医学单词 常用解剖词汇

附录常用解剖词汇

1、头颅解剖

颅骨cranialbone

外板outerplate

内板innerplate

板障diploe

脑膜中动脉沟middlemeningealarterygroove

静脉沟venousgroove

颅缝cranialsuture

额缝frontalsuture

冠状缝coronalsuture

人字缝lambdoidsuture

矢状缝sagittalsuture

颍顶缝temporoparietalsuture

而冈anteriorfontanelle

后囱posteriorfontanelle

颅前窝anteriorcranialfossa

颅中窝middlecranialfossa

颅后窝posteriorcranialfossa

筛板cribriformplate

视神经管opticcanal

眶上裂superiororbitalfissure

蝶崎sphenoidalcrest

蝶骨大翼greaterwingofsphenoid

蝶骨小翼lesserwingofsphenoid

碟鞍sellaturcica

前床突anteriorclinoidprocess

后床突posteriorclinoidprocess

鞍结节tuberculumsellae

鞍背dorsumsellae

垂体pituitarygland

垂体柄pituitarystalk

垂体窝hypophysealfossa

鞍膈diaphragmsellae

破裂孔foramenlacerum

圆孔foramenrotundum

卵圆孔foramenovale

棘孔foramenspinosum

斜坡clivus

乳突mastoidprocess

岩骨尖petrousapex

内听道internalauditorycanal

颈静脉孔jugularforamen

枕内隆突internaloccipitalprotuberance

枕外隆突externaloccipitalprotuberance

枕大孔foramenmagnum

脑脊膜meninges

硬脑膜cerebralduramater

蛛网膜cerebralarachnoidmater

软脑膜cerebralpiamatter

大脑镰cerebralfalx

小脑镰cerebellarfalx

硬膜外隙epiduralspace

硬膜下隙subduralsoace

蛛网膜下隙subarachnoidspace

侧裂池cisternofsylvius

四叠体池quadrigeminalcistern

脚间池interpeduncularcistern

鞍上池suprasellarcistern

桥池pontinecistern

小脑上池supracerebellarcistern

小脑延髓池cerebellomedullarycistern

枕大池cisternamagna

蛛网膜颗粒arachnoidgranulations

脉络丛choroidplexus

脑脊液cerebrospinalfluid

大脑cerebrum

大脑半球cerebralhemisphere

大脑皮质cerebralcortex

大脑髓质cerebralmedulla

脑回gyrus

脑沟sulcus

纵裂longitudinalfissure

侧裂sylvianfissure

额叶frontallobe

额极frontalpole

顶叶parietallobe

枕叶occipitallobe

颖叶temporallobe

岛叶insularlobe

海马hippocampus

嗅脑rhinencephalon

脐月氐体corpuscallosum

月并服体任部spleniumofcorpuscallosum

肌脏体干trunkofcorpuscallosum

月并版体膝部genuofcorpuscallosum

肌版体嘴部rostrumofcorpuscallosum

月并版体辐射radiationofcorpuscallosum

基底核basalnuclei

纹状体corpusstriatum

尾状核caudatenucleus

尾状核头部headofcaudatenucleus

尾状核体部bodyofcaudatenucleus

尾状核尾部tailofcaudatenucleus

豆状核lentiformnucleus

壳核putamen

苍白球globuspallidus

屏状核claustrum

杏仁体amygdaloidbody

外囊externalcapsule

内囊internalcapsule

内囊前肢anteriorlimbofinternalcapsule

内囊膝genuofinternalcapsule

内囊后肢posteriorlimbofinternalcapsule

间脑diencephalon

背侧丘脑dorsalthalamus

上丘脑epithalamus

下丘脑hypothalamus

脑干brainstem

中脑midbrain

大脑脚cerebralpeduncle

脚间窝interpeduncularfossa

桥脑pons

小脑桥脑角cerebellopontineangle

黑质substantianigra

红核rednucleus

延髓medullaoblongata

小脑cerebellum

小脑半球cerebellarhemisphere

小脑蚓vermis

小脑扁桃体tonsilofcerebellum

齿状核dentatenucleus

小脑脚cerebellarpeduncle

脑室ventricle

侧脑室lateralventricle

侧脑室中央部centralpartoflateralventricle

侧脑室前角anteriorhornoflateralventricle

侧脑室后角posteriorhornoflateralventricle

侧脑室下角inferiorhornoflaterialventricle

孟氏孔foramenofMonro

透明隔septumpellucidum

第三脑室thirdventricle

视隐窝opticrecess

漏斗隐窝infundibularrecess

松果体pinealbody

松果体上隐窝pinealrecess

第四脑室fourthventricle

第四脑室正中孔medianapertureoffourthventricle

第四脑室外侧孔lateralapertureoffourthventricle

视交叉opticchiasma

视束optictrack

乳头体mamillarybody

漏斗infundibulum

导水管aqueduct

脑神经cranialnerves

嗅神经olfactorynerve

视神经opticnerve

动眼神经oculomotornerve

滑车神经trochlearnerve

三叉神经trigeminalnerve

展神经abducentnerve

面神经facialnerve

前庭蜗神经vestibulocochlearnerve

舌咽神经glossopharyngealnerve

迷走神经vagusnerve

副神经accessorynerve

舌下神经hypoglossalnerve

颈总动脉commoncarotidartery

颈动脉窦carotidsinus

颈动脉分杈carotidbifurcation

颈外动脉externalcarotidartery

甲状腺上动脉superiorthyroidartery

咽升动脉ascendingpharyngealartery

脑膜后动脉posteriormeningealartery

舌动脉lingualartery

面动脉facialartery

刻下动脉submentalartery

枕动脉occipitalartery

脑膜支meningealbranch

颍浅动脉superficialtemporalartery

上颌动脉maxillaryartery

脑膜中动脉middlemeningealartery

颈内动脉internalcarotidartery

海绵窦部cavernouspart

海绵窦支branchofcavernoussinus

脑膜垂体干meningohypophysialtrunk

眼动脉ophthalmicartery

脑膜返之recurrentmeningealbranch

眼上动脉supraorbitalartery

脑膜前支anteriormeningealbranch

后交通动脉posteriorcommunicatingartery

脉络丛前动脉anteriorchoroidalartery

大脑前动脉anteriorcerebralartery

前交通动脉anteriorcommunicatingartery

额支frontalbranch

交通后部（脱周动脉）postcommunicatingpart

脱肌体缘动脉callosomarginalartery

顶枕动脉parietooccipitalartery

大脑中动脉middlecerebralartery

颍极动脉temporalispolarisartery

颍叶前动脉anteriortemporalartery

颍叶中动脉middletemporalartery

颍叶后动脉posteriortemporalartery

顶叶后动脉posteriorparietalartery

角回动脉arteryofangulrgyrus

额顶升支fronto-parietalartery

椎动脉vertebralartery

大脑动脉环cerebralarterialcircle

基底动脉basilarartery

小脑下后动脉posteriorinferiorcerebellarartery

小脑下前动脉anteriorinferiorcerebralartery

小脑上动脉superiorcerebellarartery

小脑后动脉inferiorcerebellarartery

后内侧中央动脉posteromedialcentralarteries

脉络丛后支posteriorchoroidalbranch

后外侧中央动脉posterolateralcentralarteries

枕叶外侧动脉lateraloccipitalartery

枕叶内侧动脉medialoccipitalartery

颈内静脉internaljugularvein

颈外静脉externaljugularvein

脑膜静脉meningealvein

题浅静脉superficialtemporalvein

面横静脉facialtransversevein

上颌静脉maxillaryveins

翼静脉丛pteryvenousplexus

脑膜中静脉middlemeningealveins

硬脑膜窦sinusesofduramater

上矢状窦superiorsagittalsinus

下矢状窦inferiorsagittalsinus

直窦straightsinus

横窦transversesinus

窦汇confluenceofsinus

枕窦occipitalsinus

乙状窦sigmoidsinus

岩下窦inferiorpetrosalsinus

岩上窦superiorpetrosalsinus

海绵窦cavernoussinus

蝶顶窦sphnoparietalsinus

大脑静脉cerebralveins

大脑浅静脉superficialcerebralvein

大脑下静脉inferiorcerebralvein

大脑深静脉deepcerebralveins

基底静脉basalvein

大脑大静脉greatcerebralvein

大脑内静脉internalcerebralvein

小脑静脉cerebellarvein

蚓下静脉inferiorveinofvermis

蚓上静脉superiorveinofvermis

小脑上静脉superiorcerebellarvein

小脑下静脉inferiorcerebellarvein

小脑中央前静脉precentralcerebellarvein

岩部静脉petrosalvein

额肌frontalis

颍肌temporalis

枕额肌occipitofrontalis

头半棘肌semispinaliscapitis

头夹肌spleniuscapitis

头皮scalp

2、胸部解剖

胸廓thoraciccage

椎骨vertebrae

肩胛骨scapula

锁骨clavicle

肋骨costalbone

肋软骨costalcartilage

肋间隙intercostalspace

胸骨sternum

胸骨柄manubriumsterni

胸骨体bodyofsternum

剑突xiphoidprocess

胸锁关节sternoclavicularjoint

肩关节shoulderjoint

肋椎关节costovertebraljoints

乳房mamma

肺尖apexoflung

肺门hilumoflung

肺野lungfield

肺实质lungparenchyma

肺纹理lungmarkings

叶间裂interlobarfissure

斜裂obliquefissure

水平裂horizontalfissure

肺叶pulmonarylobe

上叶superiorlobe

中叶middlelobe

下叶inferiorlobe

舌叶lingularlobe

尖后段apicoposteriorsegment

前段anteriorsegment

后段posteriorsegment

背段dorsalsegment

前基底段anteriorbasalsegment

后基底段posteriorbasalsegment

外侧基底段lateralbasalsegment

内侧基底段medialbasalsegment

气管trachea

支气管bronchi

细支气管bronchioles

气管隆突carinaoftrachea

气管杈bifurcationoftrachea

淋巴结lymphnode

气管旁淋巴结paratracheallymphnode

气管支气管旁淋巴结tracheobronchiallymphnode

隆突下淋巴结subcarinallymphnode

脏胸膜visceralpleura

壁胸膜parietalpleura

胸膜腔pleuralcavity

膈diaphragm

肋膈角costophrenicangle

纵隔mediastinum

甲状腺thyroidgland

胸腺thymus

奇静脉azygosvein

半奇静脉hemiazygosvein

副半奇静脉accessoryhemiazygosvein

升主动脉ascendingaorta

降主动脉descendingaorta

主动脉弓aorticarch

头臂干brachiocephalictrunk

胸主动脉thoracicaorta

锁骨下动脉subclavianartery

腋动脉axillaryartery

肋间动脉intercostalartery

肺动脉pulmonaryartery

肺动脉干pulmonarytrunk

肺动脉瓣valveofpulmonarytrunk

肺动脉圆锥pulmonaryconusarteriosus

支气管动脉bronchialartery

胸廓内动脉internalthoracicartery

头臂静脉brachiocephalicvein

头静脉cephalicvein

上腔静脉superiorvenacava

下腔静脉inferiorvenacava

腋静脉axillaryvein

胸廓内静脉internalthoracicvein

胸导管thoracicduct

垂位心longnarrowheart

球形心obliqueglobularheart

横位心transverseheart

心耳auricleofheart

心房cardiacatrium

心室cardiacventricle

心尖cardiacapex

心包pericardium

心膈角cardio-phrenicangle

主动脉窗aorticwindow

房间隔interatrialseptum

室间隔interventricularseptum

二尖瓣mitralvalve

三尖瓣tricuspidvalve

主动脉瓣aorticvalve

冠状动脉coronalartery

心肌myocardium

胸大肌pectoralismajor

胸小肌pectoralisminor

肩胛下肌subscapularis

背阔肌latissimusdorsi

斜方肌trapezius

3、腹部解剖

食管esophagus

食管颈段cervicalsegmentofesophagus

食管胸段thoracicsegmentofesophagus

食管腹段abdominalsegmentofesophagus

田

stomach

胃前壁anteriorwallofstomach

国F曲

posteriorwallofstomach

胃大弯greatercurvatureofstomach

胃小弯lessercurvatureofstomach

胃角切迹angularincisure

贲门cardia

胃底fundusofstomach

胃体bodyofstomach

幽门pylorus

幽门管pyloriccanal

粘膜mucousmembrane

粘膜下层submucouslayer

肌层muscularlayer

浆膜serousmembrane

胃小区gastricareas

胃小沟gastricgroove

小肠smallintestine

十二指肠duodenum

十二指肠上部，球部superiorpartofduodenum

十二指肠降部descendingpartofduodenum

十二指肠水平部horizontalpartofduodenum

十二指肠升部ascendingpartofduodenum

十二指肠空肠曲duodenojejunalflexure

十二指肠纵裳longitudinalfoldofduodenum

十二指肠乳头duodenalpapilla

空肠jejunum

回肠ileum

大肠largeintestine

盲肠cecum

回盲瓣ileocecalvalve

阑尾vermiformappendix

结肠colon

升结肠ascendingcolon

横结肠transversecolon

降结肠descendingcolon

乙状结肠sigmoidcolon

结肠右曲rightflexureofcolon

结肠左曲leftflexureofcolon

结肠袋haustraofcolon

直肠rectum

直肠壶腹ampullaofrectum

肛门anus

肠系膜mesentery

腹膜peritoneum

腹腔peritonealcavity

腹主动脉abdominalaorta

腹腔干celiactrunk

胃左动脉leftgastricartery

胃十二指肠动脉gastroduodenalartery

胰十二指肠上动脉superiorpancreaticoduodenalartery

胃网膜动脉gastroepiploicartery

胃短动脉shortgastricantery

肠系膜上动脉superiormesentericartery

肠系膜下动脉inferiormesentericartery

空肠动脉jejunalartery

回肠动脉ilealartery

回结肠动脉ileocolicartery

盲肠动脉cecalartery

阑尾动脉appendicularartery

右结肠动脉rightcolicartery

中结肠动脉middlecolicartery

左结肠动脉leftcolicartery

乙状结肠动脉sigmoidarteries

直肠上动脉superiorrectalartery

胃网膜静脉gastroepiploicvein

胰十二指肠静脉pancreaticoduodenalvein

肠系膜上静脉superiormesenericvein

空肠静脉jejunalvein

回肠静脉ilealvein

回结肠静脉ileocolicvein

右结肠静脉rightcolicvein

阑尾静脉appendicularvein

直肠上静脉superiorrectalvein

肝脏liver

肝门portahepatis

肝脏右叶rightlobeofliver

肝脏左叶leftlobeofliver

外侧段lateralsegment

内侧段medialsegment

前段anteriorsegment

后段posteriorsegment

方叶quadratelobe

尾叶caudatelobe

镰状韧带falciformligamentofliver

肝圆韧带ligamentumtereshepatic

肝总动脉commonhepaticartery

肝固有动脉properhepaticartery

肝右动脉righthepaticartery

肝左动脉lefthepaticartery

肝静脉hepaticveins

肝门静脉hepaticportalvein

胆囊gallbladder

胆囊窝fossaforgallbladder

胆囊管cysticduct

胆管bileduct

胆总管commonbileduct

肝外胆管extrahepaticbileduct

肝胰壶腹hepatopancreaticampulla

十二指肠乳头duodenalpapilla

肝胰壶腹括约肌sphincterofhepatopancreaticampulla

胰头headofpancreas

胰体bodyofpancreas

胰尾tailofpancreas

钩突uncinateprocess

胰管pancreaticduct

脾脏spleen

脾门hilumofspleen

脾动脉splenicartery

脾静脉splenicvein

肾脏kidney

肾门renalhilum

肾窦renalsinus

肾皮质renalcortex

肾髓质renalmedulla

肾锥体renalpyramids

肾乳头renalpapilla

肾柱renalcolumns

肾盂renalpelvis

肾盏renalcalyx

肾周脂肪组织perirenaladiposetissue

肾筋膜renalfascia

Gerota筋膜Gerota'sfascia

肾动脉renalartery

叶间动脉interloberartery

肾静脉renalvein

叶间静脉interlobervein

输尿管ureter

膀胱urinarybladder

膀胱尖apexofbladder

膀胱体bodyofbladder

膀胱底fundusofbladder

膀胱颈neckofbladder

输尿管口uretericorifice

尿道内口internalurethralorifice

前列腺prostate

阴茎penis

尿道urethra

尿道前列腺段prostaticsegmentofurethra

尿道膜部membranouspartofurethra

尿道海绵体部cavernouspartofurethra

肾上腺adrenalgland

肾上腺皮质cortexofadrenalgland

肾上腺髓质medullaofadrenalgland

睾丸testis

睾丸鞘膜tunicavaginolisoftestis

附睾epididymis

附睾头headofepididymis

附睾管ductofepididymis

附睾体bodyofepididymis

射精管ejaculatoryduct

输精管ductusdeferens

精囊seminalvesicle

精索spermaticcord

卵巢ovary

输卵管uterinetube

子宫uterus

子宫体bodyofuterus

子宫腔cavityofuterus

子宫内膜endometrium

子宫颈neckofuterus

子宫颈管canalofcervixofuterus

阴道vagina

子宫圆韧带roundligamentofuterus

子宫阔韧带broadligamentofuterus

直肠子宫陷凹Douglaspouch

子宫静脉丛uterinevenousplexus

子宫阴道静脉丛uterovaginalvenousplexus

阴道静脉丛vaginalvenousplexus

骼总动脉commoniliacartery

骼腰动脉iliolumbarartery

骼外动脉externaliliacartery

骼内动脉internaliliacartery

腹直肌rectusabdominis

竖脊肌erectorspinae

腰大肌psoasmajor

腰方肌quadratuslumborum

闭孔内肌obturatorexternus

闭孔外肌obturatorinternus

耻骨肌pectineus

臀大肌gluteusmaximus

臀中肌gluteusmedimus

臀小肌gluteusminimus

骼腰肌iliopsoas

4、四肢解剖

上肢upperlimb

肩shoulder

肩胛冈spineofscapula

肩峰acromion

下角inferiorangle

关节盂glenoidcavity

喙突coracoidprocess

肱骨humerus

解剖颈anatomicalneck

外科颈surgicalneck

大结节greatertubercle

小结节lessertubercle

牌condyle

小头capitulum

滑车trochlea

鹰嘴窝olecranonfossa

内上牌medialepicondyle

外上牌lateralepicondile

肘elbow

楼骨radius

茎突styloidprocess

尺骨ulna

切迹notch

腕骨carpus

手舟骨scaphoidbone

月骨lunatebone

三角骨triquetralbone

豌豆骨pisiformbone

大多角骨trapeziumbone

小多角骨trapezoidbone

头状骨capitatebone

钩骨hamatebone

手掌palmofhand

掌骨metacarpalbone

掌骨体shaftofmetacarpalbone

掌骨底baseofmetacarpalbone

掌骨头headofmetacarpalbone

指骨phalangesoffingers

近节指骨proximalphalanx

远节指骨distalphalanx

中节指骨middlephalanx

籽骨sesamoidbone

下肢lowerlimb

舐骨sacrum

舐孔sacralforamina

尾骨coccyx

骼骨ilium

骼骨翼alaofilium

坐骨支ramusofischium

坐骨体bodyofischium

耻骨pubis

耻骨联合pubicsymphysis

闭孔obturatorforamen

hip

酸臼acetabulum

股骨femur

转子间崎intertrochantericcrest

大转子greatertrochanter

小转子lessertrochanter

膝knee

胫骨tibia

黑间窝intercondylarfossa

黑间隆起intercondylareminence

胫骨结节tuberclesoftibia

骸骨patella

腓骨fibula

踝ankle

内踝medialmalleolus

外踝lateralmalleolus

足foot

距骨talus

跟骨calcaneu