北京市通州区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

第1页/共1页通州区2023—2024学年第二学期高二年级期末质量检测英语试卷本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。LarryworkswithTransportDrivers.Inc.Onemorningin2009.Larrywas___1___ontheroadafterdeliveringtooneofhiscustomers.Suddenly,hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson.Ashegot___2___,hefoundanothervehicleupsidedownontheroad.Onemorelookandhe___3___flamesshootingoutfromunderthedamagedvehicle.Larrypulledover,setthebrakeandgotholdofthefireextinguisher(灭火器).Aftermanyburstsfromtheextinguisher,thefirewas___4___putout.Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson___5___andtoldLarryhehadmadeanemergencycall.Justatthattime,theyheardawoman’s___6___comingfromthewreckedvehicle.___7___thevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.Theytoldhertostay___8___untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,butshethoughtthecarwasgoingtoexplode.Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmoveincasesheinjuredherneck.Larrystayedtherewiththewomanuntil___9___workerscameforhelpOnethingisforcertain—Larrywentaboveandbeyondthecallofdutybygettingsoclosetotheburningvehicle!His___10___mostlikelysavedthewoman’slife.1.A.walking B.touring C.driving D.rushing2.A.higher B.closer C.shorter D.older3.A.felt B.heard C.noticed D.smelt4.A.basically B.carefully C.accidently D.finally5.A.camein B.cameover C.camedown D.camethrough6.A.voice B.song C.laughter D.noise7.A.Starting B.Parking C.Passing D.Approaching8.A.quiet B.silent C.awake D.still9.A.research B.service C.rescue D.office10.A.efforts B.skills C.patience D.promise【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.D5.B6.A7.D8.D9.C10.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了司机拉里在途中遇到交通事故，勇敢地采取行动，使用灭火器扑灭车辆火灾，并安抚被困女性，确保其安全直至救援人员到达的故事。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2009年的一个早晨，拉里送完东西，沿着165号公路向北行驶。A.walking行走；B.touring旅游；C.traveling行驶；D.rushing冲。根据上文的“LarryworkswithTransportDrivers,Inc.”和下文的“afterdelivering”可知，拉里作为运输司机，应该是驾驶车辆行驶在公路上。故选C。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他走近时，他发现另一辆车倒在路上。A.higher更高的；B.closer更近的；C.shorter更短的；D.older更老的。根据后文“hefoundanothervehicleupsidedownontheroad.”可知，走近才发现另一辆车。故选B。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：再看一眼，他注意到火焰从损坏的汽车下面喷出。A.felt感觉；B.heard听见；C.noticed注意到；D.smelt闻到。根据后文“flamesshootingoutfromunderthedamagedvehicle”可知，他注意到火焰从损坏的汽车下面喷出。故选C。【4题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：灭火器喷了好几下后，火终于被扑灭了。A.basically基本地；B.carefully仔细地；C.accidently意外地；D.finally终于。根据后文“putout”指火终于被扑灭了。故选D。【5题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：那个开着大灯的男子走过来，告诉拉里他已经打了紧急电话。A.camein进来；B.cameover走过来；C.camedown下来；D.camethrough经历。根据下文的“toldLamyhehadmadeanemergencycall”可知，这位男士应该是从自己的车那边走过来和拉里说话。故选B。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，他们听到一个女人的声音从失事的汽车里传来。A.voice嗓音；B.song歌曲；C.laughter笑声；D.noise噪音。根据上文“theyheardawoman’s”指人的嗓音应用voice。故选A。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：接近那辆车，他们看到一名女子正试图从破碎的窗户中爬出来。A.Starting开始；B.Parking停车；C.Passing经过；D.Approaching接近。根据下文的“thevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow”可知，两人应该是走近那辆事故车查看情况。故选D。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们告诉她不要动，直到急救人员到达，但她认为汽车要爆炸了。A.quiet安静的；B.silent沉默的；C.awake醒着的；D.still一动不动的。根据下文的“Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmove”可知，为了让伤者避免进一步受伤，他们告知其保持不动。故选D。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：拉里一直陪着那个女人，直到救援人员来帮忙。A.research研究；B.service服务；C.rescue救援；D.office办公室。根据上文“untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived”可知，指救援人员来帮忙。故选C。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的努力很可能救了那个女人的命。A.efforts努力；B.skills技能；C.patience耐心；D.promise承诺。根据上文“Onethingisforcertain—Larrywentaboveandbeyondthecallofdutybygettingsoclosetotheburningvehicle!(有一件事是肯定的——拉里如此接近着火的汽车，已经超出了他的职责范围！)”指他的努力很可能救了那个女人的命。故选A。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。KiteflyingispopulararoundChina.Itisknownaszhiyuan,askitesaremadeofpaperandwhentheyfly,theyarelikeeagles.Kites___11___(use)formilitarypurposeinthebeginning.Laterkiteflyinggraduallybecameaverypopularrecreationalactivity.Inthepast,people___12___(fasten)abamboo-madewhistleontoakite.Whileflyingthroughthewind,itmadesoundlikethemusic___13___(produce)byguzheng,atraditionalChinesemusicalinstrument.Therefore,ithasitsmodernnameasfengzheng.【答案】11.wereused12.fastened13.produced【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了风筝，包括其名称的由来和使用目的的历史变化。【11题详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：风筝最初是用于军事目的的。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“inthebeginning”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，use“使用”和主语Kites之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数名词，be动词应用were。故填wereused。【12题详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去，人们把竹制的哨子绑在风筝上。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“Inthepast”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，fasten“系牢”应用过去式的形式。故填fastened。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在风中飞行时，它发出的声音就像中国传统乐器古筝发出的音乐。句子已有谓语，空处是修饰themusic的后置定语，produce“产生”和themusic逻辑上是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此应用produce的过去分词形式表被动。故填produced。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WorldAnimalDaywasproposedbytheItalianmonkStFransisin12thcentury.HelivedintheforestsofAssisiIslandforlongtime,___14___(build)agoodrelationshipwiththeanimals.___15___hedidsetagoodexamplefarourhumanbeings.Whenthebigdaycomes,peoplefromallovertheworld___16___(hold)variousactivitiestocelebrateit.Theaimofthefestivalistoremindpeopletocareforallanimalsandbuildaharmoniousrelationshipwiththem.【答案】14.building15.What16.willhold【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界动物日的情况。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他长期生活在阿西西岛的森林里，与动物们建立了良好的关系。此处build与He构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填building。【15题详解】考查主语从句。句意：他所做的为我们人类树立了一个好榜样。引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用what，首字母大写。故填What。【16题详解】考查时态。句意：当这个大日子到来的时候，世界各地的人们会举行各种各样的活动来庆祝它。主句描述将来的动作，应用一般将来时。故填willhold。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Sharkattackscanbedeadly,___17___theyarenotcommon.Eachyear,sharksusuallykillfewerthan10peopleworldwide,andabout100peopleareinjured.Youaremorelikelytobeattackedinpartsofthesea___18___touriststhrowinfoodtobringinsharks.However,peopleare___19___(danger)tosharks,too.60millionsharksarekilledforfoodandmedicineeveryyear.Asaresult,semekindsofsharksmaydieoutcompletely.____20____(protect)thesewonderfulanimals,somecountrieshavemadeprogramstohelpthemsurvive.【答案】17.but18.where19.dangerous20.Toprotect【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鲨鱼攻击人类虽致命但不常见，而人类对鲨鱼威胁更大，每年有大量的鲨鱼被捕杀。为保护鲨鱼，一些国家制定了帮助它们生存的计划。【17题详解】考查连词。句意：鲨鱼的攻击可能是致命的，但这种情况并不常见。空处前后均为完整的句子，空前部分表示“鲨鱼的攻击可能是致命的”，空后部分表示“这种情况并不常见”，上下文语义构成转折，空处应用意为“但是”的并列连词but，构成并列句。故填but。【18题详解】考查定语从句。句意：你更有可能在游客扔食物招来鲨鱼的海域遭到袭击。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词partsofthesea，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，人类对鲨鱼也是危险的。空处作表语，danger的形容词形式dangerous符合题意，意为“危险的”。故填dangerous。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护这些奇妙的动物，一些国家制定了帮助它们生存的计划。句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的目的状语，表示“为了……”，因此用protect的不定式形式，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Toprotect。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第六节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，AEnjoyamuseumvisitwithyourclass!AvailablePrograms:ArtTellsaStory:Bylookingatthesubjectmatterandbydrawingfrompersonalexperiences,studentscanfindthestoryinsomeworksofart.(Allgrades)LearningtoLook:Aninteractive(互动的)tourthatexploresavarietyofartusingstorytelling,movements,music,games,andothertechniqueshelpsintroduceamuseumtochildren.(Preschool—Grade3)NativeAmericanCollection:Thisprogramexploresrelationshipsthatexistbetweenart,culture,thegeographiclocationandnaturalresources.StudentswillseeabowlmadebyMariaMartinez,aTownstoryteller,aNorthwestcoastmask,andInuitclothing.(ForGrade2—5)TheLanguageofArt:ClassesarewelcomedintothemuseumtotakepartinaninteractivetourofAmericanArt.Itgivesparticipantsasetofvocabularywordswhilehelpingthemfeelcomfortable.Art-on-the-Move:Teachersmayborrowsuitcasesfilledwithartobjects.FreefororganizationswithEducationMembership.PlanningYourVisit:Booking:Bookingisnecessaryforalltourandprograms.Pleasebookatleastaweekinadvance.Teachersareencouragedtoorganizeself-guidedvisitsfortheirclassesduringpublichours.TourHours:Tourscanbeorganizedbetween9:30a.m.and5:00p.m.onweekdays.ProgramFees:ToursarefreeforthosewithEducationMembership.Thereisachargeof$6perstudentofnon-memberorganizations.Tourswithartactivitiescost$12perstudent(non-members)or$10perstudent(members).Chaperones(保护人):Werequireoneadultchaperoneforevery10children.Chaperoneshelptomakeyourmuseumvisitasuccess.Achaperonemustpay$5admission.Lunch:WeregretthatnolunchfacilitiesareavailableatthemuseumMuseumRules:Don’ttouchworksofart.Don’ttakephotographs.Askquestions.Look,andthenLOOKagain.Enjoy!21.Ifteacherswanttheirstudentstolearnaboutwhatamuseumis,theywillchoose_______.A.ArtTellsaStory B.LearningtoLookC.TheLanguageofArt D.NativeAmericanCollection22.Whydoesthemuseumfeelsorry?A.Takingphotosisnotallowedatthemuseum.B.Lunchserviceisnotprovidedatthemuseum.C.Visitorscan’ttouchworksofartatthemuseum.D.Visitorscan’ttakepartinalltheactivitiesatatime.23.Inwhichsectionofthenewspaperdoesthetextmostprobablyappear?A.Health. B.News. C.Environment. D.Advertisement.【答案】21.B22.B23.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一家博物馆为学生提供的可供选择的项目，以及具体的行程安排、参观时间、费用、监护人要求、午餐和相关规定等信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据“LearningtoLook”部分中“Aninteractive(互动的)tourthatexploresavarietyofartusingstorytelling,movements,music,games,andothertechniqueshelpsintroduceamuseumtochildren.(互动之旅利用讲故事、动作、音乐、游戏和其他技术探索各种艺术，有助于向孩子们介绍博物馆)”可知，LearningtoLook项目有助于向孩子们介绍博物馆，因此希望学生了解博物馆是什么的老师应选择该项目。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据“Lunch”部分中“Weregretthatnolunchfacilitiesareavailableatthemuseum.(很遗憾，博物馆没有提供午餐设施)”可知，博物馆对不提供午餐服务感到抱歉。故选B项。【23题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Enjoyamuseumvisitwithyourclass!(和你的班级一起去参观博物馆吧)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一家博物馆为学生提供的可供选择的项目，以及具体的行程安排、参观时间、费用、监护人要求、午餐和相关规定等信息，属于博物馆的宣传广告。因此，文章应该出自报纸的广告栏目。故选D项。BMybirthwasalittlemoredramaticthanthestandardwayababyenterstheworld.Iwasbornmissingmylefthand.Indeed,mylimb(手臂)differencecouldhavebeenadisasterifithadn’tbeenforwhathappenednext.Anurseplacedmeinmymother’sarmsandinstructed,“Youwilltakeherhome.Youwillloveherandtreatherasnormal.”Thatisexactlywhathappened.Iplayedsports,actedintheater,excelledinschoolandhadplaydateswithfriends.WhileIdidgetsomestaresand“polite”questionsaboutmydisability,IwasluckybecauseIwasn’tmadefunofforit.However,thatfactthatIwasdifferenthitmehardmyfirstdayofhighschool.Iwas13,anagewhenkidsarealreadyveryself-consciousandtheneedtofitinisintensified.Irememberoneoftheotherkidsontheschoolbusstaredjustalittletoolongatmyleftarm.Ifeltasuddenurgetohidemyhand,soIslippeditintomypocket.ItoldmyselfthatI’djusthideitthatoneday,whileIwastryingtomakefriends.Butonedayofhidingturnedintoaweek,amonth,andyears—25ofthemtobeexact.WhenIwas38yearsold,tiredofhidingandlonely,Imetsomeonespecialandinvitedhimin.ThecombinationofmefinallyfeelingreadytounhideandhiswillingnesstogothroughtheunhidingprocesswithmewasexactlywhatIneeded.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iallowedsomeonetoreallyholdmylimb,lookatit,touchit,loveit—loveme.Isawmylimbdifferenceassomethinguniqueaboutme,somethingthatshouldbeshown,nothidden.Itwasatransformationalexperience,andIlearnedtolovemetoo.ItchangedhowIlivedmyentirelifeandmademehappier.IalsodiscoveredandjoinedtheLuckyFinProject,anorganisationdevotedtopeoplewithalltypesofdisabilities.Hidingthings,especiallyfromlovedones,istiringandlonely,anditpreventsusfromgettinghelpandsupport.It’stimetochangethat.24.Whatwastheauthor’schildhoodlike?A.Shehadnosocialinteractionswithfriends.B.Shewasraisedwithcareandtreatednormally.C.Shefacedsomechallengesinschoolactivities.DShewasupsetabouttheattentiontoherdifference.25.Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenshewas13yearsold?A.Shebegantoignoreherdisability.B.Shesufferedprejudicefromsomekids.C.Shestartedhidingherselfawayfromfriends.D.Shebecamesensitiveduetoherself-awareness.26.Howdidtheauthorchangewhenshestoppedhiding?A.Shestartedtoopenupandbeherself.B.Shemetsomeonewhocuredherdisability.C.Shewasfedupwiththecompanyofothers.D.Shereducedinvolvementinthedisabilitygroup.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Misfortuneisagoodteacher.B.Disabilityisnotabarriertosuccess.C.Self-acceptancecanleadtoself-love.D.Nothingbeatsthefeelingofbeingloved.【答案】24.B25.D26.A27.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者生来残疾，小时候被好好照顾，直到中学时自我意识觉醒对周围的目光变得敏感，将自己隐藏起来，到38岁时决定敞开做自己，不再隐藏，接收自己的不完美。作者意识到只有自我接纳，才能好好爱自己。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Indeed,mylimbdifferencecouldhavebeenadisasterifithadn’tbeenforwhathappenednext.Anurseplacedmeinmymother’sarmsandinstructed,“Youwilltakeherhome.Youwillloveherandtreatherasnormal.”(事实上，如果没有接下来发生的事情，我的肢体差异可能是一场灾难。一位护士把我放在母亲的怀里，嘱咐我说:“你带她回家。你会爱她，像对待正常人一样对待她。”)”及第二段“Thatisexactlywhathappened.Iplayedsports,actedintheater,excelledinschoolandhadplaydateswithfriends.WhileIdidgetsomestaresand“polite”questionsaboutmydisability,IwasluckybecauseIwasn’tmadefunofforit.(事实正是如此。我参加体育运动，在剧院表演，在学校表现优异，和朋友一起玩。虽然我确实得到了一些关于我的残疾的凝视和“礼貌”的问题，但我很幸运，因为我没有因此而被取笑)”可知，作者虽然天生残疾，但是在童年时代受到了精心照料，受到正常的对待。故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Iwas13,anagewhenkidsarealreadyveryself-consciousandtheneedtofitinisintensified.Irememberoneoftheotherkidsontheschoolbusstaredjustalittletoolongatmyleftarm.Ifeltasuddenurgetohidemyhand,soIslippeditintomypocket.(我13岁，这个年纪的孩子已经很有自我意识了，融入社会的需求也越来越强烈。我记得校车上的一个孩子盯着我的左臂看了太久。我突然有一种想把手藏起来的冲动，于是我把它塞进了口袋)”可知，当作者13岁的时候，由于有了自我意识，作者对于周围的目光十分敏感。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“ThecombinationofmefinallyfeelingreadytounhideandhiswillingnesstogothroughtheunhidingprocesswithmewasexactlywhatIneeded.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iallowedsomeonetoreallyholdmylimb,lookatit,touchit,loveit—loveme.Isawmylimbdifferenceassomethinguniqueaboutme,somethingthatshouldbeshown,nothidden.(我终于觉得自己准备好了袒露自己，而他愿意和我一起经历袒露的过程，这正是我所需要的。这是我人生中第一次，我允许别人真正地握住我的胳膊，看它，摸它，爱它——爱我。我认为我的肢体差异是我的独特之处，应该被展示出来，而不是被隐藏起来)”可知，当作者停止隐藏时，她开始敞开心扉，做自己。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据全文内容，作者生来残疾，小时候被好好照顾，直到中学时自我意识觉醒对周围的目光变得敏感，将自己隐藏起来，到38岁时决定敞开做自己，不再隐藏，接收自己的不完美，结合倒数第二段“Itwasatransformationalexperience,andIlearnedtolovemetoo.(这是一次转变的经历，我也学会了爱自己)”及最后一段“Hidingthings,especiallyfromlovedones,istiringandlonely,anditpreventsusfromgettinghelpandsupport.(隐藏事情，尤其是对所爱的人，是很累和孤独的，它阻止我们得到帮助和支持)”可推知，作者在成长过程中感悟到了，接收自己才能爱自己。由此推知，从文章中我们知道了“自我接纳会导致自爱”。故选C。CChinesescientistssaytheyhavedevelopedaroboticfishthatcanremovemicroplasticparticlesfromwaterenvironments.Researchersworkingontheprojectsaytherobotscouldhelptocleanupplasticpollutioninoceansaroundtheworld.Theroboticswimmersareabout1.3centimeterslong.TheyaremadeofasoftchemicalCompound.Therobotsaredesignedtoabsorbmicroplasticswhilemovingthroughthewater.TheprojectwaslaunchedbyateamatSichuanUniversityinsouthwesternChina.Theresearcherssaidtherobotshavealreadyperformedwellinshallowwaterandtheyplantocarryoutmoretestsindeeperwaters.ThescientistsreportedtheirfindingsinanewstudyinNanoLetters.ThepublicationcomesfromtheAmericanChemicalSociety,anonprofitorganizationsupportedbytheU.S.Congress.Theroboticfishwerebuilttotargetmicroplasticparticles,whicharesmallerthanfivemillimeters.Studieshaveconfirmedthatmicroplasticpollutionhasbeendiscoveredinmanynaturalenvironments.Thematerialcomesfromthebreakdownofmanufacturedplasticproductsandindustrialwaste.Theteamsaidtherobotscanbecontrolledbylight.Turning“anear-infraredlightlaser”onandoffcausesthefish’stailtomovebackandforth,theAmericanChemicalSocietysaid.Theroboticfishcanswimupto2.76bodylengthspersecond.Theresearcherssaidthisisfasterthanmostsimilarsoftrobots.WangYuyanwasamemberofSichuanUniversity’sresearchteam.ShetoldReutersnewsagencythatthesmall,lightweightrobotiscurrentlybeingusedtocollectmicroplasticsforresearchpurposes.ButWangaddedthattheteamplanstoexpandthatusesotherobotfishcanremovelargeramountsofmicroplasticwastefromdeepoceanareas.Thefishcantakeindifferentkindsofmicroplasticsandevenrepairitselfwhendamaged,theresearcherssaid.Andifarobotfishisaccidentallyeatenbyarealfish,itcansafelydigestthematerial,theteamadded.Wangsaidsimilarrobotscouldbedevelopedtobeplacedinsidethehumanbodytoremoveunwantedmaterialsordiseases.28.Whyhasaroboticfishbeencreated?AToremovediseaseinpeople.B.Tocleanuppollutioninoceans.C.Toremoveunwantedmaterialsinbody.D.Toremovemicroplasticparticlesinwater.29.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thepurposeoftheroboticfish.B.Thefunctionoftheroboticfish,C.Afurtherintroductionoftheroboticfish.D.Potentialapplicationoftheroboticfish.30.Whatwillhappentotheroboticfishwheneatenbyarealfish?A.Itwillbeharmless. B.Itwillrepairitself.C.Itwilltakeinmicroplastics. D.Itwillcollectmicroplastics.31.WhatisWangYuyan’sattitudetothefutureuseoftheroboticfish?A.Pessimistic. B.Positive. C.Unclear. D.Suspicious.【答案】28.D29.C30.A31.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对科学家们新开发出的一种可以清除水中微塑料颗粒的机器鱼进行了相关介绍。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Chinesescientistssaytheyhavedevelopedaroboticfishthatcanremovemicroplasticparticlesfromwaterenvironments.Researchersworkingontheprojectsaytherobotscouldhelptocleanupplasticpollutioninoceansaroundtheworld.(中国科学家表示，他们已经开发出一种机器鱼，可以从水中清除微塑料颗粒。从事该项目的研究人员表示，机器人可以帮助清理世界各地海洋中的塑料污染。)”可知，发明机器鱼是为了清除水中的微塑料颗粒。故选D项。【29题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Theroboticswimmersareabout1.3centimeterslong.TheyaremadeofasoftchemicalCompound.Therobotsaredesignedtoabsorbmicroplasticswhilemovingthroughthewater....Theresearcherssaidtherobotshavealreadyperformedwellinshallowwaterandtheyplantocarryoutmoretestsindeeperwaters.ThescientistsreportedtheirfindingsinanewstudyinNanoLetters.ThepublicationcomesfromtheAmericanChemicalSociety,anonprofitorganizationsupportedbytheU.S.Congress.Theroboticfishwerebuilttotargetmicroplasticparticles,whicharesmallerthanfivemillimeters.Studieshaveconfirmedthatmicroplasticpollutionhasbeendiscoveredinmanynaturalenvironments.(这种自动游泳者大约1.3厘米长。它们是由一种柔软的化合物构成的。这些机器人被设计成在水中移动时吸收微塑料。……研究人员表示，机器人已经在浅水区表现良好，他们计划在深水区进行更多测试。科学家们在《纳米快报》的一项新研究中报告了他们的发现。这份报告来自美国化学学会，这是一个由美国国会支持的非营利组织。这种机器鱼的目标是小于5毫米的塑料微粒。研究证实，在许多自然环境中都发现了微塑料污染。)”可知，本段介绍了这种机器鱼的构造、用途、目标以及在水下的工作表现，故本段主要是对这种机器鱼进行了进一步的介绍；故选C项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Andifarobotfishisaccidentallyeatenbyarealfish,itcouldsafelydigestthematerial,theteamadded.(研究小组补充说，如果机器鱼不小心被真鱼吃了，它可以安全地消化这些物质。)”可知，如果机器鱼不小心被真鱼吃下去了，也能安全地被真鱼所消化，即它是无害的。故选A项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“ShetoldReutersnewsagencythatthesmall,lightweightrobotiscurrentlybeingusedtocollectmicroplasticsforresearchpurposes.ButWangaddedthattheteamplanstoexpandthatusesotherobotfishcanremovelargeramountsofmicroplasticwastefromdeepoceanareas.(她告诉路透社，这种小巧轻便的机器人目前正出于研究目的被用于收集微塑料。但是王补充说，研究小组计划扩大这种应用，这样机器鱼就可以从深海区域移除大量的微塑料废物。)”可知，王玉燕说研究小组计划扩大这种轻便机器人的应用，让这种机器鱼从深海区域移除微塑料废物，故推知她对于这种机器鱼是抱有积极态度的；根据文章最后一句“Wangsaidsimilarrobotscouldbedevelopedtobeplacedinsidethehumanbodytoremoveunwantedmaterialsordisease.(王说，可以开发类似的机器人，放置在人体内去除无用的物质或疾病。)”可知，王提出进一步的设想，即开发类似的机器人，说明她很看好这种机器鱼；综上所述，王玉燕对于这种机器鱼是持有积极、肯定的态度。故选B项。DWe’veallhearditbefore:tobesuccessful,getoutofbedearly.Afterall,AppleCEOTimCookgetsupat3:45am,FiatCEOSergioMarchionneat3:30amandRichardBransonat5:45am—and,asweknow,“Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.”Indeed,itmaybetruethatthosewhogetupearlyhaveajumpstartonthedaybeforeothersareevenoutofbed.Butjustbecausesomesuccessfulpeoplewakeupearly,doesthatmeanit’satrait(特征)mostofthemshare?Andiftheideaofhavingexercised,eatenbreakfast,anddoneonetaskbefore8ammakesyouwanttosleepinuntilnextSaturday,doesitmeanyou’llhavealesssuccessfullife?Forabouthalfofus,thisisn’treallyanissue.It’sestimatedthatsome50%ofthepopulationisn’treallymorning-orientedorevening-oriented,butsomewhereinthemiddle.Roughlyoneinfourofus,though,tendmoretowardbright-eyedearlyrisers,andanotheroneinfourarenightowls.Forthem,theeffectcangobeyondfallingasleepinfrontoftheTVat10pmorbeingregularlylateforwork.Numerousstudieshavefoundthatmorningpeoplearemoreself-directedandagreeable.Andcomparedtonightowls,theyarelesslikelytobedepressed,drinkorsmoke.Althoughmorningtypesmayachievemoreacademically,nightowlstendtoperformbetteronmeasuresofmemory,processingspeedandcognitiveability,evenwhentheyhavetoperformthosetasksinthemorning.Night-timepeoplearealsomoreopenandmorecreative.Andonestudyshowsthatnightowlsareashealthyandwiseasmorning-types,andalittlebitwealthier.StillthinkthemorningpeoplesoundmorelikeCEOmaterial?Don’tsetyouralarmfor5amjust,yet,asitturnsout,changingyoursleeptimesmaynothavemucheffect.“Ifpeoplearelefttotheirnaturallypreferredtimes,theyfeelmuchbetter.Theysaythattheyaremuchmoreproductive.Thementalcapacitytheyhaveismuchbroader,”saysOxfordUniversitybiologistKatharinaWulf.Ontheotherhand,shesays,pushingpeopletoofaroutoftheirnaturalpreferencecanbeharmful.Whentheywakeearly,forexample,nightowlsarestillproducingmelatonin(褪黑激素).“Then,youdisrupt(扰乱)itandpushthebodytobeinthedaytimemode.Thatcanhavelotsofnegative,physiologicalconsequences,”Wulffsays,likeadifferentsensitivitytoinsulinandglucose(葡萄糖)whichcancauseweightgain.32.WhatdoestheauthordoinPargraph2?A.Analysingtheproblem. B.Challengingaviewpoint.C.Providingsupportingproofs. D.Presentingauthor’sviewpoint.33.WhichofthefollowingdoesKatharinaWulffsupport?A.Stopsettingyouralarmfor5am.B.Betternotchangeyoursleeptimes.C.Avoidbeingregularlylateforwork.D.Don’tfallasleepinfrontoftheTV.34.Whydoestheauthorwritethisarticle?A.Toexplainwhysomepeoplearemoresuccessful.B.Toadvisepeopletogetupneithertooearlynortoolate.C.Toargueagainsttheviewthattheearlybirdcatchestheworm.D.Tocomparethedifferencesbetweenearlyrisersandnightowls.【答案】32.B33.B34.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕早起的好坏展开论述，反驳了“早期的鸟儿有虫吃”的观点，认为强行让人们偏离自己的自然睡眠模式很可能是有害的。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Butjustbecausesomesuccessfulpeoplewakeupearly,doesthatmeanit’satrait(特征)mostofthemshare?Andiftheideaofhavingexercised,eatenbreakfast,anddoneonetaskbefore8ammakesyouwanttosleepinuntilnextSaturday,doesitmeanyou’llhavealesssuccessfullife?(但是，仅仅因为一些成功人士起得早，就意味着他们中的大多数人都有早起的特点吗？如果在早上8点之前锻炼、吃早餐和完成一项任务的想法让你想要睡到下周六，这是否意味着你的生活将不那么成功呢)”可知，作者提出两个问题，认为部分成功人士起得早并不意味着成功人士都早起，早起的想法可能会让人很疲惫，挑战第一段中提到的“早期的鸟儿有虫吃”的观点。故选B项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中KatharinaWulf所说的话“Ifpeoplearelefttotheirnaturallypreferredtimes,theyfeelmuchbetter.Theysaythattheyaremuchmoreproductive.Thementalcapacitytheyhaveismuchbroader(如果让人们自然地选择自己喜欢的时间，他们会感觉好得多。他们说他们的生产力要高得多。他们的心智能力要宽广得多)”、“pushingpeopletoofaroutoftheirnaturalpreferencecanbeharmful(让人们过分偏离他们的自然偏好可能是有害的)”和“Then,youdisrupt(扰乱)itandpushthebodytobeinthedaytimemode.Thatcanhavelotsofnegative,physiologicalconsequences(然后，你扰乱它，推动身体进入白天模式。这可能会产生很多负面的生理后果)”可知，KatharinaWulff认为自然选择自己的生物时间对身心有益，强制偏离自然偏好反而会带来负面后果。由此可知，她会同意“最好不要改变你的睡眠时间”的观点。故选B项。【34题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Indeed,itmaybetruethatthosewhogetupearlyhaveajumpstartonthedaybeforeothersareevenoutofbed.(事实上，早起的人在别人起床之前就已经开始了一天的工作，这可能是真的)”可知，作者指出，虽然一些成功人士早起，但这并不意味着早起是大多数成功人士的共同特征，也不意味着不早起的人就会不成功。文章通过引用研究结果，说明了早起者和夜猫子在性格、健康、学术成就、记忆力和创造力等方面的差异，并强调了遵循自然睡眠模式的重要性。因此，作者的写作目的应该是反驳早起的鸟儿有虫吃的观点。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sciencefictionwriterscreateimaginaryworlds.___35___Soit’simportantforyoutobefamiliarwiththescientificprinciplesandinventionsthatarerelatedtoyourcreation.Forexample,ifyou’rewritingabouthumanlivingonaplanetwithzerogravity,thenyouneedtoknowtheeffectsofzerogravityonthehumanbody.Thenyouhavetofigureouttheexactrulesofyourimaginaryworlds.Andyouhavetofollowthem.IfhumansareabletobreatheunderwaterinChapter1,yourcharactercan’tdrowninaswimmingpoolinChapter3.___36___Thatmeansthereaderiswillingtopretendalongwithyou.Ifyoustartoutwithanordinarydetectivenovelandthenthrowinsomeonebreathingunderwaterinthe6thchapter,youwillpullthereadersoutoftheirimagination.___37___Partofyourpreparatoryworkforthenovelistomapoutitsworldsingreatdetail.Youshoulddecidethefollowingissues:thehistoryoftheworld,thegeography,whatpossibilitiesitoffers,howeverythingworksinthisnewreality,andhowallofthesefactorsaffectthewayyourcharactersthink,feel,andreacttothings.Youdon’thavetotellyourreadersalltherulesinthefirstchapter.___38___Thisalsoallowsyoutoworkoutlogicalproblemsandcontradictionsbeforeyoustartwriting.___39___Youareinvitingreaderstovisitanewworld.Theywillwanttobeabletosee,hear,feel,smellandeventastewhatit’slike.Whetheryournovelisaboutaworldwithoutdiseaseoranundiscoveredplanet,helpyourreadersfeellikethey’reactuallythere.A.Theissuehereismaintainingyourreaders’trust.B.Yourcharactersmustbebasedonimaginationonly.C.Whenyouarewriting,remembertomakeitfeelreal.D.Instead,youonlyneedtofollowtherulesalltheway.E.Thesamethinghappensifyouchangetheruleshalfway.F.Butyouhavetoletreadersknowenoughtounderstandwhat’sgoingon.G.Thewaythingsworkinyourimaginaryworldswillbebasedonactualscience.【答案】35.G36.A37.E38.F