专题02阅读理解(说明文)(一)

专题02阅读理解(说明文)(一)高频话题01人与自我—个人保健/医疗Passage1[2025·江苏无锡·期终教学质量调研(一模)]Vaping(抽电子烟)damagesyoungpeople’slungsasmuchassmoking,accordingtoaresearchthathascausedfreshdebateoverthehealthrisksofecigarettes.Thestudyparedvapersandsmokersinanintenseexercisetestandfoundbothgroupslessfitandmuchmoreoutofbreaththanpeoplewhohaveneitherhabit.Dr.AzmyFaisalandcolleaguesatManchesterMetropolitanUniversityasked60peopleintheir20stohavetheirlungcapacityrecorded.Twentywerenonsmokers,20othershadvapedforatleasttwoyearsandtheother20hadsmokedforatleasttwoyears.Thetestmeasuredthemaximumamountofphysicalexercisethatsomeonecouldachieve,andfoundthatthevapershadanaverage“peakexercisecapacity”,which,at186watts,wassimilartothatofthesmokers(182watts)butmuchlowerthanthatamongthenonsmokers(226watts).Inaddition,thevapersandsmokerswerelessabletotakeinoxygen—at2.7litresand2.6litresaminuterespectively—thanthosewhoneithersmokednorvaped(3litres).“Thestudyaddstogrowingevidencethatlongtermuseofvapingisdetrimentalandchallengestheideathatvapingcouldbeahealthieralternativetosmoking”,saidFaisalandhiscoauthorsofthestudy.Medicalresearchershavealsofoundevidencethatvapingincreasestheriskofcancer,becauseitchangestheirDNA,andalsothatitmaydamagethebrainandvitalorgansbecauseecigaretteaerosols气溶胶)andliquidscancontaintracesofpoisonousmetalssuchasleadanduranium.Dr.FilipposFilippidis,ChairmanoftheERS’stobaccocontrolmittee,said,“Vapesarebeingsoldcheaplyandinavarietyofflavourstoappealtoyoungpeople.”Doctorsandpolicymakersneedtoknowabouttherisksofvapingandweshouldbedoingallwecantohelpchildrenandyoungpeopletoavoidorquitvaping.1.HowisFaisal’sresearchconducted?A.Bymeasuringoxygenintakeintheblood.B.Byrecordingexercisecapacitiesatdifferentages.C.Byparinghealthconditionsindifferentexercises.D.Byanalyzinglungcapacitiesamongdifferentgroups.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“detrimental”inparagraph6probablymean?A.Harmful. B.Mysterious.C.Unimportant. D.Unpredictable.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Vapingwillsoonbepletelybanned.B.Morepeoplewillstartvapinginthefuture.C.Healthrisksofvapinghaven’tbeenunderstoodbyall.D.Strictruleswillbemadetoregulatethepriceofvapingproducts.4.Whatmightbediscussedinthefollowingparagraph?A.Thehistoryanddevelopmentofvapingproducts.B.Theparisonbetweendifferentecigarettebrands.C.Specificmeasurestohelpyoungpeopletoquitvaping.D.Differentopinionsofyoungpeoplewhovaperegularly.【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了一项研究表明，抽电子烟对年轻人肺部的损害程度与吸烟相当，引发了人们对电子烟健康风险的新一轮争论。1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Dr.AzmyFaisalandcolleaguesatManchesterMetropolitanUniversityasked60peopleintheir20stohavetheirlungcapacityrecorded.(曼彻斯特城市大学的AzmyFaisal博士和他的同事让60名20多岁的人记录他们的肺活量。)”和第四段“Thetestmeasuredthemaximumamountofphysicalexercisethatsomeonecouldachieve,andfoundthatthevapershadanaverage“peakexercisecapacity”,which,at186watts,wassimilartothatofthesmokers(182watts)butmuchlowerthanthatamongthenonsmokers(226watts).(该测试测量了某人所能达到的最大运动量，并发现抽电子烟的人的平均“最大运动能力”为186瓦，与吸烟者(182瓦)相似，但远低于非吸烟者(226瓦)。)”可知，Faisal的研究是通过分析不同人群的肺活量来进行的。故选D项。2.词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“‘Thestudyaddstogrowingevidencethatlongtermuseofvapingisdetrimentalandchallengestheideathatvapingcouldbeahealthieralternativetosmoking’,saidFaisalandhiscoauthorsofthestudy.(Faisal和他的研究合著者说:‘这项研究为长期使用电子烟……这一日益增多的证据增添了内容，并挑战了电子烟可能是吸烟更健康替代品这一观点。’)”可知，Faisal和他的研究合著者的研究挑战了电子烟可能是吸烟更健康替代品这一观点即长期用电子烟是不健康的，由此画线词所在句提到的是研究为“电子烟有害”增添了证据。故画线词意思是“有害的”与A选项“Harmful.(有害的)”为同义词。故选A项。3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Doctorsandpolicymakersneedtoknowabouttherisksofvapingandweshouldbedoingallwecantohelpchildrenandyoungpeopletoavoidorquitvaping.(医生和决策者需要了解电子烟的风险，我们应该尽我们所能帮助儿童和年轻人避免或戒除电子烟。)”可推知，不是所有人都了解电子烟的健康风险。故选C项。4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Doctorsandpolicymakersneedtoknowabouttherisksofvapingandweshouldbedoingallwecantohelpchildrenandyoungpeopletoavoidorquitvaping.(医生和决策者需要了解电子烟的风险，我们应该尽我们所能帮助儿童和年轻人避免或戒除电子烟。)”可知，最后一段强调了医生和决策者需要了解电子烟的风险，并帮助年轻人避免或戒除电子烟，由此可推知，接下来可能会讨论帮助年轻人戒除电子烟的具体措施。故选C项。Passage2[2025·浙江嵊州·一模]Theexperimentssoundlikesomethingoutofahorrormovie.Sewtwomicetogethersothattheysharebloodinasinglecirculatorysystem.Thisprocedurehasledtonewdiscoveriesinthestudyofaging.Studiesusingtheprocedure,calledparabiosis,suggestthatpumpingbloodfromyoungmiceintooldmicecanmaketheoldmiceactyoungagain.Butscientistsarestilltesting“youngblood”anddebatingwhetheritreallyholdsthesecrettoturningbacktime.Inthe2000s,ThomasRando,aneurologistatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,conductedanexperimentusingparabiosis.Hefoundthattheyoungmousebloodcausedcertaincellsinoldermicetohelprepairdamagedmuscles.Butthebloodfromoldmicealsoaffectedyoungmiceinnegativeways.Rando’sexperimentalsohintedatsomegrowthofnewbraincells.ThisreallyinterestedTonyWyssCoray,aneuroscientistatStanfordUniversity.In2011,WyssCorayandhisgraduatestudentSaulVilledafoundthatifoldmicereceivedbloodfromyoungmice,theyexperiencedaburstofcellgrowthinthehippocampus—asmanyasthreetofourtimesmorenewcellsthanmicethatdidnotreceiveyoungblood.Andifyoungmicereceivedoldblood,thisslowedcellgrowth,makingthemiceoldbeforetheirtime.ThiswaspartlyduetoahighlevelofaproteincalledCCL11inoldblood.CCL11blocksthegrowthofnewbraincells.Theseresultsstirredagreatdealofexcitement.WhatifyoungbloodcouldhelpAlzheimer’spatientsimprovetheirmemories?ThisisexactlywhatWyssCoraysetouttolearn.MichaelandIrinaConboy,researchscientistsatUCBerkeleywhoworkedwithThomasRandohaveconductedabloodexchangeexperiment.TheConboysnotedthatalthoughyoungbloodhadsomepositiveeffectsonoldermice,it’snotsomuchthatyoungbloodhasmagicalagedefyingproperties.Instead,itjusthelpsfilteroutordilutesomeofthe“badstuff”inoldblood.“Scienceistheprocessofrefiningthequestionswehave,”Conboysays.Researchersarehopefulthat,onedaysciencewillfinallyunlockthesecretsofaging.1.WhymightyoungmicereceivingoldbloodbeeolderaccordingtoWyssCoray?A.Cellgrowthinthehippocampus. B.Agedefyingproperties.C.RepairedmusclesduringParabiosis. D.HighamountofCCL11.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dilute”meaninparagraph5?A.Identify. B.Weaken. C.Intensify. D.Locate.3.Whatdotheresearchersthinkoftheprospectsoftheexperiments?A.Unconvincing. B.Skeptical. C.Promising. D.Unclear.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.OverturningOldAge B.RegainingLostMemoriesC.MaintainingHealthyCells D.UncoveringAlzheimer’sDisease【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是通过年轻血液逆转衰老的前沿研究，探讨其对老化机制的理解及潜在的医学应用前景。1.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Andifyoungmicereceivedoldblood,thisslowedcellgrowth,makingthemiceoldbeforetheirtime.ThiswaspartlyduetoahighlevelofaproteincalledCCL11inoldblood.CCL11blocksthegrowthofnewbraincells.(如果年轻的老鼠接受了年老的血液，这就会减缓细胞的生长，使老鼠提前衰老。这在一定程度上是由于老年老鼠血液中一种叫做CCL11的蛋白质含量很高。CCL11阻断新脑细胞的生长。)”可知，年轻老鼠接受年老的血液会使老鼠提前衰老，在很大程度上由于老年老鼠血液中一种叫做CCL11的蛋白质含量很高。故选D项。\2.词句猜测题。根据划线单词前的“TheConboysnotedthatalthoughyoungbloodhadsomepositiveeffectsonoldermice,it’snotsomuchthatyoungbloodhasmagicalagedefyingproperties.(两位科学家指出，尽管年轻的血液对年老的老鼠有一些积极的影响，但并不是说年轻的血液有神奇的抗衰老特性。)”可知，两位科学家认为年轻血液对年老老鼠有积极影响，但并非是年轻血液有神奇的抗衰老特性，结合“Instead,itjusthelpsfilterout ordilutesomeofthe“badstuff”inoldblood.(相反，它只是帮助过滤掉旧血液中的一些“坏东西”。)”可知，划线单词所在的句子解释了年轻血液对年老老鼠有积极影响是因为它过滤掉了旧血液中的一些“坏东西”，划线单词与filterout用or连接，为选择关系，由此可知，年轻血液的作用在于过滤或减弱老年血液中的一些不良物质的影响，所以，划线单词的意思与“减弱”意义相近。故选B项。3.推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Researchersarehopefulthat,onedaysciencewillfinallyunlockthesecretsofaging.(研究人员希望有一天科学能够最终揭开衰老的秘密。)”可知，研究人员对未来的科学研究充满希望，认为有一天科学能够揭示衰老的秘密，这反映了他们对研究前景持乐观态度。故选C项。4.主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Studiesusingtheprocedure,calledparabiosis,suggestthatpumpingbloodfromyoungmiceintooldmicecanmaketheoldmiceactyoungagain.Butscientistsarestilltesting“youngblood”anddebatingwhetheritreallyholdsthesecrettoturningbacktime.(使用这种被称为异种共生的方法的研究表明，将年轻老鼠的血液注入年老老鼠体内，可以使年老老鼠恢复年轻的行为。但科学家们仍在测试“年轻血液”，并争论它是否真的拥有让时间倒流的秘密。)”以及下文中介绍的斯坦福大学的神经科学家ThomasRando以及TonyWyssCoray对该研究的进一步实验和分析和加州大学伯克利分校的研究科学家迈克尔和伊琳娜·康博伊曾与托马斯·兰德合作进行的一项血液交换实验情况可知，本文主要讨论了通过年轻血液逆转衰老的研究和发现，包括其可能对阿尔茨海默病患者记忆改善的影响，所以题目“颠覆衰老”与本文的内容吻合，且可以概括本文的主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A项。Passage3[2025江西省部分学校高三下学期2月一模]Forcenturies,scientistshavepeeredthroughmicroscopestounderstandthebasicunitsoflife.Now,they’reproposingsomethingfarmoreambitious:creatingpletevirtualcopiesofhumancells—whattheycallartificialintelligencevirtualcells(AIVCs)—thatcanbestudied,controlled,andtestedwiththepowerofartificialintelligence.Tounderstandwhythisisagreatundertaking,considerwhatmakescellsplex.Everyhumancellcontainsroughly42millionproteinmoleculesand20,000differentgenes,allinteractinginplicatedwayswe’restillstrugglingtofullyprehend.Theseponentsdon’toperateinisolation—theyformvastnetworksofinteractionsthatcandramaticallychangebasedontinyadjustments.Now,tworevolutionaryadvancesareheretomakevirtualcellspossible:theexplosionofbiologicaldatacollectionmethodsanddramaticimprovementsinartificialintelligence.Modernlaboratorytechniquescangenerateenormousdatasetsaboutcellularponentsandbehavior,withthevolumeofdatadoublingeverysixmonths.Thepossibleapplicationsofsuchasystemcanbetransformative.Imagineafuturewheredoctorscouldcreatea“digitaltwin”ofyourcells—avirtualcopythatwouldletthemtestdifferenttreatmentsonaputerbeforegivingthemtoyou.Thiscouldbeparticularlyrevolutionaryforcancertreatment,wheredoctorscouldsimulate(模拟)howdifferentbinationsofdrugsmightaffectyourcancercells,potentiallyavoidingharmfulsideeffectsandfindingthemosteffectivetreatmentmorequickly.However,thebenefitswouldextendfarbeyondindividualpatientcare.Cancerbiologistscouldusethesevirtualcellstobetterunderstandhowspecificgeneticmutations(基因突变)transformhealthycellsintounhealthyones.Developmentalbiologistscouldtrackhowcellschangeasorganismsgrow,potentiallyuncoveringnewwaystotreatagerelateddiseases.Microbiologistscouldmodelviralinfectionstopredictnotjusthowvirusesaffectindividualcellsbuthowtheymightimpactentireorgansorsystems.EmmaLundberg,associateprofessorofbioengineeringandpathologyatStanford,says,“Thisprojectrequirescooperationacrossscientificfields,industriesandnations,andweunderstandthatfullyfunctionalmodelsmightnotbeavailableforadecadeormore.Withtoday’srapidlyexpandingAIcapabilitiesandmassivedatasets,thetimeisripeforustounitetoreachforthestars.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“inisolation”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Innovatively. B.plicatedly. C.Physically. D.Separately.2.Howcoulddoctorsmainlyusethevirtualcellsystem?A.Matchhealthycellsforpatients. B.Testpossibletreatmentsinadvance.C.Createrealcopiesofhealthycells. D.Teachrobotstoconductsurgery.3.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Otherpotentialapplicationsofvirtualcells. B.Enormousbenefitsofindividualpatientcare.C.Howscientistsinmedicinecooperatetogether. D.Howsomediseasesaredetectedandprevented.4.WhatisthemainpurposeofEmmaLundberg’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Tocallforjointeffortstopletetheproject.B.Toremindscientiststowaitforthetimetostart.C.Towarnagainstspendingmuchtimeonthegoal.D.Toacknowledgecurrenttransformativeadvances.【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了创建人工智能虚拟细胞(AIVCs)的设想，以及它的应用前景和实现问题。1.词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“theyformvastnetworksofinteractionsthatcandramaticallychangebasedontinyadjustments(它们形成了巨大的互动网络，可以根据微小的调整产生巨大的变化。)”可知是对上文的解释，所以推知上文意思是这些组成部分并不是孤立运作的，所以inisolation意为“孤立地”和separately同义，故选D。2.细节理解题。根据第四段“Imagineafuturewheredoctorscouldcreatea“digitaltwin”ofyourcells—avirtualcopythatwouldletthemtestdifferenttreatmentsonaputerbeforegivingthemtoyou.(想象一下，未来医生可以为你的细胞创造一个“数字双胞胎”——一个虚拟的副本，让他们在给你治疗之前在电脑上测试不同的治疗方法。)”可知，医生主要利用虚拟细胞系统提前测试可能的治疗方法。故选B。3.主旨大意题。根据第五段“However,thebenefitswouldextendfarbeyondindividualpatientcare.Cancerbiologistscouldusethesevirtualcellstobetterunderstandhowspecificgeneticmutations(基因突变)transformhealthycellsintounhealthyones.Developmentalbiologistscouldtrackhowcellschangeasorganismsgrow,potentiallyuncoveringnewwaystotreatagerelateddiseases.Microbiologistscouldmodelviralinfectionstopredictnotjusthowvirusesaffectindividualcellsbuthowtheymightimpactentireorgansorsystems.(然而，它的好处将远远超出对病人的个人护理。癌症生物学家可以利用这些虚拟细胞来更好地了解特定的基因突变是如何将健康细胞转化为不健康细胞的。发育生物学家可以追踪生物体生长过程中细胞的变化，从而有可能发现治疗与年龄相关疾病的新方法。微生物学家可以模拟病毒感染，不仅可以预测病毒如何影响单个细胞，还可以预测病毒如何影响整个器官或系统。)”可知该段主要讲的是虚拟细胞的其他潜在应用。故选A。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“EmmaLundberg,associateprofessorofbioengineeringandpathologyatStanford,says,“Thisprojectrequirescooperationacrossscientificfields,industriesandnations,andweunderstandthatfullyfunctionalmodelsmightnotbeavailableforadecadeormore.Withtoday’srapidlyexpandingAIcapabilitiesandmassivedatasets,thetimeisripeforustounitetoreachforthestars.”(斯坦福大学生物工程和病理学副教授艾玛·伦德伯格(EmmaLundberg)说：“这个项目需要跨科学领域、行业和国家的合作，我们知道，功能齐全的模型可能在十年或更长时间内无法实现。”随着人工智能能力和海量数据集的迅速发展，我们联合起来摘星的时机已经成熟。”)”可推知EmmaLundberg说这段话的目的是呼吁共同努力完成这个项目，故选A。Passage4[2025湖南省株洲市高三教学质量统一检测(一模)考试]Animalshibernate(冬眠)toconserveenergyduringcoldmonthswhenfoodisinshortage,slowingtheirheartrateanddroppingtheirbodytemperaturetoenteraninactivestate.Thisisonlysurvivableiftheirbloodcontinuestoflowandsupplyoxygentothebody,butscientistshaven’tfullyunderstoodhowthishappens.Iftheycanfigureouthow,thepotentialsignificanceisthatpeoplemightonedaybeabletocopytheprocessformedicaltreatmentsorlongdistancespacetravel.Scientistsalreadyknowthatredbloodcellschangeshapetofitdifferentpressuresandbloodvesselsizes.Toinvestigateifsomethinglikethishappensinthecellsofhibernatinganimalstokeepbloodflowing,GeraldKerthandhisteamturnedtobats.Byanalysingthousandsofredbloodcellsfrombatsandpeople,theydiscoveredthatthecellsbecamethickerandstickierastemperaturesdroppedfrom37℃to23℃.Butwhentheycooledthecellsto10℃,thebatcellscontinuedthismetamorphosis,whereasthehumancellsdidnot.Indeed,thebatcellscontinuedtofunction.Thischangemightslowdownthecellsastheypassthroughcapillaries(毛细血管)inthemusclesandlungs,makingthemefficientatexchanginggases,likeoxygen,throughoutthebody.Theteambelievesthatthemechanicalpropertiesofthebatredbloodcellmembranes(膜)playakeyrole.Thefindingssuggestthatdrugscouldonedayenablehumanredbloodcellmembranestoimitatethewaythebatmembranesreacttothecold.Surgeonsalreadyusebodycoolingduringcertainprocedurestoslowdownmetabolism,whichcanhelppreventorgandamageinpeopleexperiencingheartattacks,organtransplantsormajorbrainsurgery.“Beingabletolengthenthatcoolingtime,ordropthetemperaturelower,couldincreasethosebenefits,”saysKerth.Natureisfullofyettobedisclosedsecretsthatcanteachushowtooverepresentandfuturemedicalandtechnologicalchallenges.Inthefuture,hibernationwillallowofefficientlongdistancespacetravel,requiringminimumfoodandresourceswhilepreservinghealthduringthejourney.1.Whyisstudyinganimalhibernationsignificant?A.Itbenefitshuman’sactivestates. B.Itbringsaboutmedicaladvances.C.Itcontributestoatourismboom. D.Itpromiseshuman’shealthyheartrate.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“metamorphosis”inparagraph3mean?A.Decline. B.Destruction. C.Transportation. D.Transformation.3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A.Coolingtechniqueshaveimproved. B.Drugsmakehumancellsworklikebatcells.C.Bodycoolingmattersinsurgeries. D.Lowerbodytemperaturehelpsorganrecovery.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardGeraldKerth’sresearch?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，变形红细胞帮助蝙蝠冬眠，如果我们能找出其中的奥秘，也许有一天人类也能复制这一过程，用于医疗或远距离太空旅行。文章介绍了GeraldKerth及其团队在这方面的研究及重要发现。1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Iftheycanfigureouthow,thepotentialsignificanceisthatpeoplemightonedaybeabletocopytheprocessformedicaltreatmentsorlongdistancespacetravel.(如果他们能弄清楚如何做到这一点，潜在的意义在于，人们有一天可能能够复制这一过程，用于医疗或长途太空旅行)”可知，研究动物冬眠之所以重要是因为它会带来医学进步，故选B。2.词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Byanalysingthousandsofredbloodcellsfrombatsandpeople,theydiscoveredthatthecellsbecamethickerandstickierastemperaturesdroppedfrom37℃to23℃.Butwhentheycooledthecellsto10℃,thebatcellscontinuedthismetamorphosis,whereasthehumancellsdidnot.(通过分析来自蝙蝠和人类的数千个红细胞，他们发现，当温度从37℃降至23℃时，这些细胞变得更厚、更坚硬。但是当他们将细胞冷却到10℃时，蝙蝠细胞继续这种metamorphosis，而人类细胞则没有)”可知，温度下降时红细胞会变得更厚、更坚硬，metamorphosis指的是红细胞的这种“改变”，故选D。3.推理判断题。根据第四段中“Surgeonsalreadyusebodycoolingduringcertainprocedurestoslowdownmetabolism,whichcanhelppreventorgandamageinpeopleexperiencingheartattacks,organtransplantsormajorbrainsurgery.(外科医生已经在某些手术过程中使用身体降温来减缓新陈代谢，这有助于防止心脏病发作、器官移植或大型脑部手术患者的器官损伤)”可知，在手术中，身体降温很重要，故选C。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Natureisfullofyettobedisclosedsecretsthatcanteachushowtooverepresentandfuturemedicalandtechnologicalchallenges.Inthefuture,hibernationwillallowofefficientlongdistancespacetravel,requiringminimumfoodandresourceswhilepreservinghealthduringthejourney.(大自然充满了尚未揭示的秘密，这些秘密可以教会我们如何克服当前和未来的医疗和技术挑战。在未来，冬眠将允许高效的长途太空旅行，需要最少的食物和资源，同时在旅途中保持健康)”可知，作者对GeraldKerth的研究持赞成态度，故选D。高频话题02人与社会—科学技术Passage1[2025湖南省长沙市第一次新高考适应性考试]Artificialintelligence—orAI—istheputercode(代码)thatallowsamachinetodosomethingthatnormallyrequiresahumanbrain.OnTikTok,forinstance,AIsortsthepostssothatthefirstonesyouseearelikelytobethoseyou’dprefer.ButbeforeanAIcandoanyofthat,developersmusttrainit.Andthetrainingconsumesenergy.AItrainingispoweredmostlybyfossil(化石)fuels,accordingtooneofthelargeststudiesofitskind.Lessthan25percentofAIsuselowcarbonenergysourcessuchashydroelectricityandnuclearpowerduringtraining.Infact,researchersnowworrythattraining’sappetiteforenergycouldsoonbeeahugeproblem.TheenergytodevelopAIesoutoftheelectricalnet.Andinmostpartsoftheworld,makingelectricityemits(排放)carbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintotheair.LanguageprocessingAIsystemslearnbydevouring(吞食)textsinaparticularlanguage.Thismightinclude“reading”everythingeverpublishedonlineinsomelanguage,includinglibrariesfullofoldbooksthathavebeendigitized.Suchdataintensivetrainingusesalotofenergy.TotranslatebetweenEnglishandChinese,forexample,anAImodelmaydealwithmillionsorevenbillionsoftranslatedbooksandarticles.Inthisway,itlearnswhichwordsandphrasesmatch.Later,whengivenanewtext,itremendsitsowntranslation.In2019,researcherscalculatedtheimpactofdevelopingAImodelnamedTransformer.Itreleasedamassive626,000poundsofcarbondioxide.That’sequaltothegreenhousegasesthatwouldbepouredbyfiveAmericancarsfromwhentheyweremadetowhentheywerejunked.Today,mostAIdevelopmenthappensatdatacenters.Theseputerfilledbuildingsaccountforsome2percentUSelectricityuseand1percentofglobalenergyuse.SomeAIexpertshavesoundedanalarmaboutthethreattheseenergygiantspose.1.WhatisAItrainingmainlyenergizedby?A.Fossilfuels. B.Solarenergy. C.Nuclearenergy. D.Greenhousegases.2.WhatdoweknowaboutthelanguageprocessingAIsystems?A.Theyprocesslimitedtexts. B.Theywillreplacetranslators.C.Theyseldomreaddigitalbooks. D.Theyareenergyconsuming.3.WhydoestheauthormentionTransformerinparagraph4?A.Tohighlightitssignificance. B.TospeakhighlyofAI’spower.C.Todemonstrateresearchers’creativity. D.Tostressitseffectontheenvironment.4.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.AI’sdevelopmentposesathreattodatacenters.B.TheenergyconsumptionofAIcan’tbeignored.C.AIiseffectivelytransformingthewaywelearn.D.Peopleshouldtakeactiontoreducegasemission.【答案】1.A2.D3.D4.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能(AI)训练所消耗的能源问题。1.细节理解题。根据第二段“AItrainingispoweredmostlybyfossil(化石)fuels,accordingtooneofthelargeststudiesofitskind.(根据同类研究中规模最大的一项，人工智能训练主要由化石燃料提供动力。)”可知，AI训练主要由化石燃料提供能量。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据第三段“LanguageprocessingAIsystemslearnbydevouring(吞食)textsinaparticularlanguage.Thismightinclude“reading”everythingeverpublishedonlineinsomelanguage,includinglibrariesfullofoldbooksthathavebeendigitized.Suchdataintensivetrainingusesalotofenergy.(语言处理人工智能系统通过大量“吞食”(即阅读)特定语言的文本来进行学习。这可能包括“阅读”某种语言下所有曾在网上发布过的内容，以及已被数字化的满载古老书籍的图书馆。这种数据密集型的训练过程消耗了大量的能源。)”可知，语言处理AI系统需要“吞食”大量的文本，这种数据密集型的训练消耗了大量的能量。故选D。3.推理判断题。根据第四段“In2019,researcherscalculatedtheimpactofdevelopingAImodelnamedTransformer.Itreleasedamassive626,000poundsofcarbondioxide.That’sequaltothegreenhousegasesthatwouldbepouredbyfiveAmericancarsfromwhentheyweremadetowhentheywerejunked.(2019年，研究人员计算了开发名为Transformer的人工智能模型的影响。它释放了62.6万磅的二氧化碳。这相当于五辆美国汽车从制造到报废所排放的温室气体总量。)”可知，作者提到Transformer是为了说明开发这个AI模型释放了大量的二氧化碳，即为了强调其对环境的影响。故选D。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today,mostAIdevelopmenthappensatdatacenters.Theseputerfilledbuildingsaccountforsome2percentUSelectricityuseand1percentofglobalenergyuse.SomeAIexpertshavesoundedanalarmaboutthethreattheseenergygiantspose.(如今，大多数人工智能的开发都发生在数据中心。这些布满计算机的建筑约占美国电力消耗的2%和全球能源消耗的1%。一些人工智能专家对这些能源巨头构成的威胁发出了警报。)”可知，作者在最后一段暗示AI的能源消耗不容忽视。故选B。Passage2[2025广东省河源市高三毕业班下学期调研模拟测试(一)]Withtherapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligence,DeepSeek,aChineseAIpany,hasemergedasapioneerineducationaltechnology.Itslatestmodel,DeepSeekR1,binesadvancedmachinelearningmethodstoprovidepersonalizedlearningsolutionsforstudentsworldwide.UnliketraditionalAImodelsthatrelyonpreprogrammedanswers,DeepSeekR1usesreinforcement(强化)learningtosimulatehumanreasoning.Thisallowsittoguidestudentsthroughproblemsolvingstepbystep,muchlikeapatienttutor.Forexample,whenastudentstruggleswithamathequation,DeepSeekR1doesn’tjustgivetheanswer;itbreaksdownthelogic,identifieserrors,andencouragescriticalthinking.Themodel’sapplicationsextendbeyondacademics.Inlanguagelearning,itanalyzesstudents’pronunciationthroughAIspeechrecognitionandoffersrealtimefeedback.Forteachers,DeepSeekR1cangeneratelessonplansalignedwithcurriculumstandardsandevenpredictstudents’learningdifficultiesbasedonhistoricaldata.Its“adaptivetesting”featurecreatescustomizedquizzesthatadjustdifficultyaccordingtoindividualprogress.However,challengesremain.CriticsarguethatoverrelianceonAImightreducehumaninteractionineducation.DeepSeek’sdevelopersaddressthisbyemphasizingitsroleasa“supplement,notareplacement.”AsDr.Li,aDeepSeekresearcher,stated,“Ourgoalistofreeteachersfromrepetitivetaskssotheycanfocusoninspiringcreativity.”Lookingahead,DeepSeekaimstointegratevirtualreality(VR)intoitsplatform,allowingstudentstoexplorehistoricaleventsorscientificconceptsinimmersive3Denvironments.WhileethicaldebatesaboutAIineducationpersist,onethingisclear:toolslikeDeepSeekarereshapinghowwelearn,blendingtechnologywithhumanwisdom.1.WhatmakesDeepSeekR1differentfromtraditionalAImodels?A.Itusespreprogrammedanswers.B.Itfocusesonmemorizationtechniques.C.Itreplacesteachersinclassrooms.D.Itemploysreinforcementlearningforreasoning.2.Theunderlinedword“adaptive”inParagraph3mostlikelymeans______.A.fixed B.adjustableC.plicated D.outdated3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDeepSeek’sfutureplans?A.VRtechnologywillenhanceinteractivelearning.B.Itwilleliminateallclassroomactivities.C.Itprioritizesprofitovereducationalvalues.D.TeacherswilllosetheirjobstoAI.4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToadvertiseDeepSeekproducts.B.TocriticizetherisksofAIinschools.C.TodiscussAI’sroleintransformingeducation.D.ToparedifferentAImodels.【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国AI公司DeepSeek及其最新模型DeepSeekR1在教育技术中的应用、优势、挑战及未来发展方向。1.细节理解题。根据第二段中“UnliketraditionalAImodelsthatrelyonpreprogrammedanswers,DeepSeekR1usesreinforcement(强化)learningtosimulatehumanreasoning.(与依赖预编程答案的传统AI模型不同，DeepSeekR1使用强化学习来模拟人类的推理过程)”可知，DeepSeekR1与传统AI模型的区别在于它使用强化学习来进行推理。故选D。2.词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在的句子“createscustomizedquizzesthatadjustdifficultyaccordingtoindividualprogress(创建定制的测验，根据个人进度调整难度)”可知，DeepSeek能够创建个性化的测验，根据个人的进度调整难度，由此可知，adaptive的意思接近于adjustable“可调节的”。故选B。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Lookingahead,DeepSeekaimstointegratevirtualreality(VR)intoitsplatform,allowingstudentstoexplorehistoricaleventsorscientificconceptsinimmersive3Denvironments.(展望未来，DeepSeek计划将其平台与虚拟现实(VR)技术整合，让学生能够在沉浸式的3D环境中探索历史事件或科学概念)”可知，展望未来，DeepSeek旨在将其平台与虚拟现实(VR)相结合，让学生在沉浸式的3D环境中探索历史事件或科学概念，由此可推知，VR技术将增强互动学习。故选A。

4.推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Withtherapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligence,DeepSeek,aChineseAIpany,hasemergedasapioneerineducationaltechnology.Itslatestmodel,DeepSeekR1,binesadvancedmachinelearningmethodstoprovidepersonalizedlearningsolutionsforstudentsworldwide.(随着人工智能的迅速发展，中国的人工智能公司DeepSeek已成为教育技术领域的先驱。其最新模型DeepSeekR1结合了先进的机器学习方法，为全球学生提供个性化的学习解决方案)”可知，全文讨论了DeepSeek及其模型DeepSeekR1在教育领域的应用和变革，探讨了AI在教育中的角色及其带来的影响。故选C。Passage3[2025广东省三校高三下学期2月第一次模拟考试一模]AItechnologyhaslongbeenabletorecognizepatternsinmusicpreferencesandcreatepersonalizedplaylists.Now,anewAIsystemhastakenthisastepfurtherbyanalyzinghowpeoplelistentomusicandidentifyingtheirunique‌“listeningstyles.”Thisadvancementinthefieldof‌“audiometric”analysis