职称英语 卫生类 A级 完形填空 阅读理解 考试押题 版

+第十四篇AHealthProfileAHealthprofileisaportraitofallofthefactorsthatinfluenceyourhealth．Todrawyourhealthprofile，youwill1whatdiseasesruninyourfamily，whathealthhazardsyoumaybeexposedto2work,owyourdaily3comparestotherecommendedstandards，hownluchtimeperweekyou4exercisingandwhattypeofexerciseyouengage5,howstressfulyourworkandfamilyenvironmentsare，whatkindsofillnessesyougetregularly,and6ornotyouhaveanyoneofanumberofaddictions.7thisportrait,youshouldhaveacheckuptodeterminehowyourblood，heart，andlungsarefunctioning.Thischeckupwillserve8abaseline,towhichyoucanthencomparelatertests．9thisprofileisthoroughlydrawn，youcanbegintothinkaboutsettinghealthprioritiesbased10yourparticularportrait．Forexample，ifyoudrinktwomartiniseveryevening,haveahigh-stress11,areoverweight，smokeapackofcigarettesaday,andusemarijuanaoccasionallyonweekends，youshouldquitsmokingfirst，followed12losingtheexcessweight，reducingthestressofyourjob，givingupyourmarihuanahabit，andthenfinallygiveingsome13tothosemartinisifyouwanttopreventfirstcancer，andthenheartdisease．Evenfortheyouthfulworkingpersonwhohasneverbeensickadayinhislife,whois14excellenthealth．agoodlookatallhealthhabitsandatworkandhomeenvironmentsmaysuggestchangesthatwill15himinthefuture．练习：1.AknowBhaveknownCneedknowDneedtoknow2.AwithBinConDat3.AdietBmealsCfoodDdinner4.AuseBdevoteCspendDtake5.AonBinCwithDabout6.AifBwhetherCeitherDneither7.ATocompleteBCompletingCCompletionDTobecompleted8.AasBforConDabout9.AUnlessBOnceCIfDAlthough10.AaroundBwithCaboutD0n11.AworkBtaskCjobDplace12.AonBwithCafterDby13.AthoughtBideaCthinkingDtalk14.AforBinCwithDon15.AreapBharvestCbenefitDlead+第十五篇LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYearsAhundredyearsago，lifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47:intheearly21stcentury,menintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74.Womentoabout80,andthese_____l_____arerisingallthetime.Whathasbrought_____2_____thesechanges?Whenwelookatthelife_____3_____ofpeoplel00yearsago,weneedtolookatthegreatest_____4_____ofthetime.Intheearly20thcentury,theseweretheacuteandoften_____3_____infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothers,andtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatrisk.Inthe_____6_____worldthesediseasesarefar_____7_____today,andinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberof_____8_____haveledtothis:improvementsinsanitationandhygiene,thediscoveryanduseofantibiotics,which_____9_____bacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerous,andvaccinations_____l0_____commondiseases._____11_____,people'sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment:cleanerair,bettermeansofpreservingfood，betterandwarmerhousing，andbetterunderstandingofnutrition.Genetically，weshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85but_____l2_____peopledolivelongertoday,therearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingUSfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnesses,suchasheartdiseaseandstrokes,andthose_____l3_____byviruses,suchasinfluenzaandAIDSl.Ofcourse,cancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffect_____l4_____people,butthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesity_____l5_____moreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages.Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas"lifestylediseases"，whichmeansthatitmaybepossibletohalttheirprogress.词汇：Expectancyn．预期Acuteaaj．(疾病)急性的Infectiousadj．传染性的Smallpoxn.天花Sanitationn．环境卫生Hygienen．个人卫生Antibioticn．抗生素Bacterialadj．细菌性的Vaccinationn．种痘，接种Preservevt．保藏，防止(食物)腐烂Nutritionn．营养Chronicaaj．(疾病)慢性的Stroken．中风Virusn．病毒Influenzan．流行性感冒Trendn．趋势，倾向Obesityn．肥胖Diabetesn．糖尿病Haltvt．使．．．停止注释：AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome(AIDS)：艾滋病，后天性免疫缺乏综合症练习：，1．AagesByearsClivesDcountries2．AinBaboutCtoDwith3．AlengthBtimeCdurationDspan4．ApeopleBkillersCinventionDnation5．AmoreBlessChighDhighly6．AdevelopedBlessdevelopedCundevelopedDdeveloping7．AmoredeadlyBdeadlyC1essdeadlyDfatal8．AimprovementsBfactorsCjobsDmeasures9．AmakesBcausesCmakeDfrom10．AagainstBforCtoDcause11．AAndBThereforeCInadditionDNevertheless12．AwhenByetChoweverDwhile13．AspreadBaffectedCproducedDcreated14．ApoorBweakColderDyoung15．AandBleadingtoCfromDwith答案与题解：1.A通过上下文可知此处应为"年龄".2.Bbringabout意思是"带来"，bringin意为赚取，实现（一定利润），没有bringto这个短语，如果用with，此句话必须变成whathasitbroughtwiththesechanges才符合语法，但意思就不符合文章了。3.Dlifespan是一个固定搭配，意为寿命。4.B从下一句可以看出此处应指那些不治之症。5.D本句举了天花的例子，下一句指出很多孩子死于这些病，所以此处应为一个表严重的词。high是形容词，不能修饰后面的形容词。Acute不是比较级，所以and后面也不应用比较级。6.A本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失，通过常识得知应该是发达国家。7.C本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失，整段都在说明情况好转，故选C.8.B冒号后面列举的内容不能统一用其他几个词概括，只能用factor.9.C注意这里的which不是非限制定语从旬中指代前面l句话的作用，而是指代前面两项内容：卫生的改善和抗生素的发明使用，所以which后的动词不用三单形式。cause没有这样的语法搭配。10.A该选项为固定搭配，意为对某种疾病的预防接种。11.C前面说的是对疾病的防范和控制加强，后面说的是整体环境的改善，两者为并列关系，但是And在书面语中不能这样使用，所以只能选inaddition.12.D整句话的意思是：从基因角度看，人都能活到85岁，但是虽然现在人们寿命确实比以前长了，仍然有一些疾病使得我们不能都活到那个岁数。所以此处应该填一个转折副词。13.Athose指代流感和艾滋病等靠病毒传播的疾病，those后面的动词是过去分词作定语。spread的过去分词与原形相同。14.C本句最后指出一些病越来越年轻化，所以此处应选择younger的反义词。15.Bobesity是心脏病和糖尿病年轻化的重要原因，它和心脏病、糖尿病不是并列关系，而是因果关系，所以选择leadingto，现在分词作结果状语。+第四十篇 SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthersLow-saltfoodsmaybeharderforsomepeopletolikethanothers，accordingtoastudybyaPennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciencesfoodscientist.Theresearchindicatesthatgeneticfactorsinf1uencesomeofthedifferenceinthelevelsofsaltweliketoeat.Thoseconclusionsareimportantbecauserecent，well-publicizedeffortstoreducethesaltcontentinfoodhaveleftmanypeoplestrugglingtoacceptfarethatsimplydoesnottasteasgoodtothemasitdoestoothers，pointedoutJohnHayes，assistantprofessoroffoodscience，whowasleadinvestigatoronthestudy.Dietshighinsaltcanincreasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandstroke.Thatiswhypublichealthexpertsandfoodcompaniesareworkingtogetheronwaystohelpconsumerslowersaltintakethroughfoodsthatareenjoyabletoeat.Thisstudyincreasesunderstandingofsaltpreferenceandconsumption.Theresearchinvolved87carefullyscreenedparticipantswhosampledsaltyfoodssuchassoupandchips，onmultipleoccasions，spreadoutoverweeks.Testsubjectswere45menand42women，reportedlyhealthy，ranginginagefrom20to40years.Thesamplewascomposedofindividualswhowerenotactivelymodifyingtheirdietaryintakeanddidnotsmokecigarettes.Theyratedtheintensityoftasteonacommonlyusedscientificscale，rangingfrombarelydetectabletostrongestsensationofanykind."Mostofuslikethetasteofsalt.However，someindividualseatmoresalt，bothbecausetheylikethetasteofsaltinessmore，andalsobecauseitisneededtoblockotherunpleasanttastesinfood."saidHayes."Supertasters，peoplewhoexperiencetastesmoreintensely，consumemoresaltthandonontasters.Snackfoodshavesaltinessastheirprimaryflavor，andatleastforthesefoods，moreisbetter，sothesupertastersseemtolikethemmore."However，supertastersalsoneedhigherlevelsofsalttoblockunpleasantbittertastesinfoodssuchascheese，Hayesnoted."Forexample，cheeseisawonderfulblendofdairyflavorsfromfermentedmilk，butalsobittertastesfromripeningthatareblockedbysalt,"hesaid."Asupertasterfindslow-saltcheeseunpleasantbecausethebitternessistoopronounced."Hayescitedresearchdonemorethan75yearsagobyachemistnamedFoxandageneticistnamedBlakeslee，showingthatindividualsdifferintheirabilitytotastecertainchemicals.Asaresult，Hayesexplained，weknowthatawiderangeintasteacuityexists，andthisvariationisasnormalasvariationsineyeandhaircolor."Somepeople，calledsupertasters，describebittercompoundsasbeingextremelybitter，whileothers，callednontasters，findthesesamebittercompoundstobetastelessoronlyweaklybitter."hesaid."Responsetobittercompoundsisoneofmanywaystoidentifybiologicaldifferencesinfoodpreferencebecausesupertastingisnotlimitedtobitterness."词汇:publicize/'p?blisaiz/v.引起公众对…的注意;(用广告)宣传dietary/'dai?teri/adj.饮食的;规定食物的ferment/'f?:ment/v.(使)发酵geneticist/d?i'netisist/n.遗传学家acuity/?'kju:iti/n.敏锐;尖锐注释:1.PennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciences:即PennStateUniversity-CollegeofAgriculturalSciences宾州州立大学农学院。Penn是Pennsylvania的缩写，是美国宾夕法尼亚州州名。宾州州立大学建于1855年，在全国共有24个分校。在句中，PennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciences用作定语，修饰foodscientist。2.well-publicizedeffortstoreducethesaltcontentinfood:有关减少食物含盐量的大力宣传的做法.3.leftmanypeoplestrugglingtoacceptfarethatsimplydoesnottasteasgoodtothemasitdoestoothers:使得许多人努力去接受适合其他人而不适合他们口味的食物。fare相当于food。4.leadinvestigator:研发项目负责人5.…carefullyscreenedparticipantswhosampledsaltyfoodsassoupandchips，onmultipleoccasion，spreadoutoverweeks:……经过仔细筛选的实验参与者，他们在几周内的不同时间里品尝加了盐的食物，如汤和薯条。6.toopronounced:此处pronounced为形容词，意为verynoticeable，conspicuous(明显的，显著的)。7.supertasting：超重味感练习:1.Inparagraph2，JohnHayespointsoutthatAitisgoodtohealthtoeatfoodwithoutsalt.Bmanypeoplerejectlow-saltfoodcompletely.Cmanypeopleacceptlow-salttastelessfoodreluctantlyDfoodwithreducedsalttastesbetter.2.ThefourthparagraphdescribesbrieflyA. howtoselectsubjectsandwhattodointheresearch.B. howtoidentifysupertastersandnontasters.C.whytolimitthenumberofsubjectsto87persons.D.whytoselectmoremalesubjectsthanfemaleones.3.ThearticlearguesthatsupertastersA likethetasteofsaltinesstoblocksweettastesinfood.B likesnackfoodsassaltinessistheirprimaryflavor.C consumelesssaltbecausetheydon'tlikeintensivetastes.D liketosharesaltycheesewithnontasters.4.Whichofthefollowingappliestosupertastersintermsofbittertaste?A