大学英语六级模拟试卷234

大学英语六级模拟试卷234

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthe

topicFastFoodandTraditionalChineseCuisine.Youshouldwritealleast150words

accordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1.西餐越来越受到中国人的青睐,对

你而言，中餐和西餐，更喜欢哪种；2.请给出两条以上的理由支持你的观点；

3.对全文作一总结。FastFoodandTraditionalChineseCuisine

标准答案：SinceAmericanstylefastfoodwasintroducedintoChinesemarket,ithas

beenspreadingatablazingspeed.ManypeopleliketoMcDonald'sandKFCfor

hamburgers,Frenchfriesandicc-crcamandtheybelievethatthewesternfoodarcvery

delicious.ButstillalotofpeopleprefertraditionalChinesecuisineastheyholdit's

healthier.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iaminfavorofthesecondopinion.Firstly,byeating

traditionalChinesemeals,onecankeepawell-balanceddiet.FoodinMcDonald'sand

KFCtypicallycontainhighcaloriesandexcessivecalorieswillaccumulaieiniheformof

fatinthebodyandmakepeopleoverweight.ButatypicalChinesemealprovidesone

withenoughcarbohydrates,vitamins,andproteinthatareneededtokeepthephysical

fitnessofhumans.Also,peopledon'tchewtheirfoodenoughwhentheyhavewestern

stylefastfood.Thisaddstotheburdenoftheirdigestivesystem.Conversely,Chinese

peopletypicallyhavesonicteabeforethemaincoursesarcserved.Andtheydon'trush

themselvesduringthemeal.Thisdoesnotonlybringthepleasureofenjoyinga

wonderfulmeal,butalsoitmakesthemrelaxandfeelbetter.Therefore,althoughonecan

eatwesternfastfoodforachange,eatingChinesefoodismorehealthyandenjoyable.

知识点解析：［审题］本文是议论文，结构很清晰，就是提出一种现象，列举出两种

对立的观点，然后，表达自口的观点，并说明理由。［写作思路］第段；提出

种现象，提出两种不同的观点——中餐好还是西餐好。第二段：我的观点，并说

明理由。第三段：总结个人观点。

二、快速阅读理解（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10

分。）

Howcanyoutellthedifferencebetweenaproblemthatwillgoawayonitsownandone

thatshouldbeattendedtoassoonaspossible?Herearesixsymptomsthatyoushould

callyourdoctorabout.1.PersistentHeadachesEverybodygetsheadachesnowandthen.

Ifyou'vehadthesamepatternofheadachesforyears,chancesarethatit'sgoingto

continuethatwayfbryearsmore.Butifyourheadachesaresoseverethatyoumisswork

orsocialgatherings,orifover-the-counterpainkillersdonlhelp,seeyourdoctor.There

arenewtreatmentsnowthatworkwell,evenfbrdisablingmigraines（偏头痛）.Ifyou

haveanunfamiliartypeofheadachethat'spersistedforthreedaysorlongerandis

associatedwithvomitingorvisualchanges,itcouldindicateanabnormalityinornearthe

brain,suchasabloodclot.Ifyouhaveanunremitting（不间断的）headacheononlyone

sideofyourhead,nearthetempleorabovetheear,itmaybeaconditioncalledtemporal

arthritis（颍动脉炎）.Itcanbecuredwithcortisone（可的松）orsteroids（类固醇）,but,

leftuntreated,itcanleadtoblindness.Themostimportantthingtoremember:Anynew

orextremelypainfulheadacheshouldpromptyoutotailyourdoctor.2.ChestPainColds

andrespiratoryinfectionsoftenresultininflammationofthecartilage（软骨）nexttothe

ribs,whichcancausechestpain.Pneumoniaorpleurisy（胸膜炎）,aninflammationofthe

liningofthelungs,canalsoleadtochestorribpain.Soifyourchesthurts,don'tpanic,

butdolookintoit.Chestpaincanindicatesomethingassimpleasagasbubbleinthe

stomach,oritcouldbeaheartattack.Sometimesit'shardtodistinguishbetweenthetwo.

Whenanerveneartheheart（calledthevagusnerve）becomesirritatedbecauseofaheart

attack,itcancausestomachsymptoms.Ifthepaingoesawaywithanantacid（抗酸剂），

it'slesslikelytoberelatedtotheheart.Mosttimes,it'sprobablynotaheartattack,butif

dull,pressure-likechestpaincomesonfornomason,callanambulanceandgettoan

emergencyroom.Whyanambulanceratherthanyourneighbor?Fortwomasons:Many

ambulancesnowcomeequippedwithsophisticatedmonitoringequipment,and

emergencypersonnelaretrainedtoadministernecessarymedicationatatimewhenevery

minutecounts.Anumberofdoctorsalsorecommendthatyoutakeanaspirintoprotect

yourheartfromabloodclotwhiletheambulanceisonitsway.3.Abdominal（腹部的）

PainAllofussufferabdominalpainsoccasionally,andtheircausesaremany.Infact,

therearcentiremedicaltextbooksonhowtoevaluatethisparticulartypeofpain.Inmost

cases,it'ssomethingthatcanbeeasilycured.Abdominalpainthatoccursbeforemeals

andisrelievedbyfoodcanindicateanulcer（溃疡）.Treatmentisgenerallysimple,so

whysuffer?Ifthepainoccurswhenyoueat,itmightmeangastritis（aninflamed

stomach）,oraproblemwiththegallbladder（胆囊）orpancreas（胰腺）.Thepainrelated

toeachoftheseconditionshassomewhatdifferentcharacteristics,soyourdoctorwill

probablyasksuchquestionsaswherethepainradiates,whateasesit,whatmakesitfeel

worse,andwhether（hepaincomesonwhenyouliedown.Moreseriouscausesof

abdominalpaincanincludeproblemswithbloodvesselsthatnourishtheintestines（肠）

orwiththeaorta（thearterythatdistributesoxygen-containingbloodfromtheheartto

otherpartsofthebody）,gallstones,obstructionoftheintestine,aninfection,orcancer.

Whateverthepossiblecause,havethepaincheckedout.4.BruisingandBleedingIfyou

bumpintosomethingandgetabruise,itgenerallyturnsblue-purpleoveradayortwo

andthenslowlyfadestoyellowoverthecourseofanotherfourorfivedays.That's

normalandisnothingtobeconcernedabout.Inaddition,manyofusdevelopmysterious

bruisesfromtimetotimeanddon'trememberbumpingintoanything.Butifyoudevelop

spontaneousrecurrentbruisesinplacesthataren'tpronetobeingbumped,itcouldsignify

adisorderofbloodclotting（凝结）.Itcouldalsobebecauseyou'retakingmedications

thatpredisposeyoutobruising,suchaswayfaring（徒步）,whichisabloodthinner,or

aspirin.Ifyoucutyourselforbrushyourteethtoovigorously,you'llstarttobleed.Putan

antiseptic（抗菌剂）onthecutoreasethepressureonyourtoothbrushandyou'llbefine.

However,ifyounoticeanyrectal值肠的）bleeding,anyvaginalbleedingafter

menopause（更年期），anybloodinyoururine,oranybloodwhenyouvomitorcough,

makeanappointmentwithyourdoctortofindoutthecause.Itmightbeasimple

problem,oritmightpossiblybeserious.5.BreathingProblemsIfyouhaveacold,sinus

(静脉窦)problem,orallergiesthatcausenasalcongestion,youmayfinditdifficultto

breathe.Acoldwillgenerallyclearuponitsowninaweek,andyou'llbebacktonormal

inshortorder.Butifasinusproblemorallergiescontinuetodistressyou,callyour

doctorforanappointmentAsimplemedicationwilloftendothetrick,andyou'llbe

smellingtherosessoon.Peoplewhoarcoutofshapecertainlyfindstrenuousactivity

moredifficultthanthosewhoexerciseregularly,sodifficultybreathingonexertioncan

beasignthatifstimetostartexercising.Butitcouldalsoraisearedflagthatindicates

lungproblems,heartproblems,asthma,orevenanemia.Also,ifyoubecomeshortof

breathwhenyou'relyingdownandhavetopropyourselfupontwoorthreepillowsto

sleepcomfortably,itmightsignalheartfailure.Callyourdoctor.6.SadnessIdon'tknow

asinglepersonwhohasn'tfeltblueorsadfromtimetotime.Thesefeelingsareanormal

componentofhumanemotionanddeserveattentionandrecognition,butnotnecessarily

medicalintervention.Soffyou'rebluebecauseafriendmovedawayorsomeonecloseto

youisill,that'sunfortunate,butit'snotareasontocallyourdoctor.Ifyoufeelsador

irritablemostofthedayforatleasttwoweeks,however,andyoutakelessinterestin

activitiesthatoncegaveyoupleasure,thenit'stimetoseekhelp.Youcouldbesuffering

fromdepression,whichisapainfulanddisablingproblem.Othersignsofdepression

includecryingspellsfornoapparentreason,unexplainedachesandpainsthatwon'tgo

away,difficultyinmakingdecisions,aninabilitytoconcentrate,andafeeling(hat(he

futurelooksgrim.Manypeoplebelievethatpersistentfeelingsofhopelessnessarepartof

aging.That'snottrue.Sobyallmeanstalktoyourdoctor.Fortunately,depressionis

treatable.Nobodyshouldhavetosufferfromit,andnobodyshouldhavetolivewithit.

2、Brainabnormalityiscausedbybloodclot.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章”PersistentHeadaches"部分第二段首句说恶心呕吐以及视觉异常

可能预示着脑部的异常，如脑部有血凝块，而并非脑部异常是由血凝块造成的。

3、Chestpainiscausedbyoverwork.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章没有提及.

4、Thereisanagingsignwhenfeelingsadfromtimetotime.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章最后一段说到"Manypeoplebelievethatpersistentfeelingsof

hopelessnessarepartofaging.That'snottrue"

5、Wcneedn'tworrytoomuchaboutdepression.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章末段有清晰说明。

6^Therearctwotypesofheadache:oneis;theotheristheunfamiliartype.

标准答案：thetypeyouarefamiliarwithandoccursrepeatedlyinrecentyears

知识点解析：文章”PersistentHeadaches"部分的两段分别介绍了两种不同的头疼状

况。

7、Beforetheambulancearrives,thepatientsufferingfromchestpainisadvisedto

标准答案：takeanaspirintoprotecttheheartfromabloodclot

知识点解析：文章”ChestPain”部分的最后一句话有明确叙述。

8、Abdominalpainoccurringbeforemealindicates.

标准答案：ulcer

知识点解析：根据文章"AbdominalPain”部分第一段第四句"Abdominalpainthat

occursbeforemeals...canindicateanulcer.”可得出答案。

9、Ifourteethbleedswhilebrushing,weshould.

标准答案：usesomeantisepticandeasethepressureonthetoothbrush

知识点解析：根据文章"BruisingandBleeding"部分第二段第二句"Pulanantiseptic

onthecutorcasethepressureonyourtoothbrushandyou'llbefine”可得出答案。

10、Ifsomeoneisshortofbreathwhenlyingdown,theremaybe.

标准答案：heartfailureproblem

知识点解析：根据文章中”BreathingProblems”第二段倒数第二句可得出答案。

11、Wecantellwhethersomeonesuffersfromdepressionornotby.

标准答案：checkingifhehasunexplainedachesandpains,orifheiscapableof

concentrating,etc,

知识点解析：总结文章末段可以得出答案。

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题7.0分，共8分°）

12、

A、Thequiziscanceled.

B、Thequizwillbeheldafternextweek'sclass.

C>Thequizwillbepostponeduntilfurthernotice.

D、Thequizwillbeheldinnextweek'sclass.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：女声提的问题是“周三的课取消了，那我们什么时候测验呢?”由此可

推出测验是在课堂上进行的，所以男声的回答就很好理解了，“测验会推迟到下周

的课上进行“，因此选D。要避免听到canceled、或postponed等词就盲目选择。

13、

A、Herefusestocheckintheothersuitcase.

Heonlyhasonesuitcase,andoneofthesuitcaseshe'scarryingisn'this.

C>Hethinksthewomanupaheadshouldcheckinthesuitcase.

D、He'shelpingthewomanupaheadtocheckinthesuitcase.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题发生的场景是在飞机上，女乘务员告诉男乘客只能携带一件随身

行李，多出来的需要到柜台办理托运，男乘客向她解释他手中的行李只有一件是自

己的，另一件是前面的女士的，他只是帮她提一下。givesb.ahand意思是“帮某人

的忙

14、

A^Shefellasleepwhenwatchingtheprogramme.

B、Shedidn'twatchtheprogrammeatall.

C、Sheenjoyedtheprogrammeverymuch.

D^Shedidn'tunderstandthethemeoftheprogramme.

标准答案：A-

知识点解析：本题要注意的是女声在对话中用了虚拟语气，她说：“我真希望我能

醒着更久些.这样我就能把整个节目看完了「”，由此可知选A：她在看节目的时

候睡着了。B的意思是她根本就没有看节目，是不对的。

15、

A^Hehasfinishedthepaper.

B、Heputhispapersomewhereelse.

C、Heforgottobeginresearchinghispaper.

D^Hepostponedtheresearch.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题要注意的是pulsth.off的意思是“推迟”，了解这一点就可以选出

正确答案。

16、

A、Hefindsit'sdifficulttodealwiththedata.

Hecansubmitthereportonlime.

C、Heneedsseveraldaystocompleteanotherreport.

D^Hedoesn'tknowthereportisduetoday.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题要注意imerpret的含义，男声说“我知道报告应该今天交，但我

恐怕还需要几天时间，因为处理数据比我想象的难多了“，因此选A。

17、

A、Shewillgowiththemanmtheairportafterclass.

B、Shethinksit'stooearlyandPalmerhasn'tarrivedyet.

C、ShedecidesnottopickupBalmerasherclasswillfinishlate.

D、ShehastoldPalmerdialshewillmeethimattheairport.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题需要理解女声的言外之意，她说，我很想去，但是我下午的课一

直要上到三点，并且我知道Palmer会搭早班飞机”，也就是说Palmer会到得比较

早，但是她有课来不及去接他，所以就不去了。

18、

A、Cashhischequereceivedfromthenewcafeteria.

B、Gotothecafeteriaintheevening.

C、Openanewcafeteria.

D、Askthenewcafeteriatoseeiftheyhaveanyvacancies.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题要理解checkout并不是指“兑现支票”，而是“弄清楚、搞清楚”

的意思，openings的意思是"（职位）空缺”，不是动词的"开'’的含义。

19、

A^Theyshouldtakethetraininstead.

B>TheyhavetodrivetoShanghaiforeconomicreason.

C^They'dbetterdriverfaster.

D^Theirwatchesarctooexpensive.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题解题有个小技巧，注意转折词but。女声先说乘火车更轻松，但

but的出现说明后半句否定了乘火车，因此应该还是开车去上海。

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共3题，每题7.0

分，共3分。）

20、

A、Problemsthemanhasencounteredwhenwritinghishistorypaper.

B、Theman'sbrokencomputer.

C、Thereasonwhystaringatcomputerscreenmakeseyeshurt.

D、Thewoman'sarticleonthenewspaperabouteyes.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题不能听了第一句就急于回答，否则可能错选A。多听几句之后会

发现讨论的是看电脑和眼睛疼，因此应该选C。要注意女声说她看到了一篇文章，

并不是她的文章登报了，所以不选D。

21、

A、Becauseithappensveryfast.

Becauseitgiveseyesabreak.

C、Becauseitmoistenseyes.

D、Becauseitrelaxeseyes.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这里的moisten是原文中的原词，意思是“使湿润）了解这个词之后

就可以选出正确答案。

22、

A^Havearest.

B、Haveacupofcoffee.

C、Useeyedrops.

D^Sleepearlyinthenight.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：原文中Rex虽然提到点眼药水，但女声并不十分旨定其疗效。而且

女声紧接着用了转折词but,提出了不同意见，那就是多休息。

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分,共4分。）

23、

A、Thedistance-learningcourseisfreeofcharge.

B、Thedistance-learningcourseistaughtbyprofessorsoverseas.

C、Thereisnoregularclassinthedistance-learningcourse.

D、Thereisnoexaminthedistance-learningcourse.

标准答案：c-

知识点解析：原文说上这门课只需要看录像，录像一天放七次，在七个不同的地方

放映，言外之意是没有固定的课堂，不用集中上课。

24、

A、Thetuitionfeeislower.

B、Itismoreflexible.

C、Theprofessorsaremorefamous.

D、Ithelpstoreducetrafficjams.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从原文这一句"Itmustreallyhelpwiththeirschedules,nottomention

howitwillcutdownontraffic.”可以得知远程教育对学生的日程安排帮助很大，也

就是说灵活性较好。后半句是说可以降低交通费用，而不是减少交通堵塞。

25、

A、Becausehewantstolearnmoreaboutcomputer.

B、Becausehehasatightschedule.

C^Becausehewantstosavemoney.

D、Becauseheisagoodtriendofthewoman7s.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：男声说他下学期一周要打三天工，所以他或者减少自己的课时数量,

或者就试试远程教育。

26、

A^Beingunabletocommunicatefacetofacewithothers.

B、Havingexamsandtests.

C、Phonecallsareexpensive.

D、Professorsaretough.

标准答案：A

知识点解析:"Imisshavingclassdiscussionsandhearingwhatotherpeoplethink"这

句话中的miss是“想念”的含义，也就是说她很想念和同学一起讨论的场景。

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题1.0

分，共6分。）

27、

A、Becausetheywanttoearnhighsalary.

B、Becauseschoolsdonotteachstudentshowtochoosejobs.

C>Becausetherehasbeenseverecompetitioninthejobmarket.

D、Becausetheyhavenoworkingexperience.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:细节判断题。由短文中的Thereasonbehindallthisconfusionisthat

thereneverhasbeenapropervocationalguidanceinoureducationalinstitutions.在我胶

的教育机构里，从没有级予过恰当的求职指导，可以推各正确答案为B。

28、

A、Thejobmustnotruinyourtalents.

B、Thejobmustbeabletoshapeyourpersonality.

C>Thejobmustsetapatternoflife.

D、Thejobmustsuityourinterest.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节判断题。问题中的关键词mostimportant对应短文中的you

shouldfirstconsiderJ听以consider后面的内容thetypeofworkwhichwillsuityour

interests适合你兴趣的工作就是此题的答案，因此选项D为正确答案。

29、

A、EarningaLiving

B、CorrectAttitudeonJob-hunting

C、HowtoChooseaJob?

D、WhatCanaGoodJobOffer?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：综合推断题。基于对整篇文章的理解，可以知道本文主要内容是分析

学生毕业后的求职心态，指出问题所在并给出合理建议，所以最恰当的标题应该是

Bo

30、

A^Instructions.

B、Medicine.

C、Money.

D^Thedraftofhisspeech.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节明示题。文章开头提到"hehadreceivedatel叩honecallfromhis

electioncampaignmanageraskingformoney.",可见选举要的是钱,所以选Co

31、

A^BecauseshehadtotypeMr.Bascomb'sspeech.

B、Becauseshehadaheadache.

C、Becauseshehadtomeetsomebusinessmen.

D、Becauseshehadtogethercarfixed.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。文中有明确信息"hercarhadbrokendown"她的车坏了,

进而最合理的推测是她得去修车，所以答案为D。

32、

A、Theproblemofthecity.

Himselfandhisproblems.

C、Thingshehadplannedtosaytohisaudience.

D、Theplanforhisfutureworkasamayor.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节明示题°从这一信息"Hestartedtalkingabouthimselfandhis

problems”可判断他所谈论的是与自己有关的一些问题，所以答案为B。

七、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分，共4分。）

33、

A^Becausepeoplemighthavetomigratetheresomeday.

Becauseitisverymuchliketheearth.

C>Becauseitiseasiertoexplorethanotherplanets.

D^Becauseitsatmosphereisdifferentfromthatoftheearth.

标准答案:A

知识点解析：语意理解题。解答本题的关键是。vercrowding（人门过多），探索火星

或许可以解决地球上人口过多的问题，即意味着或许有一天人们可以向火星移民，

因此选项A正确。

34、

A、Itschemicalelementsmustbestudied.

B、Itstemperaturemustbelowered.

C>Bigspaceshipsmustbebuilt.

D、Itsaliiiosphcrcinublbechanged.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节推断题。短文用虚拟语气表明了人类居住在火星上所需的条件，

即必须要改变火星上的空气，使之与地球一样，所以答案选D。

35、

A、ItinfluencesthesurfacetemperatureofMars.

B、Itprotectslivingbeingsfromharmfulrays.

C、Itkeepsaplanetfromoverheating.

D、Itisthemaincomponentoftheairpeoplebreathe.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题用表示原因的连词since表明科学家研究火星上是

否有足够的氮气是因为氮气占我们呼吸的空气的4/5,所以答案选D。

36、

A、Manwillprobablybeabletolivetherein200years.

B、Scientistsareratherpessimisticaboutit.

C、Manwillprobablybeabletolivetherein100,000years'time.

D、Scientistsareoptimisticaboutovercomingthediffcultiessoon.

标准答案：C」

知识点解析：信息明示题。文章的最后一句话明确表明了科学家预测人类大约需要

100,000年才能住在火星上。所以答案选C。

八、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题7.0分，共

“分。）

Themoretimeswehavewalkedaroute,thelongerwejudgeittobe,aUKresearcherhas

confirmed.His[Bl]couldhelpexplainwhydaily[B2]cangrowto

seeminterminablylong.Neuroscientistshavelongknownthatourbrainsarepoorat

estimatingaset[B3]suchasakilometre.Butmoststudiesofthis[B4]

havebeencarriedoutinsimpleartificial[B5]where,forexample,

peoplewalkalongpathstapedoutinagymnasium.AndrewCromptona（Manchester

University,UK,wantedtoseehowgoodweareatLB6]distancesinthereal

world.Heasked140[B7]studentsintheirfirst,secondandthirdyearsofstudy

to[B8]thedistancefromtheuniversity'sstudent-unionbuildingtofamiliar

destinationsalongastraightroad,[B9].

[BIO].Firstyearstudents,forexample,estimatedamile-

longpathtobearound1.24milesonaverage,whilethirdyearstudentsstretcheditto

1.45miles.CromptonpublishedhisresultsinEnvironmentandBehavior.[BI1]

."Itseemstofitinwithanemergingtheme,"saysaprofessor

whohascarriedoutsuchexperimentsathisuniversityinCanada.

37、[Bl]

标准答案:studies

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、[B2]

标准答案：commutes

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、[B3]

标准答案：distance

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、[B4]

标准答案：phenomenon

知识点解析：暂无解析

41、[B51

标准答案：environments

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、[B6]

标准答案：judging

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、[B7]

标准答案：architecture

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、[B8]

标准答案：estimate

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、[B9]

标准答案；sothelengthofjourneysthattheywouldhavestrolledmanytimes

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、[BIO]

标准答案：Themoretimesstudentshadwalkedtheroute,thefurthertheyestimatedthe

journeytobe.

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、（Bill

标准答案：Theresultsmatchthosefromotherstudiesinwhich,forexample,people

movingthroughavirtualworldtendtooverestimatehewtartheyhavetraveled.

知识点解析：暂无解析

九、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共70题，每题7.0

分，共70分。）

Byeducation,Imeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividualtoproducea

permanentchangeinthehabitsofbehavior,ofthoughtandofattitude.Itisinbeingthus

susceptibletotheenvironmentthatmandiffersfromtheanimals,andthehigheranimals

fromthelower.Theloweranimalsareinlluencedbytheenvironmentbutnotinthe

directionofchangingtheirhabits.Theirinstinctiveresponsesarefewandfixedby

heredity.Whentransferredtoanunnaturalsituation,suchananimalisledastraybyits

instincts.Thustheant-lionwhoseinstinctimpliesittoboreintoloosesandbypushing

backwardswithabdomen,goesbackwardsonaplateofglassassoonasdangerthreatens,

andendeavors,withtheutmostexertionstoboreintoit.Itknowsnoothermodeofflight

orifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandisinterruptediteither

goesonvainlywiththeremainingactions（asuselessascultivatinganunsownfield）or

diesinhelplessinactivity.Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwith

abastionofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovedfromahalffinishedhome,willnot

beginagain,thoughitwillcontinueanotherburrow,evenonemadewithapencil.

Advanceinthescaleofevolutionalongsuchlinesasthesecouldonlybemadebythe

emergenceofcreatureswithmoreandmorecomplicatedinstincts.Suchbeingsweknow

intheantsandspiders.Butanotherlineofadvancewasdestinedtoopenoutamuch

morefar-reachingpossibilityofwhichwedonotseetheendperhapseveninman.

Habits,insteadofbeingbornready-made（whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsat

all)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment,ofwhichthe

mostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredfortheyounganimalduringa

periodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthanthoseoftheinsectsweremoldedtosuit

surroundingswhichmightbeconsiderablychangedwithoutharm.Thismeans,onemight

atfirstimagine,thatgraduallyhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.

Butthisishardlythetruthandcertainlynotthewholetruth.Foralthoughfixedautomatic

responseslikethoseoftheinsect-likecreaturesarenolongerinherited,althoughselection

forpurificationofthatsortisnolongergoingon,yetselectionforeducabilityisvery

definitelystillofimportance.Theabilitytoacquirehabitscanconceivablyinheritjustas

muchascandefiniteresponsestonarrowsituations.Besides,sinceamcchanism-isnow,

forthefirsttime,createdbywhichtheindividual(incontradictiontothespecies)canbe

fittedtotheenvironment,thelatterbecomes,inanothersense,lessnotmoreimporlant.

Andfinally,lessnotthehigheranimalsthatpossessthepowerofchangingtheir

environmentbyengineeringfeatsandthelike,apowerpossessedtosomeextentevenby

thebeaver,andpreeminentlybyman.Environmentandheredityareinnocaseexclusive

butalwayssupplementaryfactors.

48、Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

A^TheEvolutionofInsects

B、EnvironmentandHeredity

C、Education:TheInfluenceoftheEnvironment

D^TheInstinctsofAnimals

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这是一篇科技性的文章，主要是为了说明两个生物和遗传学中重要的

概念：先天的“本能”(instinct)和后天的“习惯”(habit),以及它们之间相互的关系。

选项A可以排除掉。文章的主题显然不是讨论昆虫的进化。选项C,D都分别是

文章讨论的一个侧面。也可以排除。所以应该选B《环境和遗传》。

49、Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexampleoftheant-lioninthefirstparagraph?

A、Instinctsofanimalscanleadtounreasonablereactionsofanimalsinastrange

situation.

Whenitisengagedinachainactionsitcannotbeinterrupted.

C、Environmentandheredityarctwosupplementaryfactorsintheevolutionofinsects.

D、Alongthelinesofevolutionhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第一段讨论动物的本能的时候举了一种“狮蚁”的例子为了说明当

动物的生存环境已经发生了改变的时候，它往往还是按照自己的本能，做出在人们

看来不可思议的举动。

50NBasedontheexampleprovidedinthepassage,wecantellthatwhenaspideris

removedtoanewpositionwherehalfofanethasbeenmade,itwillprobably.

A、beginacompletelynewnet

B、destroythehalf-madenet

C、spintherestofthenet

D、stayawayfromthenet

标准答案：c

知识点露析：这是一道艰据文章中所提供的信息要求考生进行合乎逻辑的类推的题

目。文章中提供的信息是，当一只蜘蛛建造它的小巢的工作进行到一半的时候，到

了一个新的环境，它不会重新开始修建另一个巢穴，而是会继续完成一个半成品的

巢穴。这是动物的本能的反映。依此类推，当人们把一只蜘蛛从一个织了一半的网

上拿到另外一个织了一半的网上的时候，它显然会在本能的驱使下把那个织了一半

的网完成。

51、Whichofthefollowingistrueabouthabitsaccordingtothepassage?

A、Ihcyarcnaturalendowmentstolivingcreatures.

B、Theyaremoreimportantthaninstinctstoallanimals.

C^Theyaresubjecttotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment.

D、Theyarcdestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityintheevolution

ofhumanbeings.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：habit之所以区别于instinct,关键在于动物后天习性受环境影响下的

变化。

52、Whatdoestheword"education"inthefirstparagraphmean?

A、susceptibilitytotheenvironment

B>advanceinthescaleofevolution

C^complicatedinstinctsofanimals

D、formativeinfluenceoftheenvironment

标准答案：D

知识点解析：education在这里不是“教育”，而是外部环境对于生物习性变化的影

响。

Itshardlynewsthattheimmigrationsystemismess.Foreignnationalshavelongbeen

slippingacrosstheborderwithtakepapers,andvisitorswhoarriveintheU.S.

legitimatelyoftenoverstaytheirlegalwelcomewithoutbeingpunished.ButsinceSept.

11,ithasbecomeclearthatterroristshavebeenshrewdlyfactoringtheweaknessesofour

Systemintotheirplans.Inadditiontotheirmasteryofforgingpassports,atleastthreeof

the19Sept.11hijackers（动机者）Werehereonexpiredvisas.That'sbeenasafebet

untilnow.TheImmigrationandNaturalizationService（INS）（移民归化局Hacksthe

resources,andapparentlytheinclination,tokeeptrackoftheestimated2million

foreignerswhohaveintentionallyoverstayedtheirwelcome.Butthislaxness（马

虎）towardimmigrationfraudmaybeabouttochange.Congresshasalreadytakensome

modeststeps.TheU.S.A.PatriotAct,passedinthewakeoftheSept.11tragedy,requires

theFBI,theJusticeDepartment,theStateDepartmentandtheINStosharemoredata,

whichwillmakeiteasiertostopwatchlistedterroristsattheborder.Butwhat'sreally

needed,criticssay,iseventougherlawsandmoreresourcesaimedattighteningup

bordersecurity.Reformersarecallingforarollbackofrulesthathinderlawenforcement.

TheyalsowanttheINStohirehundredsmoreborderpatrolagentsandinvestigatorsto

keepillegalimmigrantsoutandtotrackthemdownoncetheyarehere.Reformersalso

wanttoseetheINSsetupadatabasetomonitorwhethervisaholdersactuallyleavethe

countrywhentheyarerequiredto.Alltheseproposedchangeswerepartofanewborder­

securitybillthatpassedtheHouseofRepresentativesbutdiedintheSenatelastweek.

BeforeSept.11,legislationofthiskindhadbeenblockedbytwopowerfullobbies:

universities,whichrelyontuitionfromforeignstudentswhocouldbekeptoutbythe

newlaw,andbusiness,whichreliesonforeignersforcheaplabor.Sincetheattacks,

they