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高考英语阅读理解专题练习
(名师剖析解题思路与技巧+WORD版本真题实战训练,对高考
实战具有重大参考价值,建议下载打印练习)
考试大纲对英语阅读作了以下说明:
1.理解语篇主旨大意:2.理解文中具体信息;
3.根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义:4.做出简单的判断和推理;
5.理解文章的基本结构;6.理解作者的观点、意图和态度。
一.主旨大意+作者的观点、意图和态度
设题方式
①.考查文章的中心思想
Themainidea/keypointofthispassageisthat.
Thepassageismainlyabout.
Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?
②.考查文章标题的选择
Ihebesttitle/headhnetorthispassageis.
Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?
Whatwouldbethebesttitlefor(hetext?
Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis.
③,考查作者的写作态度和意图
Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinthispassage?
Thewriter'spurposeinwritingthisstoryis.
Inthepassagetheauthorwantstotell.
Thewriter'sattitudetoward...is.
干扰项特点
1.以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容,也就是文章的局部信息。
2.断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容,或者
以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。
3.主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大,超过文章实际所讨论的内容。
4.张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上,构成一个干扰项。考生不
注意的情况下,会造成错选答案。
5.无中生有或似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了,但认真分析
之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容亳无联系.
解题指导
L分清主次,抓住主干,找出主题句。
主题句是归纳表达文章中心思想的句子,它的出现有四种情况:
1)主题句在开头。主题句出现在段落或文章的开头部分,起着开宗明义、点明主题的作用,
它可以使读者一开始就明白文章所讲的内容主旨。而支撑句则使用一些具体的人、物、数字
或具体的步骤来阐述或论证主题,常伴有forcxamplc\i.c.\thatis\first\second\finally\oncc
\anothertime\foronething等词。例如:
Intheexcitementithadfeltlikeonlyafewminutes,butwehadbeenwiththosewonderful
animalsforalmostanhourandahalf.Thatwasthesimpleandlastingbeautyoftheday,Nearly
fourdecadeslater,Istilllookbackfondlytothatgoldendayatsea.
54.whatisthethemeofthestory?(2010年湖北卷A篇)
A.Savinglivesbringspeopleasenseofhappiness
B.Fishingprovidesexcitementforchildren
C.It'snecessarytoliveinharmonywithanimals
D.It'svitaltoprotecttheenvironment
54.答案:A考点::考查主旨大意从文章最后一段可以概括出来
MyfewminuteswithMr.Galbreathchangedmylife.NowIcrytotreateveryonewith
respect,nomatterwhoIthinktheyarc,andnomatteranotherhumanbeingwithkindnessand
sincerity.
59.Whatis(hemessagemainlyexpressedinthestory?(2010年重庆卷A篇)
A.Weshouldlearntobegenerous.B.hishonorabletohelpthoseinneed.
C.Peopleinhighpositionsarenotlikewhatweexpect.
D.Weshouldavoidjudgingpeoplebytheirappearances.
解析:主旨大意题。根据文章最后一句NowItrytotreateveryonewithrespect,nomatterwhoI
thinktheyare,andnomatteranotherhumanbeingwithkindnessandsincerity.可知,作者想要表
达的是不要以貌取人。由此判断选D项。
Weoftendoiftremerriberthingsaswellwhenwe'retryingtomanageseveraldetailsatthe
sametime.Withoutmentalfocus,wemaynotpayenoughattentiontonewinformationcomingin,
soitnevermakesitintoourmemorystores.Thatisoneofthemainreasonsweforgetpeople's
names-evensoineiimesrightaftertheyhaveintroducedthemselves.Multitaskingcanalsoaffect
ourrelationships.Ifsomeonecheckstheire-mailwhileonthephonewithafriend,theymaycome
offasabseni-mindedordisinterested.Itcanalsocausethatpersontomissoroverlookkey
informationbeingpassedontothem.
52.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(2010年浙江卷C篇)
A.Multitaskinghasbecomeawayoflife.B.Multitaskingoftenleadstoefficiencydecline.
C.Multitaskingexercisesneedtobeimproved.
D.Multitaskingenablespeopletorememberthingsbelter.
解析:主旨大意题。最后一段中作者继续描述了之前的观点:一个人同时从事多项工作会出
现很多问题。回到整篇文章,作者主要观点就是告诉大家:多项工作不能产生高效的结果,
故选择B。
【考例分析I】71.Thepassageismainlyabout.(2009江西卷)
A.honourandwritersB.identityandsignature
C.signatureandresponsibilityD.anonymityandsignature[答案】C
【解析】考生可以快速浏览每段首尾两句来确定每段的主题句,从而确定文章的主题句。
例如文章首段就举例引出名字和责任的关系,从最后一句ResponsibiHtyisthenamecfthe
game可看出:第二段和第三段分别举出两个反例来论证,注意两段的开头的关健短君to
acceptresponsibilityfortherelationship和remainanonymousforvariousreasonso最后一段总
结,与首段形成照应。A项是断章取义。命题者利用最后一段中的honour来命题,从而设
置干扰项。B、D两项是以偏概全。Identity和anonymity只是在第三段提及。
【考例分析2]60.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?(2009湖南卷)
A.Theresearchintowarhistory.B.Thefindingofaforgottenhero.
C.Thepilotsofthetwoworldwars.D.Theimportanceofmilitarystudies.
【解析】文章讲述由一张IH报纸上的照片重新发现英雄McKayde过程以及对McKay的了解
和评价,所以B项正确。文章首段便是主题句。A项断章取义,文章只是提到了一战,并
非讲述历史;C项似是而非,命题根据文中的pil。(来设题迷惑考生,实际上只是讲述了一
战时的一位飞行员;D项无中生有,根本没有提及军事研究的重要性。
[考例分析3]45.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(2009天津卷)
A.Thechangesoftheauthor'sattitudetohermother'sEnglish.
B.Thelimitationoftheauthor'sperceptionofhermother.
C.Theauthor'smisunderstandingof“limited”English.
D.Theauthor'sexperiencesofusingbrokenEnglish.【答案】A
【解析】文章讲述的是作者对母亲的brokenEnglish由开始的“认为是不完美的
(imperfect)”到后来逐渐认识到母亲的语言“内涵丰富”的一个变化过程。首段点明主旨,
末段最后一句与之形成照应。B、C两项均以偏概全。B项是对第二、三段的概括,C项是
对最后•段的概括。D项是张冠李戴,实际上是作者的母亲的经验。
2)主题句在结尾。用归纳法写的文章,其结构是表述细节的句子放在前面,概述性的句子
放在后面,并以此而结尾,所以结尾的句子起着总结归纳、画龙点睛的作用,多伴有so
\tlierefore\thus\inshort\asaresult\thatiswhy等词。例如:
【考例分析4】71.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(2009北京卷)
A.Musiceducationdeservesmoreattention.B.Musicshouldbeoftopeducationpriority.
C.Musicisaneffectivecommunicationtool.
D.Musiceducationmakesstudentsmoreimaginative.【答案】A
【解析】文章强调音乐教育的重要性,应当引起人们的广泛关注。最后一段的“S。music
educationisfarmorenecessarythanpeopleseemtorealize.”是主题句。B项无中生有,文章没
有提及topeducationprior让y;C项是以偏概全,只是第四段的大意;D项是断章取义,命题
者以第四段中的imagination为出题依据来迷惑考生。
[考例分析5]75.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(2009重庆卷)
A.Scienceanditsapplicationsbringusmanydangers.
B.Thedevelopmentofsciencemostlyliesinpeople'sattitudes.
C.Mankindcanlargelytakecontrolofsciencewiththeirefforts.
D.Thefutureofsciencewillbeinfluencedbythedangerousideas.[答案]B.
【解析】文章主要讲述了科学向好的方向还是坏的方向发展主要由人的态度决定。最后
一段点明主旨:A是项以偏概全,是第四段的大意:C项也是以偏概全,是第二段的大意;
D项断章取义,命题者根据文中的dangerous和idea来巴题迷惑考生,而实质上并没有表达
这样的意思。
【考例分析6168.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?(2009湖南卷)
A.Fishdietingandhumandieting.B.Dietingandhealth.
C.Humandieting.D.Fishdieting.【答案】D
【解析】本文主要讲述了鱼类保持身体瘦小的原因。末段首句是文章的主题句。A项主
题扩大,文章开始使用了人类瘦身与鱼类瘦身相类比,目的在于引起读者的兴趣,但不是文
章叙述的主要内容。B项无中生有,文章并没有提及heakhoC项断章取义,文章只是用human
dieting来衬托fishingdietc
3)主题句在中间。主题句出现在文章中间的情况通常是文章的开头部分提出问题.陈述
细节,导出主题句,然后再进一步用细节支持说明主题句。在文章中间的主题句通常起着承上
启下的作用,例如:
[考例分析7]56.Theauthorofthetextmainly.(2009陕西卷)
A.describestheactivitiesofalaw-breakerB.suggestsanidealwaytotravel
C.arguesagainstthea:r-couriertravelD.tellsusaboutadevelopingbusiness
解析:本文介绍一个新型的职业——航空投送员。第六段最后一句点明主旨,答案D
UP:“Itisnotcheapfbrabusinesstosendapackagewithanaircourier,butitisquick.”。文章开
头举例以引起读者的兴趣,最后一段介绍这种新职业的发展情况。
值得注意的是:有些文章和段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题,这就要求考生
在阅读过程中.根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意.
2.理清层次关系,,选出最佳标题
标题是文章中心思想的精练表达,多为一个名词词组,短小明了,函盖性强做这类题目时,
要在阅读全文的基础上,把握好层次关系。注意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分,干扰项往往是局
部信息、,是某一小节或文章里的某一句。所以我们在解题时要反复推敲,把概括范围过窄或
过宽的选项过滤掉。例如:
Whenyou'relyingonthewhitesandsoftheMexicanRiviera,thestresses(压力)ofthe
worldseemamillionmilesaway.Hey,stop!Thisisnovacation-youhavetofinishsomething!
49.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?(2010年全国卷nB篇)
A.AdventuresinTravelWritingB.WorkingasaFoodCritic
C.TravelGuidesoniheMarketD.VacationingforaLiving
49.答案:D考点::考主旨大意
解析:提示在文章第一段结尾句“Hey,stop!Thisisnovacation-youhavetofinishsomething!”
和第二段第二句“bini(neveroccurred(ome(hatIcouldmakemoneydoingbothofthose
things,”说明了没有想至lj“度假也可以谋生”的欣喜之情。
ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren'sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesof
gettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevision
onchildren.
67.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?(2010年辽宁卷C篇-节选自文章第一段)
A.ComputersorTelevisionB.EffectsofTelevisiononChildren
C.StudiesonTVandCollegeEducationD.TelevisionandChildren'sLearningHabits
67.B.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要通过两项研究分析了儿童看电视所造成的影
响。文章第一段第一句话是主题句,所以B项作为标题是最佳的。
Toerrishuman.Toblametheotherguyisevenmorehuman.
Commonsenseisnotallthatcommon.
Whytellthetruthwhenyoucancomeupwithagoodexcuse?
Thesethreepopularmisquotes(戏谑的弓I语)arcmeantlobejokes,andyettheytellusalot
abouthumannature.Toerr.ortomakemistakes,isindeedapartofbeinghuman,butitseeirs
thatmostpeopledon,lwanttoaccepttheresponsibilityfbrtheproblem.Perhapsitis(henatural
thingtodo.Theoriginalquoteabouthumannaturewentlikethis:"Toerrishuman,toforgive,
divine(神圣的).“Thissayingmirrorsandealpeopleshouldbeforgivingofothers'mistakes.
Instead,wetendtodotheopposite-findsomeoneelsetopasstheblameonto.However,taking
responsibilityfbrsomethingthatwentwrongisamakingofgreatmaturity.
55.Whatwouldbe(hebesttitleforhispassage?(2010年天津卷D篇-文章第一部分)
A.AMirrorofHumanNatureB.ToBlameortoForgive
C.AMarkofMaturityD.TruthorExcuse
55.A.主旨大意题。从全文和引言后第一段倒数第二句可知文章标题:人性的镜子。
引言后第一段第三句可知:批评别人的错误
[考例8]75.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitileforthispassage?(2009福建卷)
A.SavingEnergyStartsatHome.B.ChangingOurHabitsBeginsatWork
C.ChangingClimateSoundsReasonable
D.ReducingEmissionsofCO2ProvesDifficult[答案】A
【解析】本文作者说明人们从日常生活的细节做起,从自己家庭开始,一点一滴着手保
护环境。文章首段最后一句是文章的主题句。接下来三段讲述的是个人节约能源的方法。B
项是断章取义。末段最后一句提到了B项内容,但只是说明这是节约能源的方法之一;C
也是断章取义,文章虽然提到个人的行为也能改变气候,但这并非主题;D项是无中生有,
文章并没有提到此项内容,
3.抓住关键词,判断作者意图
作者在描述事实或传递信息时,不管他的意图是什么,其观点和态度都不可避免地在文章
中反映出来。常见的涉及到作者态度的词有褒义类此(approving,positive,optimistic,等:,贬
义类词(critical,pessimistic,doubtful,questioning)和中性类此(indifferent,serious,objective,
concerned,neutral)。这就要求考生在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞,尤其注意那些表达感情色
彩的形容词如improving,encouraging,disappointing,fail,ignore等,以及作者对人物语言、行
为和思想的描写,从中领悟作者的写作意图和态度,例如:
【考例9]Theworldofmake-believeisnotnecessarilybad.Butwhentheworldoffantasy
becomestheonlyoutlet(出路)foroursenseofwonder,thenwearereallymissingsomething.We
aremissingaconnectionwiththelivingworld.Otherwonderfulworldsexistallaroundus.But
evenmoreinterestingisthatifwelookcloselyenough,wecanseethattheseworlds,inabroad
sense,arereallypartofourown.
75.Whatisthemainpurposeof(hepassage?(2010年重庆卷E篇)
A.Toshowusthehiddenbeautyinourworld.
B.Towarnusnottogetlos:inthefantasyworld.
C.lbargueagainstthemisuseofthesenseofwonder.
D.Todiscusstheinfluenceoftheworldofmake-believe.
75.答案:Bo作者意图题。由文章最后一段可知,作者写这篇文章的目的就是要告诉我们
不要沉迷在幻想之中。由此判断选B项。
65.Theauthorintendsto(2009山东卷)
A.makeconsumersawareofthepromoters'falsepromises
B.showtheweaknessofthelawonproductsafety
C.giveadviceonhowtokeepyoungandbeautiful
D.introducetheorganizationofFDA.【答案】A
【解析】通读全文可知,作者的目的是让消费者注意虚假的承诺。注意第四段第一句中
的关键短语nothingmorethanmoney-makingthings,dangeroustohealth以及文章最后一句都
能体现作者的意图。B、D两项都是以偏概全;C项无中生有,文中根本没有提及。
[考例分析10]68.Themainpurposeofthetextistotellparents.(2009海南、
宁夏卷)
A.howtogetalongwithateenagerB.howtorespectateenager
C.howtounderstandateenagerD.howtohelpateenagergrowup【答案】D
【解析】本文主要讲了作为父母,我们应该如何帮助孩子成长。首段最后一句是主题句。
注意这些关键词句:giveyourchild...;teachyourteenager:expectalotfromchild等,这些都表
明了作者写本文的目的。A项主题扩大,和孩子相处包含很多内容,而文章所讲只是其中的
一个方面;B项以偏概全,在第二段最后提及,并非主题句;C项是无中生有,文章没有提
及。
总之,主旨大意类题虽然综合性强,对考生的能力要求较高,但只要我们掌握了一定的解题
技巧,在读懂读透文章的基础上,仔细对比四个备选项之间的内涵与外延之间的差异,定能
准确地找出正确答案。
二.细节题
正确答案的特点:与原文情节表达手法不同,但所表达的意思相同。
干扰选项的特点:1.是原文信息,但与题目要求不符;
2.符合常识,但不符合原文内容;
3.与原文情节极为相似,只是在程度上有些变动;
4.选项中所提供的信息部分正确,部分错误;
5.在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
例如:ForNormanBethune,savingliveswasthemostimportantthingintheworld.
NormanBethunethoughtthat_.
A.hehimselfwasafamousdoctorintheworld
B.hecouldonlysavelivesbecausehewasadoctor
C.savingliveswasmoreimportantthananyotherthingforhim
D.intheworld,heshoulddonothingbutsavelives
1、直接事实题:
先读题干,确定读材料的讨要查找的细节及事实的范围,然后利用略读手法找出出处。
2、间接事实题:
需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。
3、事实细节题:主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解
能力,问题主要包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果
(effect).文中的数据(da⑶等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考具体细节。
常见问题形式有
I.三正一误(三项正确,只有一项不符合原文内容)或三误一正(三项错误,只有一项符合原文
容):
①.Whichofthefollowingistrue/falseexcept...?
②.Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept...
2.定义3.年代与数字4.比较5.原因和结果
Theshowbusinessthingworkedout,ofcourse.Inhercareer,Marywonmanyawards.Only
recently,whenshebegantowriteGrowingUpA^ain,didsheregretignoringhermorn,"Idon't
knowhowtouseacomputer,"sheadmits.
61.WhydidMaryfeelregretful?(2010年湖南卷)
A.Shedidn'tachieveherambition.B.Shedidn'ttakecareofhermother.
C.Shedidn'tcompleteherhighschool.D.Shedidn'tfollowhermother'sadvice.
61.答案D细节理解题。
解析:根据第二段“Onlyrecently,whenshebegantowri:eGrowingUpAgain,didsheregret
ignoringhermom,_____判断选D项。
62,Wecanknowthatbefore1995Mary(2010年湖南卷)
A.hadtwobookspublishedB.receivedmanycareerawards
C.knewhowtouseacomputerD.supportedtheJDRFbywriting
考点::细节理解题。答案B
解析:根据第二段“Theshowbusinessthingworkedout,ofcourse.Inhercareer,Marywonmany
awards.”可判断选B项。
Unlikeher1995autobiography,AfterAll,hersecondbookislessaboutlifeasanaward-winning
actressandmoreaboutlivingwithdiabetes(糖尿病).Allthemoneyfromthebookisintendedfor
theJuvenileDiabetesResearchFoundation(JDRF),anorganizationsheservesasinternational
chairman."Ifelttherewasaneedforabooklikethis,"shesays."Ididn'twanttolecture,butI
wantedotherdiabeticstoknowthatthingsgetbetterwhenwe'reself-controlledanddoourpartin
managingthedisease."
63.Mary,ssecondbookGrowingUpAgainismainlyabouther_(2010湖南卷)
A.livingwithdiabetesB.successfulshowbusiness
C.serviceforanorganizationD.remembranceofhermother
考点::细节理解题。答案A
解析:根据第三段
aboutlivingwithdiabetes(濡尿病).”可判断选A项。
Everydayweexperienceoneofthewondersoftheworldarounduswithoutevenrealizingit.Itis
nottheamazingcomplexityoftelevision,northeimpressivetechnologyoftransport.The
universalwonderweshareandexperienceisourabilitytomakenoisewithoutmouths,andso
transmitideasandthoughtstoeachother'sminds.Thisabilitycomessonaturallythatwetendto
forgetwhatamiracle(奇迹)itis.
72.Accordingtothepassage,thewonderwetakeforgrantedis.(2010年江西E篇)
A.ourabilitytouselanguageB.themiracleoftechnology
C.theamazingpowerofnatureD.ourabilitytomakenoiseswithmouth
考点::细节理解题。答案:A
题目:根据文章,我们认为理所当然的奇迹是:
A:我们使用语言的能力B:技术的奇迹C:自然的惊人力量
D:我们用嘴制造噪音的能力。
解析:根据第一段倒数第二句话Theuniversalwonderweshareandexperienceisourabilityto
makenoisewithoutmouths,andsotransmitideasandthoughtstoeachother'sminds.可知:我
们把使用语言的能力这个奇迹当做理所当然。B,C选项与文章不符,在第一段第二句话中可
得知。D选项易误导学生,在文章中虽然有原话,但一句话没有说完,关键是通过嘴巴发出
的声音去给其他人传递信息。故D选项也是错误的。
Afteramonthoffeelingupset,Thomasdecidedhe'dbetterfindawaytofightback.Heleft
Canton,MichiganforNewYork,gotajobwaitingtables,nicknamedhimselftheDiabetic
Rockstar,andcreateddiabeticrockstar.com.afreeonlinecommunityfordiabeticsandtheirloved
ones—aplacewhereover1,100peoplesharepersonalstories,information,andresources.
57.Diabeitcrockstar.comwascreatedfor.(2010年山东卷A篇)
A.diabeticstocommunicateB.volunteerstofindjobs
C.children(oamusethemselvesD.rockstarstoshareresources.
考点::细节理解题。答案:A
解析:根据afreeonlinecommunityfordiabeticsandtheirlovedones—aplacewhereover1,100
peoplesharepersonalstories,information,andresources可知A项正确。
Thesedays,Thomas'smainfocusishischarily(慈善机构),FightIt,whichprovidesmedicines
andsuppliestopeople-225todate—whocan'taffordadiabetic'shugeexpenses.Fight-it.orghas
raisedabout$23.000—inproductsandincash.InMay,ThomaswillholdthefirstannualDiabetic
RoukstarFestivalintheCaribbean.
59.WhatcanwelearnaboutFightIt?(2010年山东卷A篇)
A.Ithelpsthediabeticsinfinancialdifficulties.B.Itorganizespartiesforvolunteeronceayear.
C.Itofferslessexpensivemedicinetodiabetics.D.Itownsawell-knownmedicalwebsite.
解析:细节理解题。根据FightIt,whichprovidesmedicinesandsuppliestopeople—225to
date—whocan'taffordadiabetic'shugeexpenses.Fight-it.orghasraisedabout$23.000-in
productsandincash.可知A项正确。
Armantrout,anativeCalifornian,receivedherbachelor'sdegreeatLJCBerkeley,whereshe
studiedwithnotedpoetDeniseLevertov,andhermaster'sincreativewritingfromSanFrancisco
StateUniversity.SheisafoundingmemberofLanguagePoets,agroupinAmericanpoetrythat
analyzesthewaylanguageisusedandraisesquestionstomakethereaderthink.
67.WhichofthefollowingistrueofRaeArmantrout?(2010年山东卷C篇)
A.Shepublishedapoetrytextbook.B.SheusedtoteachDeniseLevertov.
C.Shestartedapoets'groupwithothers.
D.ShetaughtcreativewritingatLJCBerkeley.
解析:细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的SheisafoundingmuiiibcrofLanguagePoets,agroup
inAmericanpoetry可知C项正确。
Manysportsencouragenationalorlocalpride.Themostfamousgamesofall,theOlympic
Games,bringathletesfromaroundtheworldtogethertotakepartinfriendlycompetition.People
whowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthatagoldmedalisawinforanentirecountry,notjust
theathletewhoearnedit.Forcountriesexperiencingnaturaldisastersorwar,anOlympicwincan
meansomuch.
43.Accordingtothepassage,whyiswinningOlympicmedalssoencouraging?(2010天津卷B
篇)
A.Itinspirespeople'sdeeploveforthecountry.
B.Itprovestheexceptionalskillsofthewinners.
C.Ithelpsthecountryoutofnaturaldisasters.
D.Itcamsthewinnersfameandfortune.
43.A.细节理解题。根据第四段中的Peoplewhowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthata
goldmedalisawinforanentirecountry,notjusttheathletewhoearnedit.可知A项正确。
Thisstory-whichhappenedbeforeIwasborn—remindsmehowextraordinarymymother
was,andisalsoagiftedmathematician.IfeelembarrassedthatIcomplainaboutnothaving
enoughchild-frcctimetowork.Later,whenmymotherisinthebathroom,Igointoherkitchen
andturnoverthebreadboards.Sureenough,onthebackofthesmallestone.aresomepenciled
marksIrecognizeasmathematics.Thosesymbolshavetraveledunaffectedthroughfiftyyears,
rootedinthesoilofacheapwoodenbreadboard,invisible(看不至的)exhibitsateverymeal.
48.Theauthorfeelsembarrassedfor.(2010年天津卷C篇)
A.blaminghermotherwrongly.B.givinghermotheraloloftrouble.
C.notmakinggooduseoftimeashermotherdid.
D.notmakinganybreakthroughinherfield.
48.C.细节理解题。最后一段中有Ifeelembarrassed(ha(Icomplainaboutnothavingenough
child-freetimetowork.可知答案。
Thesethreepopularmisquotes(戏谑的弓I语)aremeanttobejokes,andyettheytellusalot
abouthumannature.Toerr,ortomakemistakes,isindeedapartofbeinghuman,butitseeirs
thatmostpeopledon'twanttoaccepttheresponsibilityfbrtheproblem.Perhapsitisthenatural
thingtodo.Theoriginalquoteabouthumannaturewentlikethis:"Toerrishuman,toforgive,
divine(神圣的).”Thissayingmirrorsandealpeopleshouldbeforgivingofothers'mistakes.
Instead,wetendtodotheopposite-findsomeoneelsetopasstheblameonto.However,taking
responsibilityforsomethingthatwentwrongisamakingofgreatmalurity.
52.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisasignofaman'smaturity?(2010年天津卷D篇)
A.Doingthingshisownway.B.Bearingresponsibilityforhismistakes.
C.Makingasfewmistakesaspossible.D.Thinkingseriouslyabouthiswrongdoing.
52.B.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话However,takingresponsibilityforsomething【hat
wentwrongisamakingofgreatmaturity.可得出答案。
SaratriedtobefriendheroldfriendSteve'snewwife,butBettyneverseemedtohaveanythingto
say.WhileSarafeltBettydidn'tholdupherendoftheconversation.BettycomplainedtoSteve
thatSaranevergaveherachancetotalk.Theproblemhadtodowithexpectationsaboutpacing
andpausing.
64.WhatdidSarathinkofBettywhentalkingwithher?(2010年北京卷)
A.Bettywastalkative.B.Bettywasaninterrupter.
C.Bettydidnottakeherturn.D.BettypaidnoattentiontoSara.
64.C细节题,难题。难在弄不清谁是S谁是B,耐心读,动笔划,从第一段得出正确答
案并不难:SarafeltBettydidn'tholdupherendoftheconversation
Fullgovernmentfunding(资助)isnotverygoodforuniversities.AdamSmithworkedina
Scottishuniversitywhoseteacherslivedoffstudentfees.Heknewandlookeddownupon
1Sth-centuryOxford,wheretheacademicslivedcomfortablyofftheincomereceivedfromthe
government.Guaranteedsalaries,Smithargued,weretheenemyofhardwork;andwhenthe
academicswerelazyandincompetent,thestudentsweresimilarlylazy.
69.Theauthorthinksthatwithfullgovernmentfunding(2010年北京卷)
A.teachersarelesssatisfiedB.studentsaremoredemanding
C.studentswillbecomemorecompetentD.teacherswillspendlesstimeonteaching
69.D细节题,简单题。根据题干关键词"fullgovernmenifunding"定位原文,根据"文题顺序
一致"原则从上一题(hem后面去找,会找至UFullgovernmentfunding(资助)isnotverygoodfor
universities....andwhentheacademicswerelazyandincompetent,thestudentsweresimilarly
lazy."lazy"转换成"spendlesslime”不难得出正确选项。
例1.ManyAmericanpresidentsintheI9(hcenturywereborninpoorfamilies.Theyspent
theirchildhoodinlittlewoodenrooms.Theygotlittleeducation.WashingtonandLincoln,for
example,neverwent(oschoolandtheytaughtthemselves.Lincolnoncedidjobsofaworker,
shop-keeperandpostofficerinhisearlyyears.
AlargenumberofU.Spresidentshadexperiencesinthearmy.Thetwobestknownwere
UlyssesGrant(尤利塞斯•格兰特)andDwightD.Eisenhower(德怀特・艾森豪威尔).Grant
wasageneralintheAmericanCivilWarandEisenhowerwasaherointheSecondWorldWarIt
happenedthattheygraduatedfromthesameschool—WestPointMilitaryAcademy(西点军
校)……
Q:PresidentEisenhowerbecamewell-known.
A.whilestudyinginWestPointMilitaryAcademyB.duringtheAmericanCivilWar
C.afterhewaselectedPresidentoftheU.S.D.duringWorldWarIL
例2.1nvitcdbyMr.YeHuixian,hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight“,Miss
LuoLin,MissAsiaof1991,appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlast
BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold,LuoLinhas
neverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetook
partinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.
However,itstilltookherthreemonthscolearntheartofwalkingonthestage»dancing,singing,
making-upandotherpropermanners,
"It'sreallyahardjobfbrme.Iwon'tenterfbrsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow,Iam
quitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwenthe
title.Thistime,inShanghai,I*dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience,"saidLuo
Linwithasweetsmile.
Q:।
C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.
三•猜帆!1词义题:词、短语意思的猜测主要依据它所在段落的内容进行。如果该段落比
较短,信息量不足,那么与之相邻的上下两个段落的内容则是猜词义的重要依据。
1.词义猜测题常用的提问方式:
l).Theword"...''refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby.
2).Theword':..”ismostHkelytomean.
3).Whatdoyouthinktheexpression”…"standsfbr?
4).Theunderlinedword''."means................
2.猜测词义方法
l).Definition定义法2).Contrast对比法3).Similarity相似法4).Causeandeffeci因果法
5).Example例举法6).WordFormation构词法7).Contexl上下文8).CommonSense常识法
D.Definition定义法:一般通过定义、定语(从句)或同位语(从句)来确定词义。
①.Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle-thatis,itwillbreakeasily.()
②.Theherdsman、wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.()
2).Contrast对比法:利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词(组)猜测词义。
Ihateddinnerparlies.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI'minLondon.Andmy
friendMallcryinvitedme.
60.Whatdoestheword"shot"inParagraph1probablymean?(2010年辽宁卷)
A.Choice.B.TryC.Style.D.Goal
60.B.词义猜测题。从第一句的hate,到but意义上的转折,说明尽管不喜欢,还是要“尝
试一下“,所以try的意思更接近shoto
©.Mostofusagreed,however.Billdissented.()
②.Sheisusuallymonwifcrallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.
A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quickly
3).Similarity相似法:利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。
©.Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thsjobissolarge,infact,thatthe
governmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpollu
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