第5课时八年级上册Unit1

第5课时八年级上册Unit1

词汇拓展1.win

（v.）获胜，赢得→

winner

（n.）获胜者；优胜者2.cheer

（v.）加油；欢呼，喝彩

（n.）欢呼声，喝彩声

→

cheerful

（adj.）快乐的；愉快的3.skate

（v.）溜冰，滑冰；滑（滑板）→

skated

（过去式/过去分

词）→

skating

（现在分词）4.dream

（n.）梦想；梦（v.）做梦→

dreamt/dreamed

（过去式/

过去分词）→

dreamer

（n.）梦想家；做梦的人；不切实际的人5.science

（n.）科学→

scientist

（n.）科学家→

scientific

（adj.）科学的winnercheerfulskatedskatingdreamt/dreameddreamerscientistscientific词汇拓展6.music

（n.）音乐；乐曲→

musician

（n.）乐手，音乐家，乐师

→

musical

（adj.）音乐的7.policeman

（n.）男警察→

policemen

（复数）

→

policewoman

（对应词）（n.）女警察8.spend

（v.）花费（金钱、时间等）；度过→

spent

（过去式/过

去分词）9.health

（n.）健康；保健→

healthy

（adj.）健康的

→

healthily

（adv.）健康地10.popular

（adj.）流行的，大众的，受欢迎的→

popularity

（n.）普及；流行musicianmusicalpolicemenpolicewomanspenthealthyhealthilypopularity词汇拓展11.relax

（v.）（使）放松，轻松→

relaxes

（第三人称单数）

→

relaxed

（adj.）感到放松的→

relaxing

（adj.）令人放松的12.excited

（adj.）感到激动的→

exciting

（adj.）使人兴奋的；

令人激动的13.bad

（adj.）令人不愉快的；坏的→

worse

（比较级）

→

worst

（最高级）14.leave

（v.）离开，把……留下，剩下

（n.）假期，休假

→

left

（过去式/过去分词）→

leaving

（现在分词）15.ill

（adj.）有病的；不健康的→

illness

（n.）病；疾病relaxesrelaxedrelaxingexcitingworseworstleftleavingillness词汇拓展16.throw

（v.）扔；掷；投→

threw

（过去式）→

thrown

（过

去分词）17.fight

（v.）争论；打仗（架）

（n.）打仗（架）；争论

→

fought

（过去式/过去分词）→

fighter

（n.）战士；斗士；

奋斗者18.angry

（adj.）发怒的，愤怒的，生气的→

angrily

（adv.）发

怒地；生气地→

anger

（n.）怒火，怒气19.invent

（v.）发明，创造→

invention

（n.）发明；发明物

→

inventor

（n.）发明家；创造者20.become

（v.）变得，变成→

became

（过去式）→

become

（过去分词）→

becoming

（现在分词）threwthrownfoughtfighterangrilyangerinventioninventorbecamebecomebecoming词汇拓展21.hold

（v.）抓住；举办；保持；包含→

held

（过去式/过去分

词）22.person

（n.）人；个人→

personal

（adj.）个人的；私人的23.hero

（n.）英雄，豪杰→

heroes

（复数）24.hit

（v.）击（球）；碰撞→

hit

（过去式/过去分词）

→

hitting

（现在分词）25.ring

（v.）打电话；（钟、铃等）响→

rang

（过去式）

→

rung

（过去分词）26.stand

（v.）站立；位于；忍受，承受→

stood

（过去式/过去分

词）heldpersonalheroeshithittingrangrungstood词汇拓展27.feel

（v.）觉得，感到→

felt

（过去式/过去分词）

→

feeling

（n.）感觉；感情28.break

（v.）（使）破，碎；打破（纪录）→

broke

（过去式）

→

broken

（过去分词）feltfeelingbrokebroken短语归纳1.为……加油

cheer…

on

2.长大成人，成长

grow

up3.今后

in

the

future

4.擅长……；精通……

be

good

at

5.参加，加入

take

part

in

6.对……有益

be

good

for

7.到处，遍及

all

over

8.后天

the

day

after

tomorrow

9.保持健康

keep

fit/healthy

10.动身去某地

leave

for

someplace

11.患病，病倒

fall

ill

12.帮助某人

give

sb.a

hand

13.在某方面做得好

do

well

in

14.斥责（某人）；对某人大声说

shout

at

sb.

15.尽某人最大努力

try

one’s

best

16.对……生气

be

angry

with

17.谈论；讨论

talk

about

18.起初，起先

at

first

19.形成，产生

come

into

being

20.例如，举例

for

example

21.代表，象征

stand

for

22.至少，不少于

at

least

cheer…

ongrow

upin

the

futurebe

good

attake

part

inbe

good

forall

overthe

day

after

tomorrowkeep

fit/healthyleave

for

someplacefall

illgive

sb.a

handdo

well

inshout

at

sb.try

one’s

bestbe

angry

withtalk

aboutat

firstcome

into

beingfor

examplestand

forat

least核心句型1.

I’m

going

to

play

basketball.我打算去打篮球。2.I

prefer

rowing

.我更喜欢划船。3.

What

are

you

going

to

be

when

you

grow

up？你长

大了打算成为什么？4.She

spends

half

an

hour

exercising

in

the

gym

every

day.她每天花半小时在体育馆锻炼。5.I

hope

our

team

will

win.我希望我们队能赢。6.

Would

you

mind

teaching

me？你介意教教我吗？7.Michael，

I’m

sorry

for

what

I

said.迈克尔，我为我所说的

话感到抱歉。I’mgoing

toprefer

rowingWhatgoing

to

bespendsexercisinghopeWouldmindsorry

for核心句型8.At

first，

it

was

an

indoor

game

so

that

students

could

play

in

bad

weather.起初，它是一项学生们可以在天气恶劣时玩的室内运

动。9.The

goal

is

to

throw

the

ball

through

the

other

side’s

basket，

and

to

stop

the

other

team

from

doing

so.目标是把球扔进对方

的篮筐里，并阻止对方球员这么做。10.

It’s

my

first

time

to

take

part

in

the

high

jump.

这是我第一次参加跳高。11.

Let’s

make

it

half

past

six.我们定在六点半吧。so

thatis

to

throwIt’sfirst

time

to

takeLet’smake

it核心句型12.I

don’t

know

whether

I

can

win，

but

I

will

try

my

best.我不知道

我是否能赢，但我会尽我最大努力。13.We

hope

that

China

will

win

more

gold

medals

in

the

future.

我们希望中国以后可以获得更多的金牌。whetherhope

that重点语法1.一般将来时的用法（be

going

to/will/shall）

2.简单句3.宾语补足语 4.shall和will的用法区别

Which

sport

do

you

prefer，swimming

or

rowing？你更喜欢哪项

运动，游泳还是划船？（八上P2）prefer用作动词，意为“更喜欢”，相当于like…

better，通常不用于进行时。

其后可接名词、动名词或动词不定式，其常见用法如下：注意：（2）（3）中的to为介词，（4）（5）中的to为动词不定式符号。

1.

Ben

prefers

C

part

in

some

outdoor

activities

rather

than

stay

at

home

on

weekends.A.takeB.takingC.to

takeD.to

takingC2.

On

theweekend，

I

prefer

cooking

by

myself

to

eating

in

a

restaurant.

I

think

home-made

food

is

more

delicious.（盲填）eating

She

spends

half

an

hour

exercising

in

the

gym

every

day.她每天花

半小时在体育馆锻炼。（八上P5）

1.

spend作动词，意为“花费（金钱、时间等）；度过”。其主语必须是人。I

spent

two

hours

on

this

math

problem.这道数学题花了我两小时。They

spent

two

years

（in）

building

this

bridge.

建造这座桥花了他们两年时间。2.

【辨析】spend，

pay，

take与cost单词主语搭配spend人（1）sb.

spend

time/money

on

sth.在……上花费时间/钱（2）sb.spend

time/money

(in)

doing

sth.花费时间/钱做

某事pay人sb.

pay(s)

(＋钱)＋for

sth.takeit（语）it

takes

sb.＋时间＋to

do

sth.cost物sth.

cost(s)

sb.＋钱It

took

her

two

hours

to

finish

her

homework

yesterday.

昨天她用了两小时来完成作业。The

cup

cost

her

fifteen

yuan.

这个杯子花了她十五元。

Mr.

Green

paid

for

the

tickets

for

us.

格林先生为我们支付了票钱。

（2024·绥化）－How

much

does

the

film

ticket

B

？

－Thirty-five

yuan.A.spendB.costC.payB

She

is

also

good

at

jumping.她也很擅长跳高。（八上P5）短语含义及用法例句be

good

at“擅长……”，相当

于do

well

in。at后接名

词、代词或者动词－

ing形式He

is

very

good

at

playing

chess.他非常擅长下

国际象棋be

goodwith“善于应付……”，

其后接表示人的名词

或代词Tim

is

good

with

children.蒂姆善于和孩子们相

处

【辨析】be

good

at，

be

good

with，

be

good

for与be

good

to短语含义及用法例句be

goodfor“对……有好处”，

反义短语为be

bad

for

（对……不好）Doing

more

exercise

is

good

for

health.多锻炼对

健康有好处be

good

to“对……好”，相当

于be

kind/friendly

toThe

young

should

be

good

to

the

old.年轻人应该

善待老人

1.

Eating

too

much

sweet

food

is

not

good

B

our

teeth.A.atB.forC.toD.with2.

If

you

keep

practicing，

I

believe

you

will

do

well

in

speaking

English.（选出

与画线部分意思相同或相近的选项）

C

A.be

interested

inB.catch

up

withC.be

good

atD.feel

likeBC

She

is

going

to

take

part

in

the

high

jump

and

the

long

jump.她将

要参加跳远和跳高比赛。（八上P5）【辨析】take

part

in，

attend与join单词/短语用法例句take

part

in参加某项活动，在其中起较重要的作用We’ll

take

part

in

social

practice.我们将参加社会实践单词/短语用法例句attend参加某项较正式的活动He’ll

attend

a

meeting

tomorrow.他明天要参加一个会议join加入某个组织并成为其中一员，如参军或加入政党组织She

joined

the

company

two

years

ago.她两年前进了这家公司1.

今天下午所有成员都需要参加这个活动。（完成译句）All

of

the

members

are

required

to

take

part

in

the

activity

this

afternoon.2.

He

will

never

forget

the

day

when

he

joined

the

army.（盲填）take

partjoined

They

are

leaving

for

Japan

the

day

after

tomorrow

for

a

game

with

Japan’s

national

team.他们后天要动身去日本和日本国家队比赛。（八上P7）leave的用法：【拓展】（1）leave用作动词时，是位移动词，可以用现在进行时表示将要发

生的动作。（2）leave是瞬间动词，若要表示离开一段时间，需用be

away来代替。

1.

Our

team

will

leave

for

Beijing

on

Sunday

to

take

part

in

the

basketball

game

there.（盲填）2.

This

morning

I

went

to

work

in

such

a

hurry

that

I

left

（leave）

the

key

to

my

office

at

home.（用括号内所给词的适当形式填空）forleft

Would

you

mind

teaching

me？你介意教教我吗？（八上P9）mind作动词，意为“介意；关心”。常用句型：（1）Would/Do

you

mind

（one’s）

doing

sth.？你介意（某人）做……吗？（2）Would/Do

you

mind＋if从

句？如果……你介意吗？回答时，常用“Of

course

not./Certainly

not./Not

at

all./Go

ahead.”表示答话人不介意；用“I’m

sorry，

you’d

better

not./I’m

sorry，

but

I…”表示答话人介意。

【拓展】mind还可作名词，意为“思想，想法”。常用结构：（1）change

one’s

mind改变主意；（2）make

up

one’s

mind

to

do

sth.下定决心做某事；（3）

keep…in

mind牢记……；（4）come

to

（one’s）

mind

（某人）突然想起

1.

－I

like

the

dress，

but

I’m

afraid

I

haven’t

got

enough

money.－Don’t

worry.

I

don’t

mind

B

you

some

if

you

like.A.lendB.lendingC.to

lendD.lentB2.

－Would

you

mind

me

sitting

beside

you？－

D

.

My

dad

will

come

soon.A.Never

mindB.Not

at

allC.You’re

welcomeD.You’d

better

notD

I’ll

try

to

finish

my

homework

on

time.我会尽力按时完成我的家

庭作业。（八上P12）finish在此作动词，意为“完成，做好”。常用搭配：finish

doing

sth.

完成某事。【注意】finish后不能接动词不定式。You

can’t

go

anywhere

until

you

finish

your

homework.完成家庭作业前你哪儿

都不能去。I

have

finished

reading

this

book.我已经看完这本书了。

【拓展】其后接-ing形式的动词还有：

She

finished

B

a

book

about

robots

last

week

and

wrote

a

book

report

about

it.A.readB.readingC.readsD.to

readB

Bring

Peter

a

present.给彼得带一件礼物来。（八上P15）

【辨析】bring，

take，

carry与fetch单词含义例句bring拿来Bring

me

some

water，

please.请给我拿些水来take带走Take

these

books

to

my

office.把这些书拿去我的办公室单词含义例句carry携带，运送I

can’t

carry

this

box.我搬不动这个箱子fetch（去）拿来/请来/接来Will

you

fetch

the

children

from

school？你要去学校把孩子们接来吗

从方框内选择单词，并用其适当形式填空。

take

bring

carry

fetch

1.

Let

me

help

you

to

carry

the

big

box，

Granny！

It’s

too

heavy

for

you.2.

Please

fetch

me

a

glass

of

water

from

the

kitchen

now.3.

Lily，

don’t

forget

to

bring

me

my

clothes

here.4.

My

mother

will

take

me

to

Shanghai

Disneyland.

I

can’t

wait

to

go

there.carryfetchbringtake

With

hundreds

of

years’

history，

it

is

one

of

the

most

popular

sports

in

England.它有上百年的历史，是英国最流行的运动之一。（八上P15）hundreds

of表示概数，其中hundred意为“一百”。短语用法例句hundredsofhundred与of连用时，常用复数形式，表示概数，意为“数百的；成百上千的”Hundreds

of

people

are

dancing

in

the

park

now.现在有数百人在公园里跳舞数字＋hundredhundred与基数词连用时，用

单数形式，表示具体数目There

are

two

hundred

students

playing

on

the

playground.操场上有两百名学生在

玩耍【辨析】hundreds

of与“数字＋hundred”

1.

A

of

students

went

here

three

years

ago.

But

only

B

of

them

are

still

there

now.A.Thousands；

three

hundredB.Thousands；

three

hundredsC.Two

thousands；

three

hundredD.Thousand；

three

hundredA2.

Students

in

my

school

plant

B

trees

on

Tree-Planting

Day

every

year.A.hundredB.hundreds

ofC.hundredsD.hundred

ofB

I

don’t

know

whether

I

can

win，but

I

will

try

my

best！我不知道

我是否能赢，但我会尽我最大努力！（八上P22）1.

whether在此作连词，意为“是否”，常引导宾语从句。Mary

asked

me

whether

I

needed

any

help.玛丽问我是否需要帮助。

【拓展】whether作连词时，还意为“不管……（还是）；或者……（或

者）”，常与or

not连用，引导让步状语从句。Whether

you

like

it

or

not，

you’ll

have

to

do

it.

不管你喜不喜欢，你必须做这件事。2.

【辨析】whether与if类别用法例句相同点whether和if都可以引导

宾语从句，表示“是

否”，在口语中可以互

换使用I

wonder

whether/if

I

can

get

some

advice

from

you.我想知道能否从你那里得到一些建议不同点whether引导的从句常

与or

not连用，而if不能I

don’t

want

to

know

whether

you

can

come

or

not.我不想知道你是否会来不同点当宾语从句置于句首

时，只能用whether引

导，而不能用ifWhether

it

is

true

or

not，

I

can’t

tell.这是真是

假，我无法判断

1.

（2023·牡丹江）－Alice，

I

wonder

C

you

won

the

tug-of-war（拔河

比赛）

yesterday.－Yeah！

We

pulled

together

and

made

it

in

the

end.A.whatB.whereC.whetherC2.

（2024

·广安）

Diana

isn’t

sure

whether

（是否）Betty

will

come

or

not.whether

I

have

another

one.我还有一个。（八上P25）

【辨析】another，

other，

the

other，

others与the

others单词/短语含义及用法例句another意为“（三者及以上的

人或物中的）再一个，

另一个”。表泛指Would

you

like

another

cup

of

tea？你想再

喝一杯茶吗单词/短语含义及用法例句other意为“别的，其他

的”。可修饰可数名

词复数。表泛指Do

you

have

any

other

questions？你还有其

他问题吗the

other意为“（两个中的）

另一个”，表特指The

other

one

is

too

expensive.另外一个太

贵了单词/短语含义及用法例句others意为“其他的（人或

物）”，指除去一部

分后，剩余的另外一

些人或物，但并非全

部，表泛指Some

students

are

doing

their

homework，

while

others

are

doing

handwork.一些学生

在做家庭作业，其他学生在做手工the

others

意为“其余的，别

的”。指一定范围

内，除去一部分后，

剩余的全部人或物，

表特指The

others

all

went

home，

leaving

me

to

wait

for

the

teacher

to

come.其他人都回家

了，留下我一人等老师来

1.

－How

many

apples

can

I

have？－You

can

have

two.

The

others

are

for

Jim.（盲填）2.

（2023·眉山改编）I

have

finished

reading

this

magazine.

Give

me

a

anoth

one.（根据句意及首字母提示补全单词）The

othersnother

Usain

Bolt，

a

Jamaican

runner，

is

widely

regarded

as

the

fastest

person

in

the

world.尤塞恩·博尔特，一个牙买加短跑运动员，被广泛认为

是世界上（速度）最快的人。（八上P26）regard意为“将……认为；把……视为”，常用搭配：regard…as…把……看

作……Lu

Xun

is

regarded

as

one

of

the

most

famous

writers

in

China.

鲁迅被视为中国最著名的作家之一。Yuan

Longping

is

generally

regarded

as

the

greatest

scientist

in

rice

planting.

（根据句意及首字母提示补全单词）egarded

一、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词1.

The

man

was

born

in

the

19th

century

.2.

You

can

throw

the

basketball

from

any

part

of

the

court.3.

If

the

museum

is

not

open

today，

I’ll

go

somewhere

else.4.

－Could

you

please

give

me

a

favor

？－Sure.

I’m

glad

to

help.enturyhrowomewhereavor5.

Are

you

ready

？

Let’s

begin.eady6.

The

athlete

broke

the

Olympic

record

and

won

a

gold

medal

in

the

2024

Paris

Olympics.7.

They

are

leaving

for

Zibo

the

day

after

tomorrow.8.

The

host

served

some

beef

and

sour

cabbage（酸菜）

to

us.

The

dishes

were

quite

delicious.9.

When

you

get

home

from

school，

you

can

relax

yourself

with

soft

music.10.

Jane

is

always

careful，

but

her

brother

is

always

careless

.ecordeavingervedelaxareless2.

American，

French

and

Canadian

scientists

（science）

won

the

2018

Nobel

Prize

for

Physics

for

the

study

on

laser

technology.3.

My

grandfather

keeps

healthy

（health）

by

eating

well

and

exercising

regularly.4.

The

man

over

there

is

one

of

the

most

famous

musicians

（music）

in

China.scientistshealthymusicians二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.

George

became

（become）

a

teacher

at

the

age

of

24.became5.

Early

in

the

twentieth

century，

two

famous

scientists

developed

their

personal

（person）

ideas

about

dreams.6.

You

told

me

the

news

yesterday，

but

I

forgot

（forget）.7.

She

slipped

and

hit

（hit）

her

head

on

the

wayside.8.

He

is

going

away

for

at

least

（little）

a

week.9.

She

had

two

of

the

normal

childhood

illnesses

（ill）.10.

I

rang

（ring）

the

doorbell

but

no

one

came.personalforgothitleastillnessesrang三、完成句子根据所给提示，完成句子。每空一词，含缩略词。1.

We

will

go

fishing

tomorrow.

（改为否定句）We

won’t

go

fishing

tomorrow.2.

The

little

boy

writes

with

his

left

hand.

（对画线部分提问）

How

does

the

little

boy

write

？3.

It

took

me

over

two

hours

to

finish

my

homework

yesterday.

（改为同义句）I

spent

over

two

hours

finishing

my

homework

yesterday.4.

你爸爸什么时候动身前往美国？

（完成译句）When

is

your

father

leaving

for

America？5.

你介意帮我把这些书拿到教室吗？

（完成译句）Would

you

mind

helping

me

take

these

books

to

the

classroom？won’t

goHowwritespentfinishingleaving

formind

helping四、口语应用阅读下面对话，从方框内7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话。A.That’s

right.B.When

is

it

going

to

start？C.How

much

are

the

tickets？D.It

must

be

very

exciting.E.It’s

the

first

weekend

of

July.F.When

did

you

buy

it？G.How

long

will

it

last？A：

Hello，

Lucy！

Are

you

going

to

the

School

Science

Show？B：

Yes，

I

am.

1.

B

A：

I

saw

the

poster（海报）

yesterday.

It

says

the

show

starts

on

July

5th.B：

2.

G

A：

It

will

last

two

days.B：

Oh，

July

5th

and

6th.

3.

E

A：

Yes，

and

it

will

be

open

from

10:00

a.m.

to

6:00

p.m.B：

That

sounds

good.

I’m

sure

it

will

give

more

people

the

chance

to

enjoy

it.4.

C

BGECA：

Only

twenty

yuan

for

students.

The

poster

also

says

there

are

many

new

inventions

to

watch

and

try

this

time.B：

5.

D

I

won’t

miss

it！D五、短文填空根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的

词，使短文完整、通顺。

Do

you

like

ball