2025届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模考试英语试卷

2025届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模考试英语试卷

一、语法填空(★★★)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WhyHastheGreatWallPreservedSoWell?TheGreatWall,asymbolofancientcivilization,stretchesacrossnorthernChina.Despiteitsgrandeur,1remainstodayisonlyapartofitsformerself,duetothewearanddamagecausedbytimeandnature.However,arecentdiscoveryrevealsthatnature2mightbeplayingacrucialroleinpreservingthishistoricalwonder.Thinlayersofbacteriaandotherorganisms,knownasbiocrusts,havebeenconsidered3(protect)sectionsoftheGreatWall,shelteringitfromwindandrain,andotherdestructiveelements.AstudypublishedinScienceAdvanceshighlightsthesignificantrolethese“livingskins”playinconservingthisancientarchitecturalmarvel.4advancesintechnologyandresearch,scientistsarenowexploringthepotentialofcultivatingnewbiocruststopreventfurtherdegradationoftheWall.NicholeBarger,anecologist,praisesthestudyas“innovativeandcreative”,notingthattheprotectiveeffectsofbiocrusts5(gain)increasingrecognitioninrecentyears.Itisacknowledgedthatdrylandecosystems6(stabilize)andsoilerosion(侵蚀)ispreventedbythesebiologicallayers.7themorefamoussectionsoftheGreatWallareconstructedfromstonesorbricks,otherpartswerebuiltusingpackedsoil.Yet,thesamepackedsoilscanalsohostbiocrusts,8coverabout12%oftheEarth’slandsurface,particularlyindryregionslikenorthernChina.Thesebiocrustsvaryinform,9(range)fromthinbacterialnetworkstothickerlayersoflichen(青苔).SoilscientistBoXiaofromtheChinaAgriculturalUniversity,alongwithhiscolleagues,conductedastudytoinvestigatetheroleofbiocrustsinpreservingtheGreatWall.Theirresearchrevealedthatbiocrusts,primarily10(compose)ofmossorbacteria,coveredmorethantwo-thirdsoftheWall’ssurfaceintheareastheyexamined.Bystudyingthephysicalproperties,theymadeasignificantdiscovery.二、选词填空(★★★★)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.accentsB.acquireC.boundariesD.fulfillE.guidelinesF.liberally

G.preciselyH.priorityI.prospectJ.scheduleK.suspectFindYourLife’sWorkEveryonehastheirownlifevalues.Youwonderwhatyourvocationisandwhereyoucouldsuccessfully11yourpotential?Herearesometips.●TurnPassionintoProfitDonot12thisstatement:findsomethingyoulikeandyouwon’thavetoworkaday.Thereisnobetter13thangettinggoodmoneyforyourhobby.So,thinkaboutwhatyoureallyliketodoevenforfree.Evenifyouonlylovetoplayonlinegamesandtastedeliciousfood,youcangoforcookingortasting,gamedevelopmentorgointoe-sports,startathematicblog—asyoucansee,therearealotofoptions.●ImagineanIdealWorldAnotherwaytounderstandwhatismostimportanttoyouistoreflectonwhatanidealworldshouldlooklike.Perhapsyourpurposeis14tobringtherealworldclosertothisidealimage.Don’tlimityourselfto15.Letgooffantasyandletyourselfjustdream.Writedownanythoughtsthatcometomind.Payattentiontoallthedetailsand16,andthenthinkabouthowtotranslatethemintoreality.●RecallYourBestMomentsTodetermineyourtop17,thinkaboutthemomentsinwhichyouexperiencedthegreatestjoy.Whathasgivenyouthemostsatisfactioninthepast?Takealittletimeandrememberallthetimeswhenyouweresincerelyglad.So,youwillunderstandwhatyourmain18areatthisstageoflife.●CreateaRoadmapYou’veidentifiedyourgoals.Now,developadetailedplan,likedrawingamapfromyourcurrentlifetoyourdesiredfuture.FindthebestroutefrompointAtopointB.Thinkaboutwhatskillsyouneedto19andwhatdailyhabitsareworthaddingtoyourlife.Themorespecificpointsyouputonthemap,theeasieritwillbeto20themandstartmovingtowardsyourgoal.三、完形填空(★★★★)InIndonesia,researchersrecentlycapturedaremarkablebehavioronvideo.AwildapenamedRakus,withadeepwoundonhischeek,wasseen_______akindofleaves,chewingthemup,andapplyingthemtohisinjury.Surprisingly,thewoundhealedwithoutinfection.Studiesrevealthattheseplantshavemedicalproperties,whichlikely_______hisrecovery.Rakus’sactionsdemonstrateadeepunderstandingofbotany—aknowledgeofplantsfewhumans_______today.Althoughourcollectiveknowledgeofplantsciencegrows,individual_______ofplantsisdeclining.Inmodernlife,whilewestilldependonplantsforsurvival,fewerpeoplefinditnecessarytoknowmuchaboutthem_______.Mostofusrelyonbotaniststoidentifyandunderstandplants,trustingtheirexpertise(专门知识)toensureourwellbeing.However,thenumberofprofessionalbotanistsisshrinking,andthis_______hasraisedconcernswithinthefield.TheNationalCenterforEducationStatisticssoundedanearlyalarmin2015,notingthatthenumberofbotanydegreesawardedintheUnitedStateshadfallenbelow400.Whilethatnumberhassince_______slightly,with489degreesawardedin2023,thenumberofinstitutionsofferingbotanydegreescontinuestodecline,from76in2002to59in2023.“BotanyPhDsaredisappearing,”saysKathrynParsley,abiologistwhofocusesonplantsbutdidn’tpursueabotanydegreeduetolimited_______.Fundingshiftsareaprimaryfactorleadingtobotany’sdecline.TheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),_______,hasmoveditsfundingprioritiesawayfromtraditionalbotany,________appliedscienceswitheconomicpotential.This________impactsuniversityfundingdecisions,leadingmanyschoolstoreduceoreliminatebotanyprograms.Thedeclining________inbotanyisfurtherdrivenby“plantblindness,”aphenomenonwherepeopleignoreplantsintheirenvironment,failingtorecognizetheirimportance.IntheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdom,asbotanyprofessorsretire,theyareoftennot________,leavingagapinplantexpertise.This________couldbecomeapressingissue,particularlyinsectorslikeecologicalrestoration,whereplantidentificationskillsarecrucial.Whilesomebotanistsbelievethefieldisevolvingratherthandisappearing,thedemandforplantknowledgeremainscritical.Proposedlegislation,suchastheBotanyBillintheU.S.,seekstopreserveplantexpertise.________,thechallengeofmaintainingessentialplantskillspersists,highlightingtheurgentneedtorecognizeandaddressthevalueofbotany.21.A．coveringB．absorbingC．harvestingD．skipping22.A．accountedforB．putoffC．tookonD．resultedfrom23.A．reviseB．enhanceC．subscribeD．possess24.A．samplingB．understandingC．occupationD．organization25.A．personallyB．originallyC．naturallyD．joyfully26.A．greedB．traditionC．impressionD．trend27.A．enduredB．stimulatedC．recoveredD．discounted28.A．editionB．availabilityC．researchD．conservation29.A．forinstanceB．forsureC．incaseD．ontheotherhand30.A．channelingB．equippingC．favoringD．blocking31.A．entryB．combinationC．comparisonD．shift32.A．interestB．emergenceC．intentionD．evidence33.A．invitedB．replacedC．registeredD．involved34.A．launchB．shortageC．motiveD．pattern35.A．HenceB．MoreoverC．MeanwhileD．Nevertheless四、阅读理解(★★★)SummerhillThisisastoryofamodernschool—Summerhill.Summerhillbeganasanexperimentalschool.Itisnolongersuch;itisnowademonstrationschool,foritdemonstratesthatfreedomworks.WhenmywifeandIbegantheschool,wehadonemainphilosophy:tomaketheschoolfitthechild—insteadofmakingthechildfittheschool.Obviously,aschoolthatmakesactivechildrensitatdesksstudyingmostlyuselesssubjectsisabadschool.Itisagoodschoolonlyforthosewhobelieveinsuchaschool,forthoseuncreativecitizenswhowantobedient,uncreativechildrenwhowillfitintoacivilizationwhosestandardofsuccessisfameandfortune.Ihadtaughtinordinaryschoolsformanyyears.Iknewtheotherwaywell.Iknewitwasallwrong.Itwaswrongbecauseitwasbasedonanadultconceptionofwhatachildshouldbeandofhowachildshouldlearn.Well,wesetouttomakeaschoolinwhichweshouldallowchildrenfreedomtobethemselves.Inordertodothis,wehadtoabandonalldisciplines,alldirections,allsuggestions,allmoraltraining,andallreligiousinstructions.Wehavebeencalledbrave,butitdidnotrequirecourage.Allitrequiredwaswhatwehad—acompletebeliefinthechildasagood,notanevil,being.Myviewisthatachildisbornwiseandrealistic.Iflefttohimselfwithoutadultsuggestionsofanykind,hewilldevelopasfarasheiscapableofdeveloping.Logically,Summerhillisaplaceinwhichpeoplewhohavetheinherentabilityandwishtobescholarswillbescholars;whilethosewhoareonlyfittosweepthestreetswillsweepthestreets.Butwehavenotproducedastreetcleanersofar.NordoIwritethissnobbishly(势利的),forIwouldratherseeaschoolproduceahappystreetcleanerthanananxiousscholar.36.Accordingtothepassage,whatwastheprimaryideabehindstartingSummerhillSchool?

A．Toensurestudentsbecomehappyscholars.B．Tofocusonmoralandreligiousinstructions.C．Tomaketheschooladapttotheneedsofeachchild.D．Tomakechildrensuitablefortheexistingsocialsystem.37.ThefoundersofSummerhillSchoolbelievethatchildren________.

A．needstrictdisciplinetobesuccessfulB．arenaturallywiseandrealisticC．shouldfocusprimarilyonreligiouseducationD．aremorecreativewithadultguidance38.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A．SummerhillSchoolusesauniqueeducationalapproachcenteredongivingchildrenfreedom.B．SummerhillSchoolbelieveseverychildhasthepotentialtobecomeasuccessfulscholar.C．SummerhillSchoolrejectsstrictdisciplineandfocusesonachild-centeredenvironment.D．SummerhillSchoolchallengesthetraditionalmodelbyemphasizingchildren'sindependence.39.Whydoestheauthormentionpreferringa“happystreetcleaner”toan“anxiousscholar”?

A．Toencouragestudentstoavoidbecomingworriedscholars.B．Toemphasizethatstreetcleanersarehappierthanscholars.C．Tohighlighttheimportanceofastress-freeandenrichinglife.D．TodemonstratethatSummerhillcareslessaboutacademicachievements.(★★★)Thefollowingtextsexploredifferentperspectivesonthetopicofreducingworkhours.Asyouread,considertheargumentsandevidencepresentedtounderstandthecomplexitiesofthisissue.

“Reducingworkhourscanactuallyboostproductivity.Studiesshowthatemployeeswitha4-dayworkweekaremorefocusedandefficient.Withfewerhours,workersspendlesstimeonnon-productiveactivities,experiencinglessburnoutandhigherjobsatisfaction.Thetraditional40-hourworkweekisoutdated;itdoesn’tfitwithtoday’sfast-pacedworkenvironmentsormentalhealthneeds.Companiesimplementingshorterweekshaveseenuptoa20%increaseinproductivity,indicatingthatqualityoftensurpassesquantity.”Dr.MariaThompson,BehavioralEconomist“Cuttingworkhourssoundsappealing,butit’snotfeasibleacrossallindustries.Somesectors,likehealthcareandmanufacturing,requireconstantcoverage.Reducinghourscouldleadtostaffshortages,increasedcosts,andaheavierworkloadforremainingemployees.Noteveryjoborpersonfitsintoareduced-hoursmodel.Whiletheremaybeproductivitygainsinspecificcases,generalizingthisapproachcouldharmoverallworkforcestabilityandprofitability.Wemustconsiderbotheconomicrealitiesandthevaryingneedsacrossindustries.”ProfessorJohnBaker,LaborRelationsExpert“Thedebateovershorterworkweekshasbecomeahottopic,withadvocatespointingtomentalhealthandproductivitybenefits,whileopponentswarnofpracticalandeconomicchallenges.Whilethe4-dayworkweekworksforsome,itmaynotbeaone-size-fits-allsolution.Abalancebetweenflexibleschedulesandorganizationalneedsmayultimatelyofferthebestpathforward.”CommentaryfromIndustryJournalWorkforceWeekly40.WhatisthemainargumentpresentedbyDr.MariaThompson?

A．Employeeswithshorterworkweeksarelessproductive.B．Thetraditional40-hourworkweekisstillhighlyeffective.C．Reducingworkhourscanincreaseefficiencyandjobsatisfaction.D．Shorterworkhourscanleadtoincreasedburnoutandinefficiency.41.WhatconcerndoesProfessorJohnBakerraiseaboutreducingworkhours?

A．Itwilldecreaseproductivityacrossallindustries.B．Itmayleadtohigherexpensesandstaffshortage.C．Employeeswillbegrantedtoomuchfreetime.D．Thementalhealthofemployeeswillworsen.42.Basedonthetexts,whymightsomecompaniesresistadoptinga4-dayworkweek?

A．Theyareconcerneditcouldreduceoverallproductivity.B．Theybelieveallemployeespreferatraditionalschedule.C．Theyfeelitunnecessarygivencurrentmentalhealthtrends.D．Theyworryitwon’tworkforindustriesrequiringconstantstaffing.(★★★★)Arthasalwaysoccupiedaspecialplaceinsociety.Manypeopleconsiderartiststobetheultimateauthoritiesonthenatureandexpressionofbeauty.Formuchofhistory,thepracticeofartwasmysterious,andartistswereviewedasbeingsomewhatoddandoftenmad.Eventhewordmostcommonlyassociatedwithartists—inspiration—hasitsownmagicalqualities.Literally,“inspiration”isthebreathinginofaspirit.Artistswerethoughtofaspeoplewhowereuniquelyinspiredtocreate.Ofcourse,artistscontributedtothismythology(神话).Manyartistscreditedtheirtalentstothepresenceofsomesupernaturalpower.Wholemovementsofarthavecenteredonthesupposedlyotherworldlynatureofart.Forexample,theRomanticpoetsbelievedthatartwasatermthatmeantanultimateexpressionofbeautyandtruth.Thesearchforthisidealledthemtoexplorebothnaturalandsupernaturalthemesintheirworks.Anotherpersistentviewofartregardeditsdivorcefromlogic.Reasonandlogicweretheprovinceofscientistsandphilosophers,whereascreativityandinsightweretheareaoftheartists.Thetwoseparateaspectsofthemindweresupposedtoremaindistinct.Butin1704,amajorbreakthroughoccurred.SirIsaacNewton,mathematicianandphysicist,publishedhisstudyoflight,Opticks.OneofNewton’smajordiscoverieswasonthenatureofcolor.Usingaprism(棱镜),Newtonfoundthatwhitelightisactuallycomposedofallthecolorsoftherainbow.Heevenprovidedascientificexplanationforthepresenceofrainbows.Theartisticcommunitywasshocked.Ascientisthadtakenabeautifulandmagicalexperienceandreducedittothesimplerefractionofbeamsoflightthroughtheprismofaraindrop.Ascientisthadventuredintotheirsacredterritory.Morethanahundredyearslater,JohnKeats,oneofthemostfamousRomanticpoets,accusedNewtonofreducingbeautyby“unweavingtherainbow.”Hiscolleague,SamuelTaylorColeridge,famouslyremarkedthatthesoulsoffivehundredNewtonswouldbeneededtomakeoneShakespeare.Andyet,fromanotherperspective,Newtondidnotreducethebeautyoftherainbow;heenhancedit.Inhissearchtouncoverthesecretsoftherainbow,Newtondemonstratedthewonder,creativity,andinspirationofanartist.Healsogavetheworldanotheropportunitytoexperiencethesublime(绝妙).Newton’sdiscoverypavedthewayforthedevelopmentofthescienceofspectroscopy,awayofanalyzingthechemicalmakeupoflight.Nowscientistscanlookatthestarsandknowtheircomposition.Thesenseofwonderthisabilitycreatesisnotmuchdifferentfromthewonderthepoetorartistfeelswhenstaringatthosesamestars.43.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthecommonviewofartistsinhistory?

A．Artistswereconsideredlogicalandrational.B．Artistswereseenasinspiredandsomewhatstrange.C．Artistswereprimarilyfocusedonscientificdiscovery.D．Artistswerethoughttobewithoutanysupernaturalbeliefs.44.HowdidtheRomanticpoetsreacttoNewton’sdiscoveryaboutlightandcolor?

A．Theybelieveditaddedanewdimensiontotheappreciationofbeauty.B．TheycreditedNewton’sinsightstomysticalinfluences.C．Theywereinspiredtointegratemorescientificthemesintheirpoetry.D．Theyfeltitfadedthepoeticbeautyofnaturalphenomena.45.WhydoestheauthormentionJohnKeats’andSamuelTaylorColeridge’sviewsonIsaacNewton?

A．Toemphasizethesuperiorcreativityofpoetsoverscientists.B．Tohighlighttheimpactofscientificdiscoveriesonartisticperception.C．TostatethatShakespeare’sknowledgeofbeautywasunmatched.D．ToshowthatRomanticpoetsobjectedtoscientificprogress.46.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A．TheArtisticInterpretationofScienceB．TheContrastbetweenArtandLogicsC．TheInterplayofArtandScienceD．IsaacNewton’sInfluenceonArts(★★)LittleMissMozartAn11-year-oldBritishcomposerearnedcomparisonswithMozartafterheroperaopenedinViennatoenthusiasticapplause.AlmaDeutscher,wholivedinSurreywithherparents,wasalreadyworld-famousasaviolinistandpianistbeforeherfirstfull-lengthoperamadeitsfirstperformanceontheAustrianstage.47CinderellawasacomposerwhomDeutscherdescribedas“abitlikeme”.DeutschersaidmuchofthemusicalinspirationbehindCinderellaandothercompositionscamewhenhermindwaselsewhere.DuringaninterviewwithNBC’sTodayshow,sheexplainedthattryingtocreatebeautifulmelodiesondemandoftenresultedinablankmind.48Theoperaistwoandahalfhourslongwiththemusicalscorerunningto237pages.49Deutschersaidtheprincehavingtoaskwhosefootwouldfittheslipperdidn’tmakemuchsense.Lotsofpeoplemighthavethesamesizedfoot,butonlyonepersoncouldhavewrittenthatmelody.ConductorSimonRattledeclaredhewas“absolutelybowledover”whenhefirstsawherperform,butitwasStephenFrywhofirstpredictedthatDeutschercouldbethisgeneration’sMozart,afterwatchingavideoofherperformingonline.50Shesaid,“IloveMozartverymuch.He’sprobablymyfavouritecomposer,butIdon’treallylikeitwhenpeoplecallme‘LittleMissMozart’becauseIdon’tlikebeingcalled‘little’.I’mverybig,andsecondly,ifIjustwroteeverythingMozartwroteagainitwouldbeboring.”

A．However,itisnotacomparisonthatthe11-year-oldisparticularlykeenon.B．Interestingly,itwasoftenduringunexpectedmomentsthatabeautifulmelodysuddenlycametoher.C．Deutscher’smostambitiousworkhasenabledtheaudiencetoseehertalent.D．Insteadoftheglassslipperofthefairytale,theprincelooksforalostmelodyhecannotquiteremember.E．TheworkreinventedtheCinderellafairytaletobesetinanoperahouseruledbyameanstepmother.F．Shenevergotnervousonstage,asshewasjusthappythatpeoplewantedtolistentohermusic.五、书面表达(★★★★)51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ThePriceofWinningFourteen-year-oldAngussitsonthebench,watchinghisbaseballteamplay.He’soutofthegamebecausehemadeamistake.Forhiscoach,that'sunacceptable—mistakesdon’twingames.Butformostteens,thefocusonwinningisn’tasimportant.Inarecentstudy,90%ofteenagerssaidtheywouldratherplayandlosethansitonthesidelinesandnotplayatall.Forthem,sportsareaboutfun,learning,andbeingpartofateam.However,formanycoachesandparents,winningiseverything,andtheyexpectperfectionfromyoungplayers.Unfortunately,thispressuretowindrivesmanykidsawayfromorganizedsportsearlyon.Incompetitiveevents,nearlyeveryactionaplayermakesisexamined.Parentsandcoachesconstantlyshoutinstructions,sometimesyellingatkidsforerrorsormissedshots.Thisintenseenvironmentdoesn’tletkidsmaketheirownchoicesorlearnfromtheirmistakes.Insteadofenjoyingthegame,youngplayersfeelwatchedandjudgedeverysecond.Theylosethefreedomtoexploretheirabilitiesanddevelopnaturallyasathletesandindividuals.Theemphasisonwinningcreatesdeeperissues,too.Manykidsfeelanxiousbecausethey’reonlypraisedforscoringgoalsorwinningraces,notfortryinghardorimproving.Overtime,thisfocusonresultscanharmtheirself-confidence,especiallyifthey’reoftenbenched.Theystarttobelievethey’reon