北京专版2020中考英语复习方案第一篇话题分层复习话题18科普与现代技术试题

PAGEPAGE6话题18科普与现代技术主题语篇阅读Ⅰ.阅读理解A[2018·东城一模]ItwasaFebruaryafternooninaBrooklynclassroom.Sixteen-year-oldTaylorEnglercamefacetofacewithacow.Butitwasallinherhead.Shewastransportedbyavirtual(虚拟的)reality(VR)headset—ittookTaylorandherclassmatestoafarm250milesaway.Forstudents,thetechnologymeansfieldtripsarenolongerlimitedbythelengthofabusride.“Iwasnotexpectingittoberightinmyface!”That’swhatTaylorsaidaftertakingofftheheadsetandfindingherselfbackintheclassroom.Onanyschoolday,studentscantakevirtualreality“trips”.Theyaredeep-seadiving.Theyareobservingmedicaloperations.TheyarevisitingtheScienceMuseuminLondon.Teacherssayit’sanotherwaytoinvolvetheiPhonegeneration(一代人)intoclassroomlearninganditcanhelpwiththeirunderstandingandimprovetheirgrades.ColinJones,ascienceteacher,haswalkedstudentsthroughthenorthernforestwithaGoogleappcalledExpeditions.“Itcanbedoneinaperiodortwowiththehelpofthenewtechnology,”hesaid.“Butitcouldtakeevenaweeksometimestotakearealexpedition.”“It’sdifferentfromwatchingvideos.Youcanactuallymove,”Taylorsaidduringthelessononfarmanimals.“Notonlymove,butalsofeel,”saidRichardLamb.Hestudieshowbrainsdealwithinformation.“Yourphysiologicalresponses(生理反应)invirtualrealityaresimilartowhatyougetindoingtheactualactivity,”Lambsaid.“Heartrate,breathing…everything.”Itisunknownhowmanyclassroomswillusethetechnology.Butexpertssayit’sstillrare.Eachheadsetcancostaslittleas$20or$30,butsystemsandsoftwareforclassesrunintothousandsofdollars.Andgoodsoftwareisingreatneed.AnotherproblemwefaceishowtomakesuretheVRtechnologymimics(模仿)therealworldclosely.“ButwehavetosayVRtechnologyprovidesstudentswithahugelearningopportunity,”saidDavidEvans,directoroftheNationalScienceTeachersAssociation.JohnMiller,achemistryteacher,agreed.“Tooofteninschools,studentsdidsomethingwrongintheirchemistryexperiments.Butwedon’thaveenoughmaterialsforthemtoredotheexperiments.Invirtualreality,alltheydoishitresetonthecomputer.Wedon’thavetoactuallyusechemicals.”BothMillerandEvansstressedthetechnologycouldenrich—notreplace—real-worldexperiences.“Wehavetoremainanchored(立足)intherealworld,”Evanswarned,“becausethat’stheonethatwereallyneedtostudyandexplain.”1.OnaFebruaryafternoon,Taylor. ()

A.travelledtoafarmonabusB.watchedavideoaboutacowC.hadavirtualrealitylessonintheclassroomD.playedcomputergameswithherclassmates2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage? ()A.VRtechnologyiswidelyusedinschools.B.TeachersthinkVRtechnologyhelpfulforstudents.C.ColinJones’studentspreferarealtriptotheforest.D.StudentsbreathefasterinVRactivitiesthaninactualones.3.MillerandEvansprobablyagreethat. ()

A.peopleshouldn’tloseinterestintherealworldB.peopleshoulddevelopmoreVRsystemsandsoftwareC.VRtechnologywon’tchangestudents’wayoflearningD.VRtechnologywillreducestudents’mistakesinexperimentsB[2019·西城一模]Overthepastdecade,anincreasingstresshasbeenplacedontheimportanceofScience,Technology,EngineeringandMathematics(STEM)relatedclassesinprimary,middleandhighschooleducationintheU.S.Thereasonforthisdirectioniswellfounded:researchandtestscoresfromthe1980sand1990sshowedthatourstudentshadfallenbehindtheirinternationalpeersinallofthesesubjectareas.Educationofficials,teachersandparentsallfeltthatthesituationneededtobechanged,andquickly.However,intherushtoplaycatch-upinSTEM-relatedareas,there’soneimportantaspectthatisbeingneglected(忽略):theFineandPerformingArts,particularlydrama.It’slongbeenunderstoodthatastudyofdramaattheprimary,middleandhighschoollevelhelpsstudentsimproveinmanyareas,suchasself-confidence,self-expression,communicationskills,teamwork,andimagination.Mosteducatorsandparentsagreethatalloftheseareimportantforstudentstodevelopatanyage,butitisdifficultforthesameparentsandteacherstoprioritize(优先安排)studytimeandclassroomtimetoasubjectlikedramaoversubjectslikeMath,PhysicsorComputerScience.It’sevenmoredifficultforpolicymakersandschoolofficialstochannelfunds(资金)towardsclasseslikedrama,whentheskillsartssubjectsdevelopareconsidered“softskills”.Whenthemodernworldiscallingoutfor“hardskills”,likethoseneededtosucceedinthetech-driven21stcentury,howcantheypossiblyproveitisreasonabletospendtheirfundsthatarebecomingsmallerandsmalleronanythingbutSTEMsubjects?Theshortanswertothequestion“whyspendtimeandmoneyondrama?”isthatdramaeducationhasbeenscientificallyproventoimprovestudents’achievement,especiallyincommunicationskillsthatareveryimportanttoaSTEMeducation.AswedevelopstudentswithhighlyrefinedskillsinSTEMsubjects,it’sequallyimportantthatwetraintheteachersthatwillsupportcontinuedgrowthintheseareas.Anactive,communicativeteacheristhebestwaytogetstudentsonboardinthestudyofSTEMsubjects,whichcanbeunbearablydry.Thebestwaytodevelopactivecommunicationskills?Drama.Thenextareainwhichthecommunicationskillscanbedevelopedispublicationandconferencepresentation.Dramaimprovesstudents’publicspeakingskillsnecessaryforSTEMstudentstoeffectivelypresentpapersinconferencesandtheirwritingskillsnecessarytopublishpapers.It’salsoveryimportantforstudentstobeabletoworkwellwithoneanother.IntherealSTEMworld,almostallscientificworkhappensinteams.Withoutthe“soft”peopleskillsnecessarytonavigate(导航)alloftheseinteractions,nomatterhowtechnologicallyskilledonebecomes,heorshewillbeatadisadvantagewithouttheabilitytocommunicateandworkinteams.Whilethenationwidetrend(趋势)tofocusonplayingcatch-upinSTEMeducationisreasonable,practical,andabsolutelynecessary,it’simportantnottoforgetthehugeeffectarts,specificallydramaeducation,haveontheoveralleducationofourchildren.Thequestionparents,educators,andpolicymakersshouldbeaskingthemselvesisnot“canweaffordtosupportartseducationinschools?”butrather“canweaffordnotto?”4.WhydidAmericansstarttostressSTEMrelatedclasses? ()A.Becausetheworldhasmovedintoatech-drivencentury.B.BecauseSTEMclasseshavelongbeenneglectedinAmerica.C.BecauseeducationofficialspreferSTEMclassestoartclasses.D.BecauseU.S.studentsareexpectedtobeatanadvantageintheseareas.5.Theunderlinedword“channel”inParagraph2probablymeans“”. ()

A.afford B.directC.create D.raise6.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout. ()

A.thebenefitsofdramaeducationB.theimportanceofSTEMlearningC.theabilitiesneededforSTEMlearningD.thereasonstoimprovedramaeducation7.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat. ()

A.dramaismoreimportantthanSTEMclassesB.dramaeducationhasbeenthenationwidetrendC.theresultofneglectingdramaeducationishardtobearD.Americanstudentshavemadeprogressinplayingcatch-upⅡ.[2019·门头沟一模]回答问题Pi(π)DayisacelebrationofaMathsnumber,3.14(actuallythenumberneverends,itcontinuesafterthe.14)thatisusedinthemeasurement(测量)ofcircles.ThePisymbol(π)isalsoaletterintheGreekalphabet.ThecelebrationisheldonMarch14th.ThisdayisalsothebirthdayoffamousscientistAlbertEinstein.AscientistcalledLarryShawinventedthecelebrationattheExploratoriumMuseumin1988.Itwasdeclared(宣布)anationalholidayin2009.EveryyearonPiDay,peoplemeetatthemuseumandwalkaroundthePiShrine3.14timesandsing“HappyBirthday”toAlbertEinsteinwhileapieceofmusiccalled“PompandCircumstance”,writtenbyBritishcomposer(作曲家)SirEdwardElgar,isplayed.Oncetheyfinishthemarch,theyeatpies.MathsandscienceloversaroundtheworldalsocelebratePiDay.Theyoftenholdparties,wearingclotheswiththePisymbol(π).TheytalkaboutPi,throwpies,playgames,eatfoodwhichstartswiththeletters“pi”—pies,pizzas,pineapples,pinenutsanddrinkpineapplejuiceorapintofbeer!SomeofthegamespeopleplayatthePipartiesare:·APieeatingcontest(比赛)—thepersonwhoeatsthemostpiesisthewinner.·APietreasurehunt—playershavetofindobjectswiththePisymbol(π)hiddenintheroom.·AMathsquiz—playersanswer10questionsthatusethePinumber,thelosergetshitwithapieintheface!ChildrencanalsodecoratethePisymbol(π)usingpaper,colours,glue,shinybeadsandotherthings.Peoplealsohavecompetitionstoseewhocanrememberthemostdigits(数字).Manyteachersholdthesememorycontestsintheirclasses.TheGuinnessWorldRecordforreciting(背诵)themostdigitsisheldbyLvChaoofChina,whosuccessfullyrecitedPitonearly67,890decimal(小数的)places.Aboveall,PiDayisabouthavingfunwithnumbers.Justlikethenumberitself,thepossibilitiesforPiDayaretrulyendless.8.WhatisPiDay?

9.WhosebirthdayisonMarch14th?

10.HowcanchildrendecoratethePisymbol(π)?

11.HowmanydecimalplacesdidLvChaoreciteaboutPi?

12.WhatdoyouthinkofPiDay?

【参考答案】Ⅰ.A1.C2.B3.AB[主旨大意]本文是一篇说明文。在过去的十年里,越来越多的人强调在美国中小学教育中与科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)相关的课程的重要性。但是现在他们注意到了美术和表演艺术,特别是戏剧教育的重要性。接受戏剧教育有助于学生在许多方面的进步,如自信、自我表达以及沟通技巧、团队合作和想象力等。最后提到了不要忘记戏剧教育对孩子整体教育的巨大影响。4.D细节理解题。根据“Thereasonforthisdirectioniswe