom__________平静的____________救援设施：helicopter___________庇护所_________kitbag________急救___________electricity________哨子____________5.救援工作：努力____________emergencyaid____________onhand____________deliver_________→__________n.营救__________生活必需品__________n.重点词组似乎/好像_____________beshockedtodosth.________________陷入...中________________buryoneselfin________________深呼吸________________makeanefforttodosth.单元语法一、定语从句的概念(1)定语从句：在复合句中，修饰_______的从句叫作定语从句。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫作_______。(3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词分为__________(that,which,who,whom,whose)和____________(when,where,why)两类。关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。二、关系代词的基本用法1.that/whichthat(修饰人、物，做主语、宾语)which(修饰物，做主语)Thedoctor______youarelookingforisintheroom.Thebuilding_______standsneartheriverisourschool.2.Who/whom/whoseWho（做主语/宾语）whom（做宾语，跟在介词后）whose(做定语)Thestudent________isansweringthequestionisJohn.Tomisafreshman________Englishisfluent.Mr.Liuistheperson_________youtalkedaboutonthebus.语用知识1.有关自然灾害类新闻报道的陈述：Goodmorning/afternoon.Todayis...ahugeearthquake/flood/tsunami/...hit/struck...Atleast..werekilledand..were(badly)injuredintheearthquake/tornado/flood.Almostall/Mostofthehomesweredestroyedand..Rescueteamsarrivedquicklyandhelicopterswereusedto..2.给出安全指导：I'dliketoknowwhatwecandotopreventnaturaldisasters.Well,ifweprepare,wecankeepthemfrombeingdisasters...Whatshouldwedoifthereisa/antornado/flood/earthquake/...?Rememberto..Andwhataboutafteranearthquake?Well,ifyou'retrapped,youcan..一、识记单词1._________n.&v.破坏;毁坏2._________n.电;电能3._________n.灾难;灾害4._________v.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱5._________n.突发事件;紧急情况6._________n.援助;帮助;救援物资v.帮助;援助7._________v.埋葬;安葬8._________n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力9._________n.智慧;才智10._________v.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失11._________v.摧毁;毁灭12._________v.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动13._________n.避难处;居所;庇护v.保护;掩蔽;躲避(风雨或危险)14._________n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品v.供应;供给二、拓展单词1._________n.死;死亡→_________adj.无生命的→_________v.死亡;消亡;灭亡2._________n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克v.(使)震惊→_________adj.令人震惊的→_________adj.感到震惊的3._________v.呼吸→_________n.呼吸的空气→_________adj.喘不过气来的4._________v.复活;(使)苏醒→_________n.振兴;复苏5._________v.遭受;蒙受;(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→_________n.折磨;苦难6._________v.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→_________n.火山爆发;(战争等)爆发7._________n.电力供应;能量;力量v.驱动;快速前进→_________adj.威力强大的;强有力的→_________adj.无力的;无影响力的8._________n.影响;结果;效果→_________adj.有效的;生效的9._________n.长;长度→_________adj.长的→_________v.(使)延长;(使)变长→_________adj.漫长的;冗长的三、重点短语1.______________对……造成损坏2.______________消灭;彻底消除3.______________震惊;吃惊4.______________保持冷静5.______________像往常一样6.______________似乎;好像;仿佛7.______________严重受损;破败不堪8.______________露天;在户外9.______________现有(尤指帮助)10.______________处境危险四、重点句式Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend!(asif引导表语从句)2.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity'speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.(with的复合结构)3.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.(bedoing...when...)五、写作:概要写作概要写作是一种阅读和写作要求并重的新题型,有准确性、完整性、概括性、客观性、个体性等特点。概要写作提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求阅读原文后根据其内容写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄写原文,又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。教材范例提炼[写作流程]第一步:归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题,进而提取主旨大意,即有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点。阅读语篇时,根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法:记叙文：圈出记叙文的六要素(who、when、where、what、how、why),如果是夹叙夹议文,还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意说明文：找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议议论文： 提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、论证)第二步:提炼关键词1.结合主旨大意,细读段落,找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词,区别段落中哪些是mainideas,哪些是supportingideas、examples和additionalinformation。通常是在相对重要的句子中提炼关键词。正确的关键词和关键句是概要写作最重要的内容和依据。2.消减事例,尽量减少事实并省略细节。第三步:合并和改写1.合并信息首先需要对信息进行分类、整合,找到信息之间的联系,再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起,但如果联系紧密,且没有支持的细节信息,可以考虑合并。2.在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写,对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变(改词、换句型)。第四步:核查成文核查文章句子的连贯性,优先考虑使用连接词(but、then、later、finally、besides、thus、therefore、yet、however);核查标点和语法;核查词数。[常用语句]1.表示文章的内容以及研究目的Thispaperisaimedat/covers/mainlydealswith...Thearticlefocusesonthetopicof...Thisarticle/passagemainlytells(astory)about...Thispassagemainlydealswith/discusses/explores...Thisessaypresentsknowledgethat...Thispaperprovides/givesanoverviewof...Inthispassage(about...),theauthor...Theauthorbegantheessay/passagebytelling/presenting...First/Firstly/Inthebeginning/Inthefirstpart,theauthorargues/explains/mentions/states/pointsout(that)...2.表示研究的结论Theresultshowsthat...Theauthorfindsthat...Itisconcludedthat...Finally/Asaconclusion,theauthorconcludes/adds/stressesthat...Finally,theauthorsummarizesthat...3.表示观点或建议Theauthorsuggests/considersthat...Asfarastheauthorisconcerned...Intheauthor'sview...答案主题词汇自然灾害种类：disaster___灾害______tornado__龙卷风_____干旱__drought_____landslide_山体滑坡___tsunami__龙卷风___洪水__flood_____地震___earthquake__volcaniceruption___火山爆发_____台风___typhoon____hurricane___飓风_____野火___wildfire______灾害描述：magnitude__震级____slide__滑落____波浪_wave___damage__损坏________→___damaged______adj.袭击__strike____destroy→__destroyed_adj.→_destroyer_____n.tap___轻扣__evacuate_撤离___affect→__affected__adj.→___effect_n.爆发__erupt___裂痕___crack____气体___gas__好像__asif____成为废墟__inruins___使陷于，陷阱___trap__bury__埋葬_撞击__crash__sweepaway_冲走___灾难中的人及其描述：survive__幸存____→___survivor____n.呼吸__breathe______死亡__death______shock→__shocking/shocked__adj.震惊__inshock___revive__复苏__→_revival___n.遭受__suffer_______wisdom_智慧____平静的_calm___救援设施：helicopter___直升机_____庇护所___shelter___kitbag__工具____急救__firstaid____electricity_电_____哨子__whistle__5.救援工作：努力___effort____emergencyaid____急救____onhand__现有的_____deliver___派送_→__delivery___n.营救__rescue___生活必需品___supply__n.重点词组似乎/好像___asif________beshockedtodosth._做某事感到震惊________陷入...中____betrappedin________buryoneselfin_____专心于...___________深呼吸____takeadeepbreath____makeanefforttodosth.___努力做...________单元语法一、定语从句的概念(1)定语从句：在复合句中，修饰__名词或代词_____的从句叫作定语从句。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫作__先行词_____。(3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词分为__关系代词________(that,which,who,whom,whose)和___关系副词_________(when,where,why)两类。关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。二、关系代词的基本用法1.that/whichthat(修饰人、物，做主语、宾语)which(修饰物，做主语)Thedoctor__that______youarelookingforisintheroom.Thebuilding__that/which_____standsneartheriverisourschool.2.Who/whom/whoseWho（做主语/宾语）whom（做宾语，跟在介词后）whose(做定语)Thestudent__who______isansweringthequestionisJohn.Tomisafreshman__whose_______Englishisfluent.Mr.Liuistheperson_who/whom________youtalkedaboutonthebus.一、识记单词1.ruinn.&v.破坏;毁坏2.electricityn.电;电能3.disastern.灾难;灾害4.trapv.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱5.emergencyn.突发事件;紧急情况6.aidn.援助;帮助;救援物资v.帮助;援助7.buryv.埋葬;安葬8.effortn.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力9.wisdomn.智慧;才智10.damagev.