2025年上海市高考英语热点复习：阅读理解主旨大意题

专题04阅读理解主旨大意题

目录

题型综述.........................................................................2

解题攻略.........................................................................3

题型01文章大意题.............................................................3

题型02段落大意题..............................................................5

题型03标题归纳题..............................................................7

高考练场.........................................................................9

变式演练......................................................

01题型综述

♦题型简介

•主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章中心思想或段落大意的归纳，概括和总结能力。它要求考生能够理解文章的整体结

构和主要内容，把握作者的写作意图。

•这种题型在高考英语阅读中占有重要地位，因为它能体现考生对文章全局的把握，是一种高层次的阅读理解能力考

查。一般来说,每篇阅读理解文章都会涉及至少一道主旨大意题，或者与主旨相关的题目，如最佳标题题等。主旨大意

题的设问方式多样，位置通常在文章后的题目开头或结尾部分,但也可能出现在中间位置。

♦命题类型

•文章主旨题：这类题目要求概括整篇文章的中心思想。例如,"What'sthemainideaofthepassage?”或者t4Thepassage

ismainlyabout..?!o答案选项通常是对文章核心内容的综合表述,涵盖了文章多个段落的要点信息。

•段落主旨题：|主要针对文章中的某一个段落，考查考生对该段落中心内容的理解。如"What'sthemainpointofthe

thirdparagraph?”。答案往往是该段落主题句的同义替换或者对段落细节信息的概括。

•最佳标题题：要求考生从选项中选择一个最适合文章的标题。像“Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?”。

标题要能够准确地反映文章的主题，并且具有吸引力，同时还要简洁明了，避免范围过大或过小。

♦解题思路

•寻找主题句法

>位置判断：主题句在文章中的位置通常有一定规律。大部分情况下，主题句出现在文章的开头部分，开门见山地阐述

文章主旨，有些文章主题句在结尾，起到总结全文的作用,还有少数文章主题句在中间，需要结合上下文来判断。

>特点把握：主题句一般具有概括性强，涵盖范围广的特点，能够准确地表达文章或者段落的核心内容。例如，在一篇讲

述环境保护措施的文章中，开头的主题句可能是“Variouseffectivemeasureshavebeentakentoprotectthe

environmentinrecentyears."»

•归纳法

>细节整合：如果文章没有明显的主题句，就需要对文章的细节信息进行归纳总结。把各个段落的主要内容提炼出来，

寻找它们的共同点或者关联点，从而概括出文章的主旨。

>注意事项：在归纳过程中，要避免遗漏重要信息,同时也要排除那些只涉及部分内容的选项。比如，一篇文章分别介绍

了科技对教育，医疗和交通的积极影响，归纳主旨时就要涵盖这三个方面，不能只强调其中一个领域。

•关注关键词法

>高频词识别：注意文章中反复出现的关键词。这些关键词往往与文章的主题密切相关。例如，一篇文章多次出现“AI

（人工智能）”"machinelearning（机器学习）”“bigdata（大数据）”等词汇，那么文章主旨很可能是关于人工智能

技术及其相关应用的。

>同义替换词注意：同时还要留意与这些关键词意思相近的表达,它们也有助于确定文章主旨。比如，除了“AI”之外，

还出现了"artificialintelligencetechnology”等表达。

♦命题方式

【常见考法】主旨大意题经常使用的提问方式有：

1）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

2）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

3）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

4）What'sthefirst/second/third....paragraphmainlyabout?

5）What'sthemainideadiscussedinthefirst/second/third/..paragraph?

02解题攻略

题型oi段落大意题

籍

一,常见设问方式

•WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?

•Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis.

•Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.

•WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.l?

•Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

二，首尾兼顾法寻找主题句：

1.段首段尾：段首-主题句多为段首一两句（观点或对象）,段尾-主题句也常为段尾句（结论或总结）。

2.段中：主题句有时在段中（前面的话是为引出主题）。

3.无主题句：有时没有主题句,需根据段落内容自己概括。

典例用近

（2025年长宁一模）

Unemploymentisasignificantprobleminmanydevelopingcountries.Withoutsteadywork,individualsstruggletoriseout

ofpoverty,andthecommunityasawholealsomissesout.Manyunemployedpeoplecouldhavedonemuchgoodthroughtheir

labouriftheyhadbeengiventheopportunitytocontribute.Worse,withoutopportunitiesforproperemployment,youngpeople

sometimesturntocrimeandviolenceinordertoprovideforthemselves.Thus,givingpeopleopportunitiestoworkisessentialfor

thecommunity'swell-being.

43.Whatisparagraph1mainlyabout?

A.Theroleofthegovernmentincreatingjobopportunities.

B.Theimportanceofeducationforreducingunemploymentrates.

C.Thenecessityofprovidingworkopportunitiestopreventcrime.

D.Theconsequencesofunemploymentonindividualsandcommunities.

题型02文章大意题

提史秘籍

一，提问方式

•Whafsthemainidea/pointofthepassage?

•Thepassageismainlyabout.

•Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout.

•Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

•Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?

•Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily.

•Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis.

•Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout.

二，主旨大意归纳法：

1.略读法：读文章标题，读首尾段落，读段落首尾句，留意表句段关系的关联词之后的内容。

2.文体法：新闻报道，议论文和说明文-主题句在首段，记叙文，议论文-主题句一般在尾段。

3.词语法：在文中出现频率较高的主题词。

4.概括法：无主题句的文章，需读者自己概括大意。

*找主题句的技巧：

1.段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。

2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

3.作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨，反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

4.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等词，通常是主旨。

典例剖析

（2025年普陀区一模）

Summerhill

Thisisastoryofamodemschool——Summerhill.Summerhillbeganasanexperimentalschool.Itisnolongersuch;itisnow

ademonstrationschool,foritdemonstratesthatfreedomworks.WhenmywifeandIbegantheschool,wehadonemain

philosophy:Zomaketheschoolfitthechild-insteadofmakingthechildfittheschool.

Obviously,aschoolthatmakesactivechildrensitatdesksstudyingmostlyuselesssubjectsisabadschool.Itisagood

schoolonlyforthosewhobelieveinsuchaschool,forthoseuncreativecitizenswhowantobedient,uncreativechildrenwho

willfitintoacivilizationwhosestandardofsuccessisfameandfortune.

Ihadtaughtinordinaryschoolsformanyyears.Iknewtheotherwaywell.Iknewitwasallwrong.Itwaswrongbecauseit

wasbasedonanadultconceptionofwhatachildshouldbeandofhowachildshouldlearn.

Well,wesetouttomakeaschoolinwhichweshouldallowchildrenfreedomtobethemselves.Inordertodothis,wehadto

abandonalldisciplines,alldirections,allsuggestions,allmoraltraining,andallreligiousinstructions.Wehavebeencalled

brave,butitdidnotrequirecourage.Allitrequiredwaswhatwehad-acompletebeliefinthechildasagood,notanevil,

being.

Myviewisthatachildisbomwiseandrealistic.Iflefttohimselfwithoutadultsuggestionsofanykind,hewilldevelopas

farasheiscapableofdeveloping.Logically,Summerhillisaplaceinwhichpeoplewhohavetheinherentabilityandwishto

bescholarswillbescholars;whilethosewhoareonlyfittosweepthestreetswillsweepthestreets.Butwehavenotproduceda

streetcleanersofar.NordoIwritethissnobbishly（势利的），forIwouldratherseeaschoolproduceahappystreetcleanerthan

ananxiousscholar.

38.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.SummerhillSchoolusesauniqueeducationalapproachcenteredongivingchildrenfreedom.

B.SummerhillSchoolbelieveseverychildhasthepotentialtobecomeasuccessfulscholar.

C.SummerhillSchoolrejectsstrictdisciplineandfocusesonachild-centeredenvironment.

D.SummerhillSchoolchallengesthetraditionalmodelbyemphasizingchildren'sindependence.

（2025年嘉定一模）

Somedishesgiveoffanunmistakableairofelegance.Takeaflawlesslyclearconsomme（清炖肉汤）forinstance.Othersare

lessso,likeapizzawithadensecrust.Andthentherearedishesthatseemtobridgethegap,appearingonmenusacrosstherange

oftasteandclass.Thechocolatefondantisonesuchdessert,lovedforitssimple,richpleasureandluxury.

Thoughdifferentintechnique,bothchefssharedavisionofthefondantasafancy,richtreat,adessertdesignedtosatisfy

boththetastebuds（味蕾）andadesireforelegance.Initially,itwasadelicacyreservedforhigh-enddiningroomsandthemost

exclusiverestaurants.InAmerica,itbecameasymbolofrefineddessertculture,representingaparticularkindofelegance.

46.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Thechocolatefondant'ssimplicitymakesiteasyforchefstoprepare.

B.Thechocolatefondanthasgonefromahigh-enddesserttoacommontreat.

C.ThechocolatefondantoriginatesinFranceandthenspreadtothewholeworld.

D.Thechocolatefondantissuperiortootherdessertsbecauseofitsmoltencenter.

题型03标题归纳题

提&秘籍

一，提问方式

•Thebesttitleofthepassageis.

•Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

•Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

•Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis.

二,文章标题四大特性：

1.概括性：概括全文，体现主旨.

2.针对性：内涵相符，范围一致.

3.新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球.

4.简短性：名词短语，动名词短语或祈使句。

文章标题干扰项特点：断章取义（仅为文中一细节），以偏概全，离题太远。

图后弱

（一）理解标题的三大特点：1.概括性一准确而又简短2针对性一标题外延正好与文章内容相符,3.

醒目性一能引发读者的阅读欲望。

（二）确定文章标题：1.正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上,看哪个选项能准确概括主旨2反面否定

法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容,然后和原文章对照,一一排除不

符选项,3.研读，比较四个选项：研读四个选项里面的中心词，修饰词的变化，概括性等。

典例剖析

（2025年长宁一模）

Weoftenpicturetoday'steensassocial-mediaaddicts.Theystareattheirphones24/7andlashoutwhentheycan'thave

theirWeChatfix.Butthetruthismorecomplicated:Whiletheydependonsocialmediatokeepupwithfriends,itdoeshavea

tendencytomakethemfeelhelplessunderthepressure,andtheyknowit.

WhenIspoketofourstudentsatNotreDameHighSchoolinShermanOaks,Calif.,aspartofmynation-wideteenlistening

tour,theytoldmetheymakeconsciouschoicesaboutwhotheysharethingswithonsocialmedia,howtheymanagetheiraccounts

andhowtheyhandletheirownburnout.

Whileteensgenerallyacknowledgethatsocialmediahelpsthemkeepupwiththeirfriends,around45%ofthemsaythey

feeltroubledbythedramatheyoftenencounter,accordingtoPewResearchCenter.Roughlyfourin10teenagerssaytheyfeel

pressuretopostonlythingsthatshowtheminapositivelightorthatgeneratealotofcommentsorlikes.

TheShermanOaksteensIspokewithsaytheytoohavetakenbreakstoavoidburnout.Theyallhavefriendswhodon'teven

botherwithsocialmedia,andtheysaytheyadmireit.Still,thefearofmissingoutusuallydrawsthemback.Or,asoneofthefour

studentstoldme,“Itkindofgetsalittlelonelyafterawhile.9,

39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Thedownsideofsocialmedia:Whyteensgetaddicted

B.Thesocialmedia:Moreconnectivitythanisolationamongteens

C.Theunseenconsequencesofsocialmedia:Ateenageperspective

D.Theinfluenceofsocialmedia:Acomprehensiveteenageanalysis

（2025年金山一模）

Iwaswalkinghomewhenawell-dressedmanpolitelystoppedme."CouldyoutellmewhichwaytoBloorand...“He

struggledtogetthenextwordoutwithapainedlook,butIknewbetterthantofinishhissentenceforhim."...Bathurst?99hesaid

afterseveralsecondsoftrying.WhenIanswered,hetoldmethathedidn'tactuallyneedtoknow.Hewaspractisingstuttering（口

吃）openly,heexplained,hopingtobecomemoreconfidentdoingsoaroundstrangers.

Asforme,I'dsaythatmystutterhasnot“magicallydisappeared“becauseI'vesimplyfoundwaystoconceal（隐藏）it.But

Ihaveabettertherapynow-Iwillgrowalongsideit,anidentityinseparablefromthewaythatIspeak.Thinkingaboutthis,I

decidedtotelltheman,whowasstilllookingatmehopefully:“

39.Whafsthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.Mystutter,myselfB.Newdefinitionsforstutter

C.Stutter,alife-changingdisabilityD.Aspecialencounterwithstutterers

03高考练场

题型oi段落大意题

（上海市实验学校2024-2025学年高三上学期十月月考试卷）

Theseareknownproblems,andthereareplentyofideasouttheretosolvethem.^tFigure-storming^^isawayforpeopleto

combatgroup-thinkbypretendingtobeaninfluentialpersontryingtoaddresstheproblems.Somesimplerrulesaremuchmore

likelytohelp.Definethelimitsofabrainstormingsessionupfront.Trytomakeaspecificthingworkbetterratherthantoshootfor

theMoon.Involvepeopleyoudon'tknow,aswellasthoseyoudo.Startbygettingpeopletowritetheirideasdowninsilence,so

extrovertsandbosseshavelesschancetodominate.Andbeclearaboutthenextstepsafterthesessionisover;theattractionof

holdinga“designsprint（冲刺）"，aweeklong,clear-the-diarywayforateamtodevelopandtestproductprototypes,isthatthe

threadconnectingideastooutcomesistight.Allofthemwouldmakebrainstormingalittlemorethought-provokingandless

heart-sinking.

46.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Varioussolutionstotheproblemswithbrainstorming.

B.How“figure-storming“contributestobrainstorming.

C.Reasonswhybrainstormingsessionsarepainful.

D.Thought-provokingversusheart-sinking.

（2024年新课标高考英语I卷B篇）

“Iamnotcrazy,“saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture（针灸）onarabbit."Iamaheadofmy

Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.

ButFarberiscertainhe'llhavethelastlaugh.He'soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians（兽医）now

practicing“holistic“medicine-combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic（按摩疗法）and

herbalmedicine.

Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedin

alternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittle

relief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.

Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,he

beganofferingthemtopets.

LeighTindale'sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewasprepared

toputhimtosleep,butFarber'streatmentseasedherdog'ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforan

additionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfbrtably^^

afterachiropracticadjustment.

Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemaybe

right:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.

""Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,,,hesays.t6Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.Thafsmyjob.^^

26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.

B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians9work.

C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.

D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.

题型02文章大意题

（上海市宝山区上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试）

Almosthalfamillionyoungoak（橡树）treeshavebeensavedafterTheTimesrevealedtheywereduetobedestroyed

becauseofdelaysingovernmenthelptocreatemorewoodland.

AtreenurserysaidinMarchthatithadbeenunabletofindbuyersfortheoneandtwo-year-oldseedlingsofEngland's

nationaltree.

AfterTheTimesreportedontheplan,dozensofcharities,communitygroupsandindividualsalloverthecountrygotin

touchwithMaelortoaskiftheycouldhelp.

NatashaSomers,avolunteerforSavetheOaks,said,“Thesupportwe'veseenshowshowacommunitycancometogetherin

difficulttimes.It'sclearthatpeoplewanttoactforabetterfuture,onewherehumanityandnatureareconnected.^^

39.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Aprospectiveapproachtoplanting.

B.Anationwideefforttosaveoaktrees.

C.Atreenurserydevotedtopreservingendangeredtrees.

D.Aspeciesoftreesthatarethreatenedwithextinction.

（2024年新课标高考英语II卷C篇）

Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftraveland

coveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer'smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,Babylon

Micro-Farm（BMF）shortensitevenmore.

BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,

restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.

Specifically,ifsafarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,

thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducesthe

amountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.

Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod（容器）togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.

Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit'seatenmeanszeroemissions（排放）fromtransportingplantsfrom

soiltosalad.Inaddition,there?snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurrounding

environment.

BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,

theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.ctWearepassionateabout

reducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,9,saidaBMFemployee.

11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.BMFsmajorstrengths.B.BMF'sgeneralmanagement.

C.BMF'sglobalinfluence.D.BMF'stechnicalstandards.

题型03标题归纳题

（上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试卷）

“Goodmorning,everyone.Goodmorning.9,It's5:30a.m.,andaspeaker-announcementjoltsmeawakefromadeadsleep.

“Wehaveabout20orsohumpbackwhalesoutsideourship.”

Ilaunchmyselfoutofbed,dartingoutofmycabinanduptoaviewingdeck.Theretheyare,archingtheirknobbydorsalfins

gracefullyabovethewaterandcastingtheirflukesintothecrispmorningairbeforetakingashallowdive.Shortlyafter,the

sunriseannouncesitself.Then,icebergsappearoutofthemist.

OnceapostdocandresearchscientistattheUniversityofMichigan,KurtHilligtakesphotosofeverythingfromflowersto

glaciersalongtheway.Recordkeeping."ThisisherenowandI'mherenow,“hesays."I'mtryingtocaptureitbeforeit

disappears,soIcanshareitwithotherpeopleshowthemthisiswhattheworldcouldhavebeen,ifwehadn'tbeensodrivenby

profitinsteadofpleasure.

39.Thebesttitleforthepassageis.

A.Last-ChanceTourismB.ASustainableExpedition

C.EscapingtoEndangeredPlacesD.RiskyAdventures:TheLastFrontier

（2024年全国高考英语甲卷B篇）

Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals（声音）thatthey

relyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossess

amazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.If

apetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytend

toproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother's

attentionandbefed.

Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheir

environmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,

anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyour

faceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.Thatswhymostpetcatsareabletotell

immediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.

Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandom

objectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators（食肉动物）.

Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit*sbeenintheir

naturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!

7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TipsonFindingaSmartCatB.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehavior

C.HaveFunwithYourCatD.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy

变式演练

（2025年崇明一模）

ThePulitzersareAmericanawardsgivenwithintheUnitedStatesforoutstandingachievementinjournalismaswellas

books,dramaandmusic.Undertheseheadings,thereare22categoriesincludingonlinejournalism,newspaperreporting,

fiction,history,music,drama,poetry,photographyandmore.Recipientscanbeanewsorganization,anindividualoragroupof

people.

Eachofthefirst21winnersreceivesa$15,000cashprizeandacertificate.Thetwenty-secondprize,however,isthe

PublicServicePrize,whichisalwaysgiventoanewsagency.Insteadofcash,thenewsorganizationreceivesthePulitzerGold

Medal.Thenameoftheyear'swinnerisononesideofthecoinandtheyearisontheother.Allwinnersarehonoredand

awardedtheirprizesatanannuallunchparty.TheeventtakesplaceatColumbiaUniversity,whichwasoriginallytaskedwith

administeringtheaward,andusuallyoccursinMay.

Ifithadn,tbeenforaHungarian-AmericannamedJosephPulitzer,theawardswouldneverhavecomeintoexistence.

PulitzerwasbomintoawealthyfamilyinHungaryin1847.HemadehiswaytoAmericaandbuiltacareerinjournalism.He

developedareputationasanambitiousandenergeticyoungjournalist.By1872Pulitzerhadbecomeapublisher,andsixyears

laterheownedanewspapercompany.In1883hepurchasedyetanothernewspaper.Hebecameknownassomeonewhowas

notafraidtotakeapublicstandagainstcorruption（腐败）.

Afterasuccessfulcareerinjournalism,sevenyearsbeforehisdeath,Pulitzerwroteawill,leaving$2,000,000to

ColumbiaUniversity.ThemoneywastoestablishaschoolofjournalismatColumbiaandasetofawards.Pulitzer'sdesirewas

toraisethestandardsofjournalism.Hehopedtheprizewouldactasastimulusforjournaliststoworkforexcellence-then

andintothefuture.

FaithfullyfollowingPulitzer'sinstructions,ColumbiaUniversityawardedtheveryfirstPulitzerPrizesin1917.Today

theseawardsareconsideredsomeofthemostdistinguishedprizesinAmerica.

36.WhatcanbeknownaboutthePulitzers?

A.Theirrecipientsallgetcashprizes.B.Thereare21winnerseachyear.

C.Theyareawardedworldwide.D.Theygobeyondjournalism.

37.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatJosephPulitzer.

A.washumorousandcourageousB.wasraisedupinajournalist9sfamily

C.hadastrongsenseofjusticeD.soughtagoalofproducingwealth

38.Pulitzerestablishedtheprizesmainlyto.

A.facilitatebetterjournalismB.diversifywaysofaccesstojournalism

C.supportColumbiaUniversityD.stimulatepeopletobecomejournalists

39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.PulitzerPrizes:JosephPulitzer'sLifetimeAmbition

B.PulitzerPrizes:SomeofAmerica'sGreatestHonors

C.PulitzerPrizes:AwardsforDistinguishedJournalists

D.PulitzerPrizes:AnnualEventsatColumbiaUniversity

（2025年青浦一模）

Humandoctorsperformamputations,surgicalremovalsofanarm,leg,orfinger,afteraseriousinjury.Butnewresearch

showsthatsomeantsperformamputationsoninjuredantstohelpthemsurviveaninjury.Thebehaviorwasdocumentedin

Floridacarpenterants.

TwocarpenterantsareseeninalaboratoryattheUniversityofLausanne.Scientistssaidtheyeithercleanedthewound

usingtheirmouthpartsoramputatedthelimb,orleg,bybitingitoff.Thechoiceofcaredependedontheinjury'slocation.

Whenitwasfurtheruptheleg,theyalwaysamputated.Whenitwasfurtherdown,theyneveramputated.

ErikFrankoftheUniversityofWurzburginGermanyistheleadwriteroftheresearch.Franksaidthestudydescribes4tfbr

thefirsttimehowanon-humananimalusesamputationsonanotherindividualtosavetheirHebelieves"thattheants'

"medicalsystem'tocarefortheinjuredisthemostcomplicatedintheanimalkingdom,9,andcompareswelltohuman

medicine.

'Injuriesfurtherdowntheleghaveanincreasedflowofhemolymph（血淋巴）,“Franksaid.Soharmfulbacteriacanenter

thebodyafteronlyfiveminutes.Anamputationwouldnothelpinfectionafterthattime.Hecontinued,"Injuriesfurtherupthe

leghaveamuchslowerhemolymphflow,givingenoughtimefortimelyandeffectiveamputations.^^

Thestudyfoundthatafteranupperleginjury,anantthatexperiencesamputationhasasurvivalrateof90to95percent.

Forlowerleginjuriesinwhichjustcleaningwasperformed,thesurvivalratewasabout75percent,comparedtoabout15

percentforinjuriesthatreceivednocare.

Antscanfunctionwellwithoutoneoftheirsixlegs.Andonlyfemaleantsperformthetreatmentofwoundsbycleaningor

amputation.€tAllworkerantsarefemale.Malesplayonlyaminorroleinantcommunity,Franksaid.

Sowhydoantsdotheseamputations?Franksaid,"Thereisaverysimpleevolutionaryreasonforcaringfortheinjured.It

savesresources.Henotedthatifanantcouldbesavedwithlittleefforttoremainproductive,"'thereisaveryhighvalueof

doingso.^^"Atthesametime,ifanindividualistooheavilyinjured,theantswillnotcareforher,butratherleaveherbehindto

die,^^Frankadded.

43.Thetypeoftreatmentsappliedtoinjuredantsdependson.

A.howthemedicalsystemoftheantsisdeveloped

B.whethertheantstillremainsproductiveandvaluable

C.whichkindofantsperformsthetreatmentsofwounds

D.whethertheantsuffersfromanupperleginjuryoralowerone

44.Whatcanweinferfromthesurvivalratesmentioned