2024-2025学年辽宁省大连王府高级中学高二上学期第二学段考试英语试卷

2024—2025学年辽宁省大连王府高级中学高二上学期第二学段考试英语试卷

一、阅读理解(★★)Itisoftensaidthatyoucan’thavetoomanyfriends.Butitseemsthatthereisanaturallimittothenumberofpeoplewestayintouchwith.Astudyfoundthatwhenwemakenewfriends,bystartinganewjoborgoingtouniversity,wedowngradeorevendropoldones.Andwhilethefriendsmaychange,thenumberstaysalmostthesame.OxfordUniversityresearcherFelixReed-Tsochasasked24studentsinthefinalmonthsofschooltolistalltheirfriendsandrelativesandsayhowclosetothemtheywere.Thepupilsfilledinthequestionnaire(问卷)twicemoreafterstartingworkorgoingtouniversity.Theywerealsogivenfreemobilephonesandagreedthatresearcherscouldusetheirbillstoworkoutwhotheycalled,whenandforhowlong.Puttingthetwopiecesofinformationtogethershowed,unsurprisingly,thatmostpeoplehaveasmallcircleofclosefriends,whotheyspendmostoftheirtimetalkingto.Thisinnercircleissurroundedbygroupaftergroupofevermoredistantfriends.Asthevolunteer’liveschanged,thisoverallpattern,includingthenumberofbestfriends,remainedalmostthesame,meaningthatsomeclosefriendsfromchildhoodweredroppedordowngradedasnewfriendshipswerebuilt.DrReed-Tsochassaid,“MaybemybestfriendisnolongerthesamepersonbuttheamountoftimeIallocate(分配)tomybestfriendisstillthesame.”Headdedthatthisfindingsuggeststhatevenwiththecomingofmoderntechnology,weareonlycapableofformingalimitednumberoftruefriendships.ChesterUniversityresearcherDrSamRobertssaid,“Ourresultsarelikelytoreflectlimitationsintheabilityofhumanstokeepemotionallycloserelationshipsbothbecauseoflimitedtimeandbecausetheemotionalcapital(情绪资本)thatindividualscanallocatebetweenfamilymembersandfriendsislimited.”1.Whatisapopularbeliefaboutmakingfriends?

A．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.B．Weshouldtreatfriendsasourfamily.C．Themorefriendswemake,thebetter.D．Afriendtoeverybodyisafriendtonobody.2.WhichisoneofthemethodsDrReed-Tsochasusedinhisstudy?

A．Checkingthevolunteers’callrecords.B．Learningaboutthevolunteers’hobbies.C．Trackingthevolunteers’jobperformances.D．Interviewingthevolunteers’schoolmates.3.Whatisthefunctionofthelastparagraph?

A．Toaddbackgroundinformation.B．Togivepossibleexplanations.C．Tooffersomesuggestions.D．Tointroduceanewtopic.(★★★)Intheanimalkingdom,killerwhales(虎鲸)aresocialstars:theytravelinvariedfamilygroups,careforgrandchildren,andevenimitatehumanspeech.Now,scientistsareaddingonemorebehaviortothelist:formingfastfriendships.Anewstudyshowskillerwhalescanrivalanimalssuchaschimpanzeesandmacaques(akindofmonkey),andevenhumanswhenitcomestothekindof“socialtouch”thatindicatesstrongbonds.Someoceananimalsmaintainsocialstructures—includingmaledolphinsthatlearnthe“names”oftheircloseallies(盟友).Butthereislittledataaboutwildkillerwhales.That’swheredrone(无人机)technologycamein.MichaelWeiss,abehavioralecologist,teamedupwithhiscolleaguestolaunchdrones,flyingthem30to120metersaboveagroupofkillerwhales.Thatwashighenoughnottotroublethewhales,markingthefirsttimedroneshavebeenusedtostudyfriendlyphysicalcontactinwhales.Theresearchersrecordedover800instancesofphysicalcontactbetweenindividuals.Thoseincludedhugs,back-to-backandnose-to-nosetouchesbetweenpairsofwhales.Otherwhalesplayfullythrewyoungwhalesintotheair,lettingthemfallintothewater.Besides,thedroneimagesrevealedclearpreferencesamongindividuals,usuallyforone“bestfriend”ofthesamesexandage.TakeJ49andJ51—twodistantlyrelatedyoungmalesaged9and6—forinstance.“Everytimeyouseeagroupofwhales,thosetwoarerightthereinteractingwitheachother,”Weisssays.Theyoungledmostoftheseinteractions,ratherthantheolderfemalesormales.Oldermalesinparticularwerelessimportant.“Theyoungindividualsreallyseemtobetheglueholdingthegroupstogether,”Weisssays.Asindividualsage,thisgraduallossof“centrality”isknowninmanysocialmammals,includinghumans.Thatfindingis“especiallyappealing”toStaceyTecot,whowasn’tinvolvedinthestudy.“Scientistshavelongobservedthissocialagingtrendinanimals,buttherearestillmanyunansweredquestions,”shesays.That’scertainlyontheresearchers’radar.“We’realreadygatheringnewdata,withmoreadvancedequipment,”saysWeiss.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rival”inParagraph1probablymean?

A．Benefitfrom.B．Beequalto.C．Dependon.D．Befondof.5.WhatisnewaboutWeiss’research?

A．Theresearchmethod.B．Thevarietyofspecies.C．Thesizeoftheresearchteam.D．Thetimespentontheresearch.6.WhatdidWeissfindaboutJ49andJ51?

A．Theyhaveastablefriendship.B．Theirinteractionsaremorecomplicated.C．Theircommunicatingwayschangefrequently.D．Theypreferplayingwithyoungfemalewhales.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A．Moreresearcherswillbeinvolvedinthestudy.B．Otherscientiststakeanegativeattitudetotheresearch.C．Researcherswillcollectmoredatatostudykillerwhales.D．Researcherswilluncoverthesocialagingtrendinanimalssoon.(★★★)Stayinguplateisapotentialbattlebetweenparentsandkids.Butthesolutioncouldbeassimpleaschangingyourmealtime.ResearchersattheUniversityofSurrey,UK,foundthatdelayingmealscouldhelpchangeoneoftheinternalbodyclocks.Besidesa“master”clockinthebrain,thereareclocksinotherpartsofthebody.Theyareusuallysynchronized（同步的）accordingtofactorsincludinglight.Duringthestudy,researchersteased10participantstostudytheeffectofchangingmealtimesontheirbodyclocks.Theparticipantsweregiventhreemeals-breakfast,lunchanddinner.Inthefirststage,participantsreceivedbreakfast30minutesafterwalking.Lunchanddinnerfollowed,after5-hourinterval（间隔）.Inthesecondstage,eachmealwasdelayedby5hours.Rightaftereachstage,bloodandfatsampleswerecollected.Resultsshowedthatlatermealtimesgreatlyinfluencedbloodsugarlevels.A5-hourdelayinmealtimescauseda5-hourdelayintheinternalbloodsugarrhythms.Thediscoveryshowedthatmealtimesareinlinewiththebodyclockthatcontrolsbloodsugarlevels.Thisisasmallstudybuttheresearchersbelievedthefindingscouldhelpjetlagsufferersandnight-shiftworkers.InastudybytheUniversityofSurreyin2013,researchersexploredwhathappenedwhenaperson’sbodywaschangedfromanormalpatterntothatofanight-shiftworker’s.Afterpeopleworkthroughthenight,over97percentofthebody’srhythmicgenesaredisrupted.Thesefindingsexplainwhywefeelsobadfollowingalongflight,orafterworkingatnight,accordingtoSimonArcher,oneofthestudy’sresearcher.“It’slikelivinginahouse.There’saclockineveryroominthehouseandinallofthoseroomsthoseclocksarenowdisrupted,whichofcourseleadstochaos（混乱）inthehousehold,”fellowresearcherDer-JanDijktoldtheBBC.Changingmealtimesdidn’taffectthe“master”bodyclock-theonecontrollingwhenwegetsleepy-butitcanresetthebodyclockthatcontrolsbloodsugarlevels.Thiswouldn’tnecessarilycurejetlagcompletely,butitmightreducethenegativeeffects.Astudypublishedearlierthisyearsuggestedthatjustaweekendcampingtripcouldbeenoughtoresetourbodyclocks.Andnowthislatestresearchshowsregularfoodschedulescouldplayakeyparttoo.8.WhatdidresearchersattheUniversityofSurreyfindfromtheirnewstudy?

A．Connectionsbetweenthe“master”clockandclocksinotherpartsofthebody.B．Adelayinmealtimescausesanirregularchangeinbloodsugarrhythms.C．Changingmealstimescanbeenoughtoresetoneofourbodyclocks.D．Bloodsugarlevelsareaffectedbywhenweeatratherthanbyourinternalclocks.9.Whatcanweknowaboutthenewstudy?

A．Theinternalbetweeneachmealbeinggivenwasdifferent.B．Eachmealwasservedfivehourslaterduringthesecondstage.C．Participantswereaskedtoreporttheirfeelingsaftereachstage.D．Bloodandfatsamplesofthetwogroupsofparticipantswerecollected.10.WhatcanwelearnfromthestudybyresearchersattheUniversityofSurreyfrom2013?

A．Allourbody’sgeneswouldbedisruptedifweworkedthroughthenight.B．Adisruptiontothebody’srhythmicgenescancausepeopletofeelbad.C．Thedisruptionofonegenecouldleadtothedisruptionofothergenes.D．Ourgenesoftenbecomelessactiveafteralongflightornightofwork.11.Accordingtothearticle,________________.

A．thereismorethanonewaytoresetbodyclocks.B．it’simpossibletoreducethenegativeeffectscausedbyjetlagornightwork.C．the“master”bodyclockcontrolsalltheotherbodyclocks.D．achangeinmealtimescanresetthe“master”bodyclock.(★★★)Formanypeople,barbecuesareachancetoenjoyamealwithfamilyandfriends.ForStanHays,however,barbecuingbecomeshisskilltofeedpeopleinneedwhenthedisasterhappens.TheuniqueeffortbeganinMay2011,whenaseveretornado(龙卷风)hitJoplin,abouttwohoursfromHays’home.Hiswifeaskedhimtohelp.So,heputoutthewordtohispartnersandheadeddownwithhisbarbecue.“Wethoughtwe’dbetherethreetofourdays,servingmaybe5,000meals,”Hayssaid.Buttheneedwasthere,soHaysandover300volunteersworkedfor11daystomeettheneed.Itwasalife-changingexperienceforHays,whohadneverorganizedanytypeoflargevoluntaryeffortbefore.Whilepreparingtoheadhome,heandhisfriendsWillCleaverandJeffStithcametotherealization.“Abarbecuecommunityisabletorespondtodisasterslikethisquickly,”Hayssaid.“So,beforeweleft,weputtogetheraplantocreatetheOperationBBQRelief.”Duringthelastsixyears,thegrouphasrespondedtoalmost45disastersacrosstheUnitedStates,mostrecentlyHurricanesHarveyandIrmaandthewildfiresinnorthernCalifornia.Morethan6,800volunteershavejoinedtheeffort,andthegroupoftenpartnerswithotherorganizationstoservethemeals.“Barbecuesarecomfortfood,”Hayssaid.“Ifyoujustlostyourhouseoralovedone,gettingahotmealwouldremindyouofthebarbecuesyouhadinthebackyardandmakeyouforgetaboutthebadstuffinyourlife.That’sworthittome.”12.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?

A．ThetornadohappenedinJuly2011.B．Supplieswerefarfromenoughforthevictims.C．Volunteerscouldn’tmeettherequirements.D．TheneedforfoodwasbeyondHays’expectation.13.WhatmadeHayscreatetheOperationBBQRelief?

A．Hiswife’ssuggestion.B．Hispreferenceforbarbecues.C．AvoluntaryactivityinJoplin.D．Thehighearningsfrombarbecues.14.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeHays?

A．Warm-hearted.B．Strong-willed.C．Broad-minded.D．Good-tempered.15.What’sthetextmainlyabout?

A．Thebrightfutureofbarbecues.B．Theroleofbarbecuesinvoluntaryactivities.C．Aneffectiveapproachwasusedtorescuevictims.D．Whendisastersfall,theybringbarbecues.(★★★)Manyscientistsbelieveourloveofsugarmayactuallybeanaddiction(瘾).Whenweeatordrinksugaryfoods,thesugarentersourbloodandaffectspartsofourbrain,whichmakesusfeelgood.Thenthegoodfeelinggoesaway,leavinguswantingmore.16Inthisway,itisinfactanaddictivedrug,onethatdoctorssuggestweallcutdownon.“ItseemslikeeverytimeIstudyanillnessandsearchforthefirstcause,Ifindmywaybacktosugar,”saysscientistRichardJohnson.17Why?“Sugar,webelieveisoneofcausesoftheproblem,ifnotthemajorreason,”saysJohnson.Ourbodiesaredesignedtosurviveonverylittlesugar.Earlyhumansoftenhadverylittlefood,soourbodieslearnedtobeveryefficientinstoringsugarasfat.Inthisway,wehadenergystoredforwhentherewasnofood.Buttoday,mostpeoplehavemorethanenough.18Well,whatisthesolution?It’sobviousthatweneedtoeatlesssugar.19Frombreakfastcereals(谷物)toafter-dinnerdesserts,ourfoodsareincreasinglyfilledwithit.20Manyschoolsarereplacingsugarydessertswithhealthierfoodlikefruit.Otherschoolsaregrowingtheirownfoodingardensorbuildingfacilities(设施)likewalkingtracksostudentsandothersinthecommunitycanexercise.

A．Buttherearethosewhoarefightingbackagainstsugar.B．High-sugarfoodscannegativelyaffectyourenergylevels.C．Sotheverythingthatoncesavedusmaynowbekillingus.D．Alltastyfoodsdothis,butsugarhasaparticularlystrongeffect.E．Thetroubleis,intoday’sworld,it’sextremelydifficulttoavoid.F．Theaveragepersontakesinabout24kilogramsofsugareachyear.G．1/3ofadultsworldwidehavehighbloodpressureand2.5billionsufferfromobesity.二、完形填空(★★★)Inallone’slifetimeitisoneselfthatonespendsthemosttimebeingwithordealingwith.Butitis________oneselfthatonehastheleastunderstandingof.Whenyouaregoingupwardsinlifeyoutendtooverestimateyourself.Itseemsthateverythingyouseekforiswithinyour________.Whenyouaregoingdownhillyoutendtounderestimateyourself.Togetathoroughunderstandingofoneselfistogainacorrectviewofoneselfandbearealist-awareofbothone’s________andweaknesses.Youmay________hopefullytothefuturebutbesurenotto________toomuch,foridealscanneverbefullyrealized.Youmaybe________tomeetchallengesbutitshouldbecleartoyou________todirectyourefforts.That’stosay,solongasyouhaveaperfect________ofyourself,therewon’tbedifficultiesyoucan’tovercome.Togetathoroughunderstandingofoneselfneedsself-appreciation.Whetheryouthinkyouareatoweringtreeorabladeofgrass,ahighmountainorasmallstone,yourepresentastateofnaturethathasitsownreasonof________.Ifyouearnestlyadmireyourselfyou’llhavearealsenseofself-appreciation,whichwillgiveyouconfidence.________yougainfullconfidenceinyourself,you’llbeenabledtofightandovercomeanydifficulty.Togetathoroughunderstandingofoneselfalsorequiresdoingoneselfafavorwhenit’sneeded.Intimeofanger,doyourselfafavorbygivinganoutlettoitinaquietplacesothatyouwon’tbehurtbyitsflames;intimeofsadness,doyourselfafavorby________itwithyourfriendssoastochangeagloomymoodintoacheerfulone;intimeoftiredness,doyourselfafavorbygettingagoodsleeportakingsomestimulant.Showyourselflovingconcernaboutyourhealthanddailylife.________youknowperfectlywellwhenandhowtodoyourselfafavor,youwon’tbeconfidentandreadyenoughto________theattackofillness.Asyouareaware,whatapersonphysicallyhasisbutahumanbodythat’svulnerablewhen________totheelements.Soifyoufallill,it’suptoyoutotakeagoodcareofyourself.Inaword,togetathoroughunderstandingofoneselfistogetafull________ofone’slife.Thenonewillfindone’slifefullofcolorandflavor.21.A．permanentlyB．previouslyC．preciselyD．perfectly22.A．reachB．budgetC．developmentD．brain23.A．shortagesB．disadvantagesC．strengthsD．limitations24.A．lookupB．lookbackC．lookforwardD．lookdown25.A．expectB．analyzeC．inspectD．dream26.A．honestB．comprehensiveC．courageousD．delicate27.A．whatB．whichC．howD．where28.A．imageB．knowledgeC．systemD．memory29.A．attackB．criticismC．popularityD．existence30.A．AsmuchasB．AssoonasC．AsfarasD．Aswellas31.A．quarrelingB．arguingC．sharingD．blaming32.A．UnlessB．OnceC．SinceD．If33.A．recallB．restoreC．restartD．resist34.A．exchangedB．exposedC．experiencedD．exported35.A．markB．controlC．accountD．recovery三、语法填空(★★★)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。NobellaureateMoYanwassharinghismemoriesofthedayswhenhefirstpickeduphispen,3636grassrootswritersfromaroundthecountry,ataseminarinBeijingonMarch22.MoYanbelievesthateverywriter,37influentialtheyare,sharesasimilarcourseofgrowth,startingasareaderandliterary38(enthusiasm).Theyencountersomethingtheyarereallyintoanditch39(try)theirhandatwriting,imitatingfirst,beforeeventuallyformingastyleoftheirown,hesays.HerecalledhisdaysinthearmyinBaoding,Hebeiprovince,givinglessonsonMarxistphilosophy,politicaleconomyandscientificsocialismduringtheday,andwritingatnight.Everydayhewaitedforthesoundofthepostman’smotorcycle40(hope).Hiseffortpaidoffwhen,inMay1981,alocalbimonthlyliteraturemagazinedecidedtopublishhismaidenwork.MoYanthenstruggledforawhile,beforehefiguredoutthathisruralhometowninShandongprovinceandaplacehe’smostfamiliarwith,wouldprovide41inexhaustiblesourceofwritingmaterial.ThepanelalsoincludedLiangXiaoshengandLiuZhenyun,whoseworks42(reach)amultitudeofreadersathomeandabroadsofar.Liang’sfull-lengthnovel,Renshijian,43wontheMaoDunLiteraturePrize,amongthefield’smostprestigiousawardsinChina,44(adapt)intoahitseriesanddirectheateddiscussionsonlinelastyear.Liustatedtheimportanceofcharacters’interpersonalrelationshipanditsstructure,45(add)thatitrequiredwisdom,creativity,andphilosophicalcognitiontoachievethatinaliterarycreation.四、书信写作(★★★)46.假定你是李晴,国庆节期间你回了趟老家,感慨于农村的机械化发展。请你给留学生朋友Jack写一封邮件,邀请他下月底放假期间到你家做客。内容包括：1.介绍你的家乡；2.发出邀请。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.开头已为你写好,不计入总词数。DearJack,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiQing五、书面表达(★★★★)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Itwashardtosaygoodbyetoapet,especiallyforchildren.NancyLowe.5,fromWalton-onThames,England,experiencedthelossofherbelovedcat,Tintin,earlierthisyear.ShediedfromheartfailureandNancyhadbeenstrugglingtoadjusttolifewithoutherbestfriend.Concernedandanxious,Nancy’smom,Tamara,said,“NancyandTintinwerebestfriends,andtheyhadareallyclosebond,Whenevertheysaweachother,thetwoofthemweresohappy.”Nancydesperatelymisse