2024北京高三一模英语汇编：七选五

2024北京高三一模英语汇编

七选五

一、阅读理解

（2024北京门头沟高三一模）Morethanaquarterhavetoenlargethefontsizeontheirmobilephonesothey

canreaditclearly.]Meanwhile,28%regularlysquint（昧眼看）atthescreen.Andallofthenaresignsof

eyedisorder.

“Theresearchhasshownoureyesarcnotdesignedtobefixedonasingleobjectforalongtime,especially

smallerlaptopsorsmartdevices.2Evenworse,staringatthescreenconstantlycanleadtodryeye

syndrome,“saysGilesEdmonds,aclinicalservicedirector.

Dryeyesyndromeisaconditionwheretheeyesdonotmakeenoughtears,orthetearsevaporatetooquickly.

Herearesomesimplesolutionstopreventeyestrainandirritation,andpreserveyoureyehealthoverall.

Restyoureyes.

Followthe20:20:20rule,lookingupfromyourscreenevery20minutesandlookatsomething20feetawayfor

atleast20seconds.3Itinturnreduceseyetiredness.

Adjustyourworkstation.

Changeyourscreensettingstoensurethatthebrightnessandcontrastarebalancedcorrectly,aswellasmaking

fon:slarger.Also,bemindfulofhowyourworkstationispositioned.Adjustyourscreenensuringitis15——20degrees

beloweyelevelandaround50-70cmawayfromtheeyes.4

Reduceglare（眩光）.

5.Tryreducingthisbyattachingananti-glarescreentoyourmonitororlaptoptoavoidexternallight

shiningontothescreen.Glasseswearerscanalsohavelensestreatedwithananti-glarecoating.

A.Peopleshouldtrytoreducethetimespentonthescreen.

B.Onecanreadhisfavoritepaperbooksinsteadofc-books.

C.Haltconfessthey'reforcedtoenlargeimagestoseethemclearly.

D.Anotherthingtofbcusonistomakesureyourroomisproperlylit.

E.Lookingintothedistancehelpsrelaxthefocusingmusclesofyoureyes.

F.Reflectionsonyourcomputerscreencancauseglareandleadtoeyefatigue.

G.Theymayfeeluncomfortable,painful,tiredandevenstarttoitch（发痒）orburn.

（2024北京延庆高三一模）Doyouwanttobeacognitivesupcragerwhenyouareold?Justasyoutakesteps

towardsafuture-proofingbody,youcanenhanceyourbrain'sresiliencetoagc-rclatcddiseasebyboostingcognitive

reserve.

AndrewSommerlad,anassociateprofessorofpsychiatry,discoversthepowerofcognitivereserveinstudiesof

olderpeoplewhoshowsignsofAlzheimer's（B可尔兹海默症）intheirbrains.6Actually,threeyearsago,

colleaguesofSommerladhadalsopublishedfindingsfromStudyofAgeing.Theyshowedthathigherlevelsof

cognitivereserveareassociatedwithlowerlevelsofdementia.

7Thestrongcognitivereserveishelpfultostaveoffsymptomsofbrainchangesassociatednotjust

withdementiabutwithotherbraindiseases.Italsohelpsyoutofunctionbetterforlongerwhenfacingunexpected

lifeeventsasyougetolder.

Howdoyouimproveit?Theyoungeryouimplementthingsthatwillbolsterit,thebetter.Forexample,youcan

dotasksthatchallengesyourbrainability,likecrosswords,reading,givingimpromptuspeechandcriticalthinking.

8So,domind-bodypracticeslikeyoga,TaiChiormeditationtoreducestressisalsoimportant.Thiscanhelp

youbalancetheperiodsofmentaldemandandrelaxation.

9ideally,seventoninehoursisoptimalforenhancingcognitivereserve.Startbyimprovingyoursleep

hygienewithstepssuchasavoidingelectronicscreens.

Cognitivereserveisdevelopedthroughalifetimeofeducation,curiosityandpersistence.10

A.Ilseffectsarewidereaching.

B.Additionally,maintainregularsleeppatterns.

C.Soplanaheadtomakesureyoukeepcognitivelybusyandengaged!

D.Therearewaysyoucanimprovesleep,fbrbothyoungandoldpeople.

E.Itsuggeststhatdevelopingagoodcognitiveresenecanbepowerfullyprotective.

F.However,thinkingtoohardfortoolongmaywearyouout,hurtingcognitivereserve.

G.Theycopebetterwithpathological（病理上的）changes,thehighertheirpowersofcognitivereserve.

（2024北京东城高三一模）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选

项中有两项为多余选项。

Today,whatwehave,isanalways-in-your-pockct,24/7newscycle.Whenyouopenanewsapp,you'llnoticea

briefmomentwhenthe"oldnews"isstillthere.Inaflash,theancienthistoryofafewhoursagoissweptawayfor

thenext"breakingnews".11It'sendless,butyouhadbetterkeepup.

Researchersintroducethisworldtothephrase,"noisebottleneck".Anoisebottleneckiswhereweare

ovenvhelmedwithsomuchinformationornoisethatourcognitive（认知的）abilitiescan'tkeepup.12

Thus,whileourattentioncanwatchhours,ofvideos,ourlong-termlearningprocessescant

13WewatchTVholdingourphones,andwelistentomusicwhileshopping.However,thehumanbrain

mighthavestructurallimitationrootedinthecognitivearchitecturewhichcausestheslowingdownthatoccurswhen

twotasksarcperformedatthesametime.

Inshort,yourbrainisnotasgoodasyouthinkitis.Youareahumanbeingwhocanonlytakeinsomuchaday.

Understandingthenoisebottleneckallowsustofixit.So,herearcthreetipstogetyougoing:

Clearyourcontent-setupanewaccountonsocialmediaandfollowonlyaccountsorpeoplethatyouthinkare

reallyvaluable.

Single-task-youdon'tneedtoridthephonebutdorid（hedistractions.14Say,"Iwillonlyreadthis

magazineafterdinner.Multitaskingisforshew：single-taskingkforpros.

Acceptyourlimits-yon'llneverreadallthenews.Acceptyoucanonlychoosetwoorthreeandembracethat

fact.15You'regettingmoreoutofthosefew（han（hat^super-productive"persononsocialmediawhosays

theyreadfivebooksaweek.Afterall,it'sbettertohavealittlerememberedthanalotforgotten.

A.Giveyourselfatimelimitorrestrictionifithelps.

B.Don'tbeatyourselfupthatyou'rebeingunproductive.

C.Everysecond,youarepresentedwithnewinformation.

D.Breakingthroughthenoisebottleneckisalegendaryidea.

E.Themailerismadeworsebyourmodernaddiction（omultiia5king.

F.Multitaskinghasdramaticallychangedthewayweuseinformation.

G.Ourbrainshavelimitediesources,spreadacrossnumerousfunctions.

（2024北京西城高三一模）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选

项中有两项为多余选项。

Mostofusareactuallyterribleatgivinggifts.About$70billionworthofpresentsarereturnedeveryyearinthe

U.S.16Herearethreewaystoimproveyourgift-givinggamearoundtheholidays.

Stoptryingtomakeyourgiftssodelightful.17Wewantsomethingfromgiving:thoselooksofdelight.

Thoseexclamations.Thisiswhyitemslikehyper-specifickitchengadgetsandfancyvintageclocksallseemlike

famasticgifts.Buiitturnsout,recipientsoftenwantthingsthatarefarmorepractical-thingstheycanactuallyuse.

18Justgivepeoplewhattheyaskfor.AstudylookedatAmazonwishliststodetermineifpeoplewere

moreappreciativeofgiftsfromthelistversusgiftsthatweretotalsurprises.Itturnedoutthatpeoplewhogotgifts

thatweren'tontheirlistconsideredthemaslessthoughtfulandlesspersonal.19

Howcanwecreateagift-givingplanthatisasemotionalaswedesire?Humanslovetofeelconnected.Andone

waywedothatisbysharinginterestswithothers.Soifyouwanttolearnhowtogivebettergifts,putyourselfinthe

recipient'sshoesandtrytothinkofsomethingyoubothshare.Maybeit'stheloveforasport,drinkingwine,orsome

otherhobby.20Andbecauseyoupickedsomethingyoushare,theywillfeelmoreconnectedtoyouand

appicvialcyuuigiftmuic.

A.Sohowdowcgetlessterrible?

B.Surpriseisoverrated-we'rehappiertogetwhatweaskfor.

C.Sowhat'sthemostpracticalgiftyoucangivethatpeoplemightactuallybegratefulfor?

D.Thelong-termpleasureofthereceivermaynotbeobservedandthereforeisdiscounted.

E.Onceyou'vefoundasharedinterest,goandfindausefulgiftrelatedtothisinterest.

F.Whatrecipientscareaboutishowmuchvaluethey'regoingtogetfromthegiftoveralongert:meperiod.

G.Researchhasshownthatgiversareconsumedbythemomentofunwrappingagiftevenmorsthanthegift

itself.

（2024北京石景山高三一模i根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，

选项中有两项为多余选项。

About40%adultsand19%childrenintheUSareobese（肥胖的）.Obesepeoplearealincreasedriskof

manyseriousdiseases,includinghighbloodpressureandheartdisease.21Ifyouaresufferingfromthese,

here'sawayoflosingweightthatyoucantry.

Dietary"self-monitoring"isacommonstrategy.Itinvolvesrecordingwhattheyconsume,andhowmuch.The

theoryisthatwhenthinkingofwhatyouputinyourbody,you'llmakehealthierdecisions.22Ihere'sno

doubtthatdietaryself-monitoringhasbeenshowntohelploseweight.However,notmuchisknownabouthow

longthistakesorhowoftenitshouldbedone.

23Recently,researchersstudiedobeseindividualsinotherwisegoodhealthwhoparticipatedina24-

wcckweightcontrolprogram...Theyrecordedtheirdailydietaryintakeusinganonlineprogram.Thefindings

demonstratedihatpeoplewhocontinuedtorecord（heirfoodintakedailyfor24weekslostmoreweightcompared

tothosewhoquitnotingtheirintake.Peoplewholostatleast10%oftheirweightrecordedtheirfoodintakeabout

3timesaday.24Researchersnotedpeoplemighthavegreatersuccesswithweightlossiftheyrecorded

theirdietaryintakeaboutthreetimesaday,ratherthanrecordingalloftheirmealsinonesitting.

Agoodpiincipletofollowmaybe"writewhenyoubite".Dietaryself-monitoringcanbeperformedin

differentways—usinganonlineprogram,usingapencilorusingsmart-phoneapplications.25

A.Canitreallybethateasy?

B.Itisimportanttofindwhatv/orksforyou.

C.Thus,long-termweightlosstakestimeandeffort.

D.Theriskfactorsthatdetermineobesitycanbecomplex.

E.Incomparison,thosewhorecordedlessdailylostlessweight.

F.Obesityisalsoassociatedvvi:halowerlifequalityandpoormentalhealth.

G.Studyshowsthemoreoftenyoulogyoureating,themoreweightyoumightlose.

（2024北京丰台高三一模）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中

有两项为多余选项。

“Findyourpassion!”Whendiscussingfuturecareeroptionsorselectingamajorincollege,yourparentsoften

saythis.Theveryexpressionismeanttoinspire.Butisitgoodadvice?

“Finding"apassionimpliesthatitalreadyexistsandissimplywaitingtobediscovered.Unfortunately,this

ideaisnotwhatsciencetellsus.26

Tustudythis,icscaiuhcisUJ>CafiamcwuikuL'flxcd''and"giuwlh“iniiidscls.Theyaigucdialciiuouiaging

peopleto“find”theirpassionmaycausethemtoeventuallybelievethatinterestsandpassionsarcinbornand

relativelyunchangeable.27Incontrast,peoplewhoviewinterestsandpassionsasdevelopedhavea

growthmindsetofinterest.

Researchershaverevealedthatafixedmindsetofinterestcandecreasecreativity.Ifpeoplebelievetheyare

limitedtoonlyafewinborninterestsand,inconsequence,donotexploreotherareas,theymaymissseeing

importantconnectionsacrossdomains.28

Evidently,peoplecandoaloltoembraceagrowthmindsetofinterest.First,realize（hatyourinterestsand

passionsaren'tpre-existing.Takeanactiveroleindevelopingyourpassions.Second,practisepositiveself-talk.

Whenyoulackinterestinanewtask,payattentiontoyourinnerdialogue.29Forexample,change'Tmnot

interestedinthis''tonotinterestedinthisyet,butIknowthatinterestcandevelopwithtimeandengagement.”

30Butagrowthmindsetofinterestwillhelpyouremainopenandcurious.Thesciencetellsuswe

shouldworktowardlovingwhatwedo.Wcmightbecomemorecrea:iveandresilientasaresult.

A.Socanagrowthmindsetofinterestbetaught?

B.Insteadpassions,likeinterests,arcdeveloped.

C.Peoplewhothinkthishaveafixedmindsetofinterest.

D.Ofcourse,noteveryactivitywillbecomeaburningpassion.

E.Assuch,seeinginterestsasfixedlimitstheircreativepotential.

F.Don'texpectthatpursuingnewinterestswillalwaysbeeasyorexciting.

G.Replaceself-criticalthoughtswithpositiveonesthatencouragegrowthandlearning.

参考答案

1.C2.G3.E4.D5.F

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了长时间使用小屏幕设备对眼睛造成的危害，并提供了一些预

防眼睛疲劳和刺激、保护眼睛健康的简单方法。

1.根据空前“Morethanaquarterliavetoenlargethefontsizeontheirmobilephonesotheycanreaditclearly.

（超过四分之一的人不得不把手机上的字体放大，这样才能看得清楚）”以及空后“Meanwhile,28%regularly

squinl（昧眼看）althescreen.（与此同时，28%的人经常眯着眼睛看屏幕）“可知，空前空后都是“Andallof

themaresignsofeyedisorder.（这些者B是眼部疾病的征》K。）“。选项C**Halfconfessthey'reforcedtoenlarge

imagestoseethemcIcarly.（一半的人承认他们被迫放大图像才能看得清楚）”与空前空后内容相一致，指的都

是眼部疾病的征兆。故选C。

2.根据空后内容'正venworse,staringatthescreenconstantlycanleadtodryeyesyndrome（更糟糕的是，一直

盯着屏幕会导致干眼症）''可推测，空处指的应该是盯着屏幕会给眼睛带来损伤。选项G-Theymayfeel

uncomfortable,painful,tiredandevenstarttoitch（发痒）orburn.（他们可能会感到不舒服、疼痛、疲倦,甚至

开始发痒或灼烧）''与下文内容一致，指的都是长时间盯着屏幕会让眼睛受损。故选G。

3.根据空前内容“FoHowthe20:20:20nile,lookingupfromyourscreenevery20minutesandlookatsomething

20feetawayfbratleast20seconds.（遵循20:20:20规则,每20分钟从屏幕上抬起头，看向20英尺以外的地

方至少20秒）”可知，此处具体介绍可以遵循的用眼规则。选项Et4Lookingintothedistancehelpsrelaxthe

focusingmusclesofyoureyes.（看远处有助于放松眼睛的聚焦肌肉）"是」二文内容的自然延续，指的是看远处

可以放松眼睛的聚焦肌肉，同时引出下文“Itinturnreduceseyetiredness.（从而减少眼睛疲劳）故选E。

4.根据上文内容“Changeyourscreensettingstoensurethatthebrightnessandcontrastarebalancedcorrectly,as

wellasmakingfontslarger.Also,bemindfulofhowyourworkstationispositioned.Adjustyourscreenensuringit

is15-20degreesbeloweyelevelandaround50-70cmawayfromtheeyes.（更改屏幕设置以确保亮度和对比度

正确平衡，并使字体更大。此外，要注意工作站的位置。调整你的屏幕，确保它比眼睛低15—20度，离

眼睛大约50—70厘米厂可知，上文提到了调整工作站，包括调整屏幕的位置和亮度等，而合适的照明环境

也是保护眼睛的重要因素之一。选项DllAnothcrthingtofocusonistomakesureyourroomisproperlylit.（另

一件需要注意的事情是确保你的房间光线充足）”提醒读者还要注意照明环境，以全面保护眼睛健康，与本

段内容相符。故选D。

5.根据小标题“Reduceglare（眩光）（减少炫光）”可知，本段建议我们要减少炫光。选项『Reflectionsonyour

computerscreencancauseglareandleadtoeyefatigue.（电脑屏幕上的反光会引起眩光，导致眼睛疲劳）”提到

了电脑屏幕引起的眩光问题，从市自然引出下文“Tryreducingthisbyattachingananti-glarescreentoyour

monitororlaptoptoavoidexternallightshiningontothescreen.（试着在你的显示器或笔记本电脑上安装一个防

眩光屏幕，以避免外部光线照射到屏幕上。广，以与本段内容相一致。故选F。

6.G7.A8.F9.B10.C

【导语】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是我们可以过增强认知储各来增强大脑对与年龄有关的疾病的抵御能

力。

6.

根据空后的"Theyshowedthathigherlevelsofcognitivereserveareassociatedwithlowerlevelsofdemeniia.（他们

发现，认知储备水平越高，痴呆症的发病率就越低）“可知，研究人员发现认知储备水平越高，痴呆症的发病

率就越低。选项G"Theycopebetterwithpathological（病理上的）changes,thehighertheirpowersofcognitive

（他们的认知能力越强，就能更好地应对病理性变化）”与下文内容保持一致，指的是当有阿尔茨海默氏症迹

象的老年人认知能力越强，就能更好地应对病理性变化。故选G。

7.

空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Thestrongcognitivereserveishelpfultostaveoffsymptoms

ofbrainchangesassociatednotjustwith