航英语听力与会话朗读30篇音标版

朗读30篇注音标版Passage1Ladiesandgentlemen.Thisisyourcaptainspeaking.Ihavethepleasure['pleʒə]ininforming[in'fɔ:miŋ]youthatallsafetyequipmentisinfullworkingorder.Thebowandsterndoorsareclosedandsecured[si'kjuəd].Thevesselisinallaspects['æspekts]readyforsea.Pleaselistencarefullytothesafetyinstructions[in'strʌkʃənz]whichfollow.Intheunlikely[,ʌn'laikli]eventofemergency[i'mə:dʒənsi],pleaseobey[əu'bei]theordersgivenonthepublicaddress[ə'dres]system.Passengersarerequested[ri'kwestid]toreadallnotesandleaflets['li:flits]concerning[kən'sə:niŋ]safetyregulations[,reɡju'leiʃənz].Allregulationsconcerningthevessel’sroutine[ru:'ti:n]havetobeobeyed[əu'beid].Safetyregulationsdonotpermit[pə'mit]passengers['pæsindʒəz]toenterthefollowingspaces:--navigatingroom;--engineroom;--maneuvering[mə'nu:vəriŋ]areasatthefrontandbackendofthevessel;--cargoroomsandcompartments[kəm'pɑ:tmənts];--service['sə:vis]rooms;--allareasandspacesmarked“crewonly”;--allclosed,sealed[si:ld]orropedoffareas,spacesandrooms;--cardeckswhenthevesselisatsea.Passage2Internationalregulations[,reɡju'leiʃənz]require[ri'kwaiə]allpassengers['pæsindʒəz]beassembled[ə'sembld]inadrillwhichhastotakeplacewithin24hoursofdeparture[di'pɑ:tʃə].Adrillwillbeheldtofamiliarize[fæ'miljəraiz]passengerswiththeirassembly[ə'sembli]stations,withtheirlife-savingequipmentandwithemergencyprocedures[prə'si:dʒəz].Allpassengersmustattend[ə'tend]thisdrill.Incase[keis]ofemergency[i'mə:dʒənsi],sevenshortblasts[blɑ:sts]andoneprolonged[prəu'lɔŋd]blastwillbegivenwiththeship’swhistle['hwisl]andalarmsystem.Passengerswillbetaughthowtoactandbehave[bi'heiv]incaseofemergency.Passage3Alwaysrememberthatfireisthegreatesthazard['hæzəd]aboardship.Alwaysactimmediately[i'mi:diətli]ifyoudetect[di'tekt]fireorsmellfumes[fju:mz]orsmoke.Alwaysinformamemberofthecrewifyoudetect[di'tekt]fireorsmellfumes[fju:mz]orsmoke.Becarefultoextinguishcigarettes[,siɡə'rets]completely[kəm'pli:tli].Putusedcigarettes[,siɡə'rets]inacontainerprovided.Neversmokeinbed.Neversmokeondeckexceptinareaslabeled['leibld]assmokingareas.Neverthrowacigarette[,siɡə'ret]overboard.Theuseofnaked['neikid]lightandopenfireisstrictly['striktli]prohibited[prəu'hibitid].Neveruseanelectric[i'lektrik]iron['aiən]inacabin['kæbin].Ifyouneedtoironsomething,usetheironing['aiəniŋ]roomonthethirddeck.Thekeymaybecollectedattheinformationdesk.Passage4Attention[ə'tenʃən]please!Attentionplease!Thisisyourcaptainwithanimportantannouncement[ə'naunsmənt].Irepeat[ri'pi:t],thisisyourcaptainwithanimportantannouncement.Wehaveaminor['mainə]floodingintheengineroom.Thereisnoimmediateimmediatedangertoourpassengersortheshipandthereisnoreasontobealarmed.Forsafetyreasons,werequestallpassengerstogototheirassembly[ə'sembli]stationsondeckandwaitthereforfurther['fə:ðə]instructions[in'strʌkʃənz].Pleasefollowtheinstructions[in'strʌkʃənz]givenbytheofficersandcrew.Thedamagecontrolteamisfightingtheflooding.Wealsohaveradiocontact['kɔntækt,kən'tækt]withradiocoaststations.AssoonasIhavefurtherinformation,Iwillmakeanotherannouncement.Iaskyoukindlytoremaincalm[kɑ:m].Thereisnodangeratthistime.Passage5Whenthegeneralemergency[i'mə:dʒənsi]alarmissounded,whichconsists[kən'sists]ofsevenshortblasts[blɑ:sts]andoneprolonged[prəu'lɔŋd]blast,allpassengers['pæsindʒəz]havetogototheirassembly[ə'sembli]station.Takeyourlifejackets['laifdʒækits]andblankets['blæŋkits]withyou.Lifejackets['laifdʒækits]arestored[stɔ:d]inyourcabins['kæbinz]underyourbedsandatyourassembly[ə'sembli]stations.Youareencouraged[in'kʌridʒd]totryonyourlifejackets.Allpassengersmustputonwarmclothing['kləuðiŋ];longtrousers['trauzəz],long-sleeved[sli:vd]shirtsorjackets['dʒækits],strongshoesandheadcovering['kʌvəriŋ].Allpassengers['pæsindʒəz]withtheirlifejackets['laifdʒækit]andblankets['blæŋkits]arerequested[ri'kwestid]togototheirassembly[ə'sembli]stationsimmediately[i'mi:diətli].Fromyourassembly[ə'sembli]stationsyouwillbeescorted['eskɔ:tid,i'skɔ:tid]toyourlifeboats.Allpassengersarerequestedtocarefullystudythesafetyinstructionsbehindtheircabindoors.Allpassengersarerequested[ri'kwestid]tofollowtheescape[i'skeip]routes[ru:ts]shown.Donotuselifts.Passage6Lastyeartherewere63incidents['insidənts]atsea.Thisincluded[in'klu:did]10spills,2ofwhichresulted[ri'zʌltid]inpollution[pə:'lju:ʃən].Fourteenvesselsgroundedand6vesselscollided[kə'laidid]inbadweatherconditions.Therewere20reportsofpersonal['pə:sənl]injury['indʒəri].Theseinjuries['indʒəriz]usuallyoccurred[ə'kə:d]becauseseamendidnottakecarewithmachinery[mə'ʃi:nəri]orbecausetheydidnotwearthecorrecttypeofprotective[prəu'tektiv]clothing['kləuðiŋ].Sevenshipsreportedfiresonboardduringtheyear:in2incidents,thefiresstartedinthegalley,inanother2incidents,firesstartedwhenchemical['kemikəl]containersexploded[ik'spləudid];andin3incidents,thefiresoccurred[ə'kə:d]becauseofelectrical[i'lektrikəl]faults[fɔ:lts].On4occasions[ə'keiʒənz]vesselslostpowerbecausethecrewdidnotfollowcorrectprocedures[prə'si:dʒəz]duringmaneuvering[mə'nu:vəriŋ].Therewereaccounts[ə'kaunts]ofcargocontamination[kən,tæmi'neiʃən]:1cargoofgrain[ɡrein]suffered['sʌfəd]fromheatdamage,andintheothercase,waterleaked[li:kt]intotheholdanddamagedacargooffruit.Passage7Thisincident['insidənt]tookplaceonboardtheMVElgainJanuary['dʒænjuəri]ofthisyear.Someofourcargoofpipesbrokeloose[lu:s]onthedeckwhenwewererounding['raundiŋ]theCape[keip]ofGoodHopeinbadweather.Therewerehighwindsandvisibility[,vizi'biləti]wasverypoor.Atthetimeoftheincident['insidənt]Iwasonwatchonthebridge.The2ndofficerheardaloudbanging['bæŋiŋ]noise[nɔiz]andnoticedthepipeswereloose.Iimmediately[i'mi:diətli]informed[in'fɔ:md]theCaptainwhoorderedateamtogoondecktotieandsecurethepipes.Theproblemwascausedbythesevere[si'viə]movementofthevesselandsomelashings['æʃiŋz]breaking['breikiŋ].Thedeckcrewswereabletoleverthepipesintoasecureposition.Wemanagedtolashthecargodownagainsufficiently[sə'fiʃəntli]untilthebadweatherpassed.Therewasverylittlewecoulddotoensurethatthisincidentdoesnothappenagain.However,whenbadweatherisforecast['fɔ:kɑ:st],alllashings['æʃiŋz]shouldbecheckedand,ifnecessary,extra['ekstrə]lashingsshouldbeputinplace.Passage8Itisacommon['kɔmən]belief[bi'li:f]among[ə'mʌŋ]membersofthepublic['pʌblik]thatpiracy['paiərəsi]belongs[bi'lɔŋz]toanera['iərə,'εərə]inwhichswashbuckling['swɔʃ,bʌkliŋ]恃强凌弱的pirates['paiərits]playedcatandmouse[maus,mauz]withsailingshipladen['leidən]withgold.Thatpiracy['paiərəsi]isathingofthepast,however,isamyth[miθ].ThemainpointI’dliketomakeisthatarmed[ɑ:md]robbery['rɔbəri]isstillarealthreat[θret]totheshippingindustry['indəstri].Theinternationalmaritimebureau['bjuərəu]reportedthatin1994therewere92serious['siəriəs]attacks[ə'tæks]onships.Twoyearslaterin1996,thisfigure['fiɡə]rocketed['rɔkitid]to174,andin1997thefigure['fiɡə]continuedtorisedramatically[drə'mætikəli]to252.Almosttocombat['kɔmbæt,kəm'bæt]thiscrime[kraim]weremadeduringtheearly1990sandconsequently['kɔnsi,kwəntli]thenumberofattacksdecreasedsignificantly[sig'nifəkəntli].Thisdecreasewasduetotwomainfactors['fæktəz].IMOmissions['miʃənz]任务，使命weresenttoproblemareasandpressurewasalsoexerted[iɡ'zə:tid]oncountrieswhosewaterswereknownblackspots[spɔts]forpirate['paiərit]attacks[ə'tæks].Passage9Twotypesofcompasses['kʌmpəsiz]areusedatsea,namely['neimli]thegyrocompass['dʒaiərəu,kʌmpəs]andthemagnetic[mæɡ'netik]compass['kʌmpəs].Thegyrocompass['dʒaiərəu,kʌmpəs]iselectrically[i'lektrikəli]driven[drivən]andindicatesthedirectionofthegeographical[dʒiə'ɡræfikəl]ortruenorthpole[pəul]oftheearth.Whenagyrocompass['dʒaiərəu,kʌmpəs]hasbeenstarted,sometimemustbeallowedforittosettle['setl]down,andaship’sgyrocompass['dʒaiərəu,kʌmpəs]shouldbestartedsomehoursbeforeitistobeused.Agyrocompassmayfunction['fʌŋkʃən]correctly,butatthesametimeregister['redʒistə]asmall,constant['kɔnstənt]error['erə]knownasgyro['dʒaiərəu]error.Ifthegyrocompassindicatesadirectionwhichisnumerically[nju:'merikəli]largerthanthetruedirection,theerrorisdescribedashigh,andconversely['kɔnvə:sli]anumerically[nju:'merikəli]smallerreadingisdescribedaslow.Passage10Major['meidʒə]coast[kəust]radiostationsallovertheworldtransmit[træns'mit],atregular['reɡjulə]intervals['intəvəlz]andincode[kəud],weatherinformationforshipswithinrange[reindʒ].Weatherinformationconsists[kən'sists]oftenparts,ofwhichshipsusuallymakeuseofthree,thatis,warning,synoptic[si'nɔptik]situationandforecast['fɔ:kɑ:st].Withweatherinformation,marinersareabletokeepawayfromdisastrous[di'zɑ:strəs]weatheratseaandreducethedangeragreatdeal[di:l].Asterrible['terəbl]weatherispredicted[pri'diktid],shipscantakeprecautions[pri'kɔ:ʃənz]预防措施beforehand,bydelaying[di'leiiŋ]thevoyage['vɔiidʒ]orseeking[si:kiŋ]shelter['ʃeltə]inasafeplace.Ifthereisahighseaorlongswell[swel],theycantakesomemeasures['meʒəz]tosafeguard['seifɡɑ:d]保护措施thecargoandtheship.Passage11Whenthevesselapproaches[ə'prəutʃiz]herdesignated['deziɡ,neitid]berthatminimum['miniməm]steerageway['stiəridʒwei],theapproach[ə'prəutʃ]tothequay[ki:]码头ismadeatthesmallest['smɔ:list]possible['pɔsəbl]angle.Withaheaving['hi:vinŋ]linethehawser['hɔ:zə]ispulledfromthevesselontotheembankment[im'bæŋkmənt]byline-handlers['hændləz].Thespringisfastened['fɑ:sənd]toabollard['bɔləd],andwhiletheengineisonhalfastern[ə'stə:n],thewarping['wɔ:piŋ]drum[drʌm]picksuptheslack[slæk].Topreventthelinefrombeingfouled,thehawserorspringisledthroughthefairlead.Theshipisthenmaneuvered[mə'nu:vəd]alongtheembankment[im'bæŋkmənt]andfastened['fɑ:sənd]tobollards['bɔlədz]byheadlines,sternlines,breast[brest]linesandsprings.Whenleavingberth,casting['kɑ:stiŋofforders,engineroomordersandhelm[helm]ordersaregivenbythepilotorthemaster.Afterhavingstartedtheengines,thefirstorderis“Standingbyforlettinggo!”.Whenalineiscast[kɑ:st]off,thefirstordermustalwaysbe“Slackaway”,sothatitwillbecomepossibletohandlethehawser['hɔ:zə].Thenextcastingofforderwillthenbe:“Heave[hi:v]away”,whichmeansthatthelinecanbepulledaboard[ə'bɔ:d].Thesequence['si:kwəns]ofcastingoffordersthatcanthenbegivendepends[di'pendz]onhowthevesselhasbeenberthed,andontheprevailing[pri'veiliŋ]weatherconditionandcurrents['kʌrənts].Passage12Oneofthemostimportantresponsibilities[ri,spɔnsə'bilətiz]ofthefirstmate[meit]istomakesurethatcargowillbeproperly['prɔpəli]loadedandstowed.Whetherbulkcargo,generalcargo,heavycargo,containerized[kən'teinəraizd]cargoesorrefrigerated[ri'fridʒəreitid]perishable['periʃəbl]cargoarecarried,caremustalwaysbetakentoensure[in'ʃuə]thatacargowillnotinanywayaffect[ə'fekt]thevessel’sstability[stə'biliti]andjeopardize['dʒepədaiz]危害vessel,cargoandcrew.Thereforeastowage['stəuidʒ]planmustbemadeupbeforetheloadingofthecargocommences[kə'mensiz].Stevedoring['sti:vədɔ:riŋ](loadinganddischargingofcargo)mustbedoneaccording[ə'kɔ:diŋ]tothisstowage['stəuidʒ]planbyashoregang[ɡæŋ].Ashoregangusuallyconsists[kən'sists]ofaforeman['fɔ:mən]andstevedores['sti:vədɔ:z](longshoreman['lɔŋ,ʃɔ:mən]港口工人,astheyarecalledinAmerica),hatchway['hætʃwei]men,winch[wintʃ]men,andatally['tæli]clerk[klə:k].Passage13Therearefivecommon['kɔmən]kindsofinjury['indʒəri]onvessels.Seafarers['si:fεərəz]sometimesbreaktheirarmsandlegswhentheysliporfall.Theseaccidents['æksidənts]happen['hæpən]whentheydon’twearsafetyboots[bu:ts]orwhendecksarewetandoily['ɔili].Seafarers['si:fεərəz]alsofallwhenladders['lædəz]arenotsecure[si'kjuə].Toprevent[pri'vent]brokenarmsandlegs,itisimportanttowearsafetyboots.Seafarers['si:fεərəz]sometimesstrain[strein]theirbackswhentheyliftheavyobjects['ɔbdʒikts].Backstrainusuallyhappenswhenseafarers['si:fεərəz]liftobjects['ɔbdʒikts]aloneorwhentheydon’tuseliftingequipmentproperly['prɔpəli].Topreventbackstrain,itisimportanttoliftproperly['prɔpəli].Seafarers['si:fεərəz]sometimessuffer['sʌfə]fromburnswhenthereisafire,explosion[ik'spləuʒən]orchemical['kemikəl]spill.Seafarers['si:fεərəz]needtobecarefulwhentheysmokeorwhentheyworkwithchemicals.Topreventburns,itisimportanttoobey“NoSmoking”signsandtohandlechemical['kemikəl]cargosafely.Seafarerssometimessufferfromcuts.Theyoftencuttheirfingers['fiŋɡəz]whentheyarecarelesswithsharp[ʃɑ:p]machinery[mə'ʃi:nəri].Topreventcuts,itisimportanttousesafetyguards[ɡɑ:dz]andweargloves[ɡlʌvz].Seafarerssometimesinjure['indʒə]theireyeswhentheyworkwithmachinery[mə'ʃi:nəri].Dust[dʌst],sparks[spɑ:ks],andchemicals['kemikəlz]areverydangerouswhentheyentertheeye.Topreventeyeinjuries['indʒəriz],itisimportanttowearprotective[prəu'tektiv]goggles['ɡɔɡlz].Passage14Thevesselwasatanchorovernight[,əuvə'nait,'əuvənait]whilewewerewaitingforpermission[pə'miʃən]toentertheport.Twoofficersofwatchwerepatrolling[pə'trəuliŋ]thedeckbuttheydidnotnoticeanythingunusual[,ʌn'ju:ʒuəl].Theydidnotrealize['riəlaiz]thatwhiletheywereonwatch,twostowaways['stəuə,weiz]werehiding[haidiŋ]inthelifeboat.Onemanescaped[i'skeipt]byjumping['dʒʌmpiŋ]overboard['əuvəbɔ:d]whiletheotherclimbed[klaimd]downaropeladder['lædə].Later,IreceivedaphonecallfromtheCoastguard['kəustga:d]attheport.Hesaidthattwomenfrommyvesselwereswimming['swimiŋ]towards[tə'wɔ:dz]theshore.Hecalledthepoliceandorderedarescue['reskju:]boattopickupthemen.Whentherescue['reskju:]boatwentout,itpickeduponlyoneperson.Theotherwasnowheretobeseen.Asyet,Ihavenofurther['fə:ðə]informationaboutthetwostowaways['stəuə,weiz].Thevesselwillremain[ri'mein]inportuntilportAuthorities[ɔ:'θɔrətiz]havesearched[sə:tʃt]thevesselandgivenclearance['kliərəns]todepart[di'pɑ:t].Iamawaiting[ə'weitiŋ]instruction[in'strʌkʃən]fromtheimmigration[,imi'ɡreiʃən]authoritiesabouttheprocedure[prə'si:dʒə]forrepatriating[ri:'pætrieitiŋ]遣返thestowaway['stəuə,wei]whoisinpolicecustody['kʌstədi]拘留atpresent.Thepolicearestillsearchingforthemissing['misiŋ]stowaways['stəuə,weiz].Passage15Theecho['ekəu]sounder['saundə]sendsaradiosignalfromthebottomoftheshiptotheseabed['si:bed],fromwhichitisreflected[ri'flektid].Thetimetakentoreceivethereflected[ri'flektid]signalisameasureofthedepthofwaterundertheship.Thereceivedpulse[pʌls]isdisplayed[dis'pleid]onachartbyapenrecorder[ri'kɔ:də]sothatthenavigator['næviɡeitə]canseetheoutline['autlain]ofthebottomoverwhichthevesselispassing.Asimilar['similə]device[di'vais]isthesonar['səunɑ:]system,whichuseshighfrequency['frikwənsi]soundsignals.Insonar['səunɑ:]thesoundsignalcanbesentahead[ə'hed]orsideways['saidweiz].Thetimefortheechotobesentbackfromanobject['ɔbdʒikt],suchasanunderwater['ʌndə'wɔ:tə]rock,isameasure['meʒə]oftheobject’s['ɔbdʒikts]distance['distəns]fromtheship.Thesonar['səunɑ:]systemcanalsobeusedtomeasurethespeedoftheshipovertheseabed['si:bed].Passage16Theofficeronwatch(OOW)shouldensure[in'ʃuə]thattheSOLASrequirements[ri'kwaiəmənts]fortheoperationandtestingofthesteering['stiəriŋ]gear[ɡiə]areobserved[əb'zə:vd].Steeringcontroloftheshipwillcomprise[kəm'praiz]manual['mænjuəl]steering,probablysupplemented['sʌpliməntid,'sʌpləmentid]byanautopilot['ɔ:təu'pailət].Ateachsteeringpositionthereshouldbeagyro['dʒaiərəu]repeater[ri'pi:tə]andrudder['rʌdə]angle['æŋɡl]indicator['indikeitə]andemergency[i'mə:dʒənsi]back-upsteeringposition,usuallyinthesteeringgearflat[flæt],isalsorequired[ri'kwaiəd].Ifanautopilot['ɔ:təu'pailət]isfitted,asteeringmode[məud]selector[si'lektə]switch[switʃ]forchangingbetweenautomatic[,ɔ:tə'mætik]andmanual['mænjuəl]steering,andamanualoverride[,əuvə'raid]controltoallowtheOOWtogain[ɡein]instant['instənt]manual['mænjuəl]controlofthesteering,willberequired[ri'kwaiəd].Whenoperatinganautopilot,thecoursetosteerwillneedtobemanually['mænjuəli]setontheautopilotandtheautopilotwillsteerthecourseuntilanewcourseisentered.Passage17Atypical['tipikəl]weather['weðə]reportnormally['nɔ:məli]include[in'klu:d]threeparts:warning['wɔ:niŋ],synoptic[si'nɔptik]situationandforecast['fɔ:kɑ:st].Gale[ɡeil]warnings['wɔ:niŋz]areusuallyissued['isju:d]whenwindsofatleastforce8orgusts[ɡʌsts]reaching43knotsareexpected[ik'spektid].Galewarningsremaininforceuntilamended[ə'mendid]orcanceled['kænsəld].However,ifthegalepersists[pə'sists]formorethan24hoursafterthetimeoforigin['ɔridʒin],thewarningwillbere-issued.Theterm“severe[si'viə]gale”implies[im'plaiz]ameanwindofatleastforce9orgusts[ɡʌsts]reaching52knots.Stormwarningsareusuallyissuedwhenwindsofforce10orgustsreaching61knotsareexpected.Theterm“imminent['iminənt]”implies[im'plaiz]within6hoursofthetimeissue,“soon”implies[im'plaiz]between6and12hours,and“later”implies[im'plaiz]morethan12hours.Hurricane['hʌrikən]warningsareissuedinsomepartsoftheworldwhenwindsofforce12oraboveareexpected.Passage18Admiralty['ædmərəlti]Notice['nəutis]toMariners,weeklyeditions,containsinformationwhichenables[i'neiblz]themarinerstokeephischartsandbookspublishedbythehydrographic[,haidrəu'ɡræfik]department[di'pɑ:tmənt]up-to-date['ʌptə'deit]forthelatestreportsreceived.Inaddition[ə'diʃən]toallAdmiralty['ædmərəlti]Notices['nəutisiz],theyinclude[in'klu:dallAustralian[ɔ:'streɪljən]andNewZealand[,nju:'zi:lənd]chartcorrectingNotices,theselected[si'lektid]temporary['tempərəri]andpreliminary[pri'liminəri]ones.Copies['kɔpiz]ofallAustralian[ɔ:'streɪljən]andNewZealandNoticescanbeobtainedfromAustralianorNewZealand[,nju:'zi:lənd]chartagents['eidʒənts].TheNoticesarepublishedinweeklyeditions,andareissued['isju:d]bythehydrographic[,haidrəu'ɡræfik]department[di'pɑ:tmənt]onadaily['deili]basis['beisis]tocertainAdmiraltychartagents.Weeklyeditionscanbeobtained[əb'teind]gratis['ɡreitis],ordispatched[dis'pætʃt]regularly['reɡjələli]bysurface['sə:fis]orairmail['εəmeil]fromAdmiraltychartagents.Portsandauthorities[ɔ:'θɔrətiz]whomaintain[mein'tein]copiesofAdmiraltyNoticestoMarinersforconsultation[,kɔnsəl'teiʃən]arelistedonAnnual['ænjuəl]Summary['sʌməri]ofAdmiraltyNoticestoMariners.Passage19Themasteristhedirectrepresentative[,repri'zentətiv]ofthecompany.Decisions[di'siʒənz]andactionstakenbythemasterinhiscapacity[kə'pæsəti]areusuallybinding['baindiŋ]uponthecompany,andtherefore['ðεəfɔ:]themastermustacttoensurethatcompany’sinterests['intrists]areprotected[prə'tektid].Themasterhassupreme[sju'pri:m]command[kə'mɑ:nd]ofthevesselandfullauthority[ɔ:'θɔrəti]underthelawoverallphases[feiziz]ofvesseloperationsatalltimes.Thisauthority[ɔ:'θɔrəti]underthelawextendsoverallpersonsonboard.Themasterisanatalltimesresponsiblefortheseaworthiness['si:,wə:ðinis]andsafetyoftheshipandforthesafetyofallpersonnel[,pə:sə'nel],cargoandequipmentaboard.Themasterisresponsibleforthemanagement['mænidʒmənt]ofthecertificates[sə'tifikeits]anddocuments['dɔkjumənts,'dɔkjuments]related[ri'leitid]thevessel.Themasterisultimately['ʌltimətli]responsibleforthesafehandlingandcontrolofcargoduringloading,transport[træns'pɔ:t]anddischarge.Passage20Uponjoiningavessel,thethirdofficermustreporttothemaster.Thethirdofficermustdiscuss[dis'kʌs]withtheofficerbeingrelieved[ri'li:vd]thatareasofthethirdofficer’sresponsibility[ri,spɔnsə'biləti],andinspectthempromptly[prɔmptli],preferably['prefərəbli]inthecompany['kɔmpəni]陪伴oftheofficerbeingrelieved[ri'li:vd].Anythingfoundtobeunsatisfactory['ʌn,sætis'fæktəri]mustbereportedtothemaster.Thethirdofficerisresponsible[ri'spɔnsəbl]tothemasterfortheproperperformance[pə'fɔ:məns]ofhisassigned[ə'saind]bridgewatchstandingandnavigational[,nævi'geiʃənəl]duties.Thethirdofficerisresponsible[ri'spɔnsəbl]tothemasterthroughthefirstofficerforwatchdutiespertaining[pə:'teiniŋ]tofire-fightingappliances[ə'plaiənsiz]andlife-savingappliances[ə'plaiənsiz]andmaintenance['meintənəns].Thethirdofficerisresponsibleforthecareoftheship’ssignaling['siɡnəliŋ]equipment.Thethirdofficerisresponsibletothemasterformaintainingandaccounting[ə'kauntiŋ]foralltrainingpublications[,pʌbli'keiʃənz]andtrainingaids,includingthemovie['mu:vi]projector[prəu'dʒektə],films[filmz],andotheraudio['ɔ:diəu]-visual['vizjuəl]equipment.Passage21Somanylives[laivz]arelosteveryyearduetoaccidents['æksidənts]involving[in'vɔlviŋ]towingandmooringropes.Pleasespare[spεə]afewminutestoreadthis.Itmaysaveyourlife.Alwayswearasafetyhelmet['helmit]whenonthedeckofatug,lighter['laitə]orbargeengaged[in'ɡeidʒd]inmooring,cargoortowingoperations.Alwayswearshoes（notslippers['slipəz]拖鞋）whenworkingondeck.Neverstandunderneath[,ʌndə'ni:θ]anobject['ɔbdʒikt,-dʒekt,əb'dʒekt]beinghoisted[hɔistid]ordeck.Neverstandwithinabight[bait]ofarope.Neverstandclosetomooringortowingropesunderstrain[strein.iftheybreak,thebacklash['bæk,læʃ]后冲canbefatal['feitl]致命的.Hoistingorloweringoperationsshouldalwaysbecarriedoutwithapersonatthecontrols.Failure['feiljə]todosomanycostyoualimb[lim]orevenyourlife.G.Shackles['ʃæklz]andthimbles['θimblz]shouldnevergothroughroller['rəulə]fairleads['fεəli:dz].Theropesmayjumpoffandcauseinjuries['indʒəri].Allropesandwiresshouldbeinspectedregularly['reɡjələli],andrenewed[ri'nju:d]forwear['wεə]andtear[tiə]whenevernecessary.H.Alwayswearalifejacket['laifdʒækit]whenworkingorwalkingonthedeckofabargeorlighterduringrough[rʌf]seas,rainorwheneverthedeckiswet.Youmayslip[slip]andfallintothewater.Passage22Maritime['mæritaim]communication[kə,mju:ni'keiʃən]comprises[kəm'praiziz]communicationsbetweenvesselsandcoast-stations,intership['intə:ʃip]communicationandintraship['intrəʃip]communication(internal[in'tə:nəl]communicationwhenthevesselisbeforecasting['kɑ:stiŋ]off,leavingberth,loadingordischarging,etc.).Vesselsandcoast-stationscancommunicate[kə'mju:nikeit]bymeansofRadioTelephony[ti'lefəni],Satellite['sætəlait],Digital['didʒitəl]Selective[si'lektiv]Calling(DSC)andRadio-Telex['teleks].Categories['kætiɡəriz]ofmessagesthatcanbetransmitted[træns'mitid]andreceivedarecalled‘priorities[prai'ɔrətiz]’.Theyindicate['indikeit]theimportantofthemessage.ADISTRESS[di'stres]ALERT[ə'lə:t]indicatesthatthereisserious['siəriəs]andimmediate[i'mi:diət]dangerforvessel,crewandpassengers['pæsindʒəz].ADistressAlertisalsoreferredtoasa‘MAYDAY’.AnURGENCY['ə:dʒənsi]messageindicatesthatthereisseriousdangerforvessel,crewandpassenger.AnUrgencyMessageisalsoreferredtoasa‘PANPAN’message.ASAFETYmessageindicatesthatthereisimminent['iminənt]riskfornavigation[,nævi'ɡeiʃən].ASafetyMessageisalsoreferredtoasa‘SECURITE[si'kju:rait]’message.AROUTINE[ru:'ti:n]messageistransmitted[træns'mitid]toensure[in'ʃuə]safenavigation.Routinemessagesrefertointership['intə:ʃip]communication,exchange[iks'tʃeindʒ]ofdata['deitə]inportoperations,communicationbetweenshipsandVesselTraffic['træfik]Services['sə:visiz],inshore[,in'ʃɔ:]radarstations,pilotstations,bridgesandlocks.Passage23AVHF-transceiver[træns'si:və](transmitter[trænz'mitə]+receiver[ri'si:və])transmits[træns'mits]andreceivesradiosignals.TheVHFisusedtobridgeshortdistances['distənsiz],iseasytooperateandisallowedtobeusedbothinterritorial[,teri'tɔ:riəl]watersandinlandwaterways['wɔ:təweiz].Itsreceiverhasa“push-to-talkbutton['bʌtən]”.Iftheinstallation[,instə'leiʃən]isa“simplex['simpleks]”radio,speakingandlisteningcannotbedonesimultaneously[siməl'teiniəsli].Whenyouwishtospeak,youpushthebutton;whenyouwishtolisten,yourelease[ri'li:s]it.Beforechangingfromspeakingtolistening,yousay“over”.VHFradio-communicationcanbridgeabout40miles.MF-or-HFradiotelephony[,reidiəuti'lefɔni]isusedtobridge150miles(MF)to2000miles(HF).Reception[ri'sepʃən]ofradiosignalswillnotalwaysbeofhighquality['kwɔləti],andcoverage['kʌvəridʒ]willnotalwaysextend[ik'stend]tothedesired[di'zaiəd]areas.Thismayofcoursehaveconsequences['kɔnsi,kwəns]forthesafetyofthevesselandhercrew.Thesedisadvantages[disəd'vɑ:ntidʒiz]ofcommunicationthroughspeechhaveledtotheintroductionofDigital['didʒitəl]Selective[si'lektiv]Callinginmaritime['mæritaim]communication[kə,mju:ni'keiʃən].Passage24Weather-conditionshaveagreatinfluence['influəns]onthesafetyduringavoyageandshouldalwaysbetakenintoconsideration[kən,sidə'reiʃən]invoyage-planningandwhenunderway.Thestateoftheatmosphere['ætmə,sfiə]isdeterminedbyvarious['vεəriəs]meteorological[,mi: