状语从句用法详解课件说课讲解

状语从句用法详解万源中学高一英语备课组说到状语从句，您知道有哪些状语从句吗？一、时间状语从句

二、地点状语从句

三、方式状语从句四、程度状语从句五、原因状语从句六、结果状语从句七、目的状语从句八、条件状语从句九、让步状语从句十、比较状语从句1．时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导：after,before,as,once,till,until,(ever)since,when,whenever,while,now(that),aslongas,assoonas。如：Now(that)you’vegrownup,youmuststopthischildishbehaviour.Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.Comeandseeuswheneveryouhavetime.Peopledonotknowthevalueofhealthtilltheyloseit.2．有些词，如immediately,directly,instantly等，当用于assoonas意义时，也可以引导时间状语从句，如：IgotintouchwithhimimmediatelyIreceivedhisletter.Mysistercamedirectlyshegotmymessage.Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton.I’lltelephoneyoudirectlyIhearthenews.Willyoulookforitimmediatelyyougetthere?3．某些表示时间的名词词组，如the(very)moment(=assoonas),theminute(=assoonas),theinstant(=assoonas),theday,theyear,themorning,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime等，也可以引导时间状语从句，如：I’lltellyouaboutitthemomentyoucome.IstartedtheinstantIheardthereport.Theinstantshesawhimsheknewhewasherbrother.EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.I’mgoingtoseehimnexttimehecomestoShenzhen.HeleftEuropetheyearWorldWarⅡbrokeout.HehadimpressedmethatwaythefirsttimeImethim.IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourletter.I’lltellhimtheminute(that)hegetshere.1．方式状语从句通常由as,asif,asthough来引导，如：YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays.Itlooksasifitmightsnow/isgoingtosnow.Heactedas/thoughnothinghadhappened.Hewalkedasifhewas/weredrunk.Marywasbehavingasthoughshehadn’tgrownup.2．在非正式文体或口语中，也可用theway(that)(=as=inthewayinwhich),how,like等来引导，如：Jeandoesn’tdoitthewayIdo.SheisdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone.Youcandothejobhowyoulike.Thelandlordwaswatchinghimlike(=justas)acatwatchesamouse.Doyoumakebreadlikeyoumakecakes?程度状语从句可用tosuchanextentthat…/tosuchadegreethat…来引导，如：Thetemperaturerosetosuchanextentthatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuilding.Thetemperatureloweredtosuchadegreethatthewaterfroze.试比较：Thetemperaturerosesohighthatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuilding.Thetemperatureloweredsomuchthatthewaterfroze.从以上例句可以看出，程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引出的结果，所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处。1．引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是because,since,和as，所引导的从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中because语势最强，since次之，as又次之。△because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的，全句强调的重点在原因上，不在主句表示的结果上。回答why提出的问题时，只能用because；在强调句型中也只能用because从句，不能用since,as等，如：BecauseIcan’tseeverywell,Ihavetositnearthefront.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.Itisbecausehewasillthathedidn’tcome.△

since和as引导的句子，重点在主句的内容，其原因或理由在说话人看来已很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，since和as只是一种附带的说明原因，不是对原因进行强调，如：Asheisworkinghard,heislikelytosucceed.Sincehecan’tanswerthequestion,you’dbetterasksomeoneelse.As/Sincehewasnotathome,Ispoketohisbrother.Sinceyouinsist,Iwillreconsiderthematter.Ashewasinahurry,helefthisbagathome.

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for是并列连词，它引导的句子只能后置。表示因果关系时，可以和because换用；但当它用于对主句的内容加以解释或推断时，不能用because代替，如：Hecouldn’thaveseenme,because/forIwasnothere.Thegroundiswet,for/becauseitrainedlastnight.Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.△

because之前可以加上simply,only,just等强调词，如：Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.2．复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句，这些连词有：now(that),seeing(that),considering(that),forthereasonthat,byreasonthat,forfearthat,that等，如：Now(that)(=Since)youmentionit,Idoremember.Now(that)heisabsent,you’llhavetodotheworkbyyourself.Now(=Since)therainhasstopped,let’sstart.Seeing(that)alltheguestshavearrived,let’shavedinner.Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.Shedidn’tgoforfearthatshewouldgetlost.Hehasdoneverywell,considering(that)hehasnoexperience.Ihaven’tfinishedwritingthereportyet,notthat(=notbecause)Idislikethework,butthat(=butbecause)Ihavenottime.3．在“主语+be+形容词+that”句型中，主语通常是人，形容词通常为：glad,happy,pleased,sorry等表示感情的形容词，这时that可以看作原因状语从句，如：Wearegladthat(=because)wehavereapedanotherbumperharvest.I’mglad(that)youareallright.Wearesurethatourteamwillwin.I’mpleasedthatyouhavedecidedtocome.结果状语从句往往放在主句之后，通常主句是因，从句是果，这和原因状语从句刚好相反，如：Hewasill,sothathedidn’tcome.Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasill.1．结果状语从句通常用下列连词引导：so…that,such(a)…that,suchthat,sothat,that等，如：Hewassoangrythathelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.ThebookiswritteninsuchsimpleEnglishthatwebeginnerscanunderstanditwithoutmuchdifficulty.Itwassuchabadaccidentthatseveralpeoplegotinjured.Hisdiligencewassuchthathemadegreatprogress.Hedidn’tplanhistimewell,sothathedidn’tfinishtheworkintime.Sheworriedsothatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.WhathaveIdonethatyoushouldbesoangrywithme?2．应注意的几个问题：①在非正式文体中，由so…that,such(a)…that引导的结果状语从句，往往可以省略连词that，这时，从句之前往往用逗号与主句隔开，在口语中则用停顿表示省略。Hewassotired(,)(that)hecouldhardlystand.Peterissuchagoodboy(,)(that)heislovedbyeverybody.Youwalksofast(that)Ican’tkeeppacewithyou.Weleftinsuchahurry(that)weforgottolockthedoor.Hewassorude(that)sherefusedtospeaktohim.②当so修饰动词时，后面应稍停顿，如：HisheartbeatsoΔthathecouldhardlybreathe.SheworriedsoΔthatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.③当so位于句首时，主句的语序应倒装，如：Sobadlywasheinjuredthathehadtogotothehospital.SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeit.1．目的状语从句通常使用的连词有：sothat,inorderthat,that,so。否定的句式常用lest,incase,forfearthat来引导。△

目的状语从句中一般要有can,may,could,might,will,would,should等情态动词，如：Bringitcloser(so)thatImayseeitbetter.IputdownhisaddressforfearthatIshouldforgetit.Theteachermustspeakclearlysothathisstudentscan/mayunderstandwell.We’llsitnearerthefrontsowecanhearbetter.(非正式或口语)Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit(should)gowrongontheway.PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseIforget.Takeanumbrellawithyou,incase(=forfear)itrains/itmayrain/itshouldrain.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.1．条件状语从句通常用下列连词引导：if,unless,supposing(that)（仅在问句中使用），suppose(that),incase,so/aslongas,sofaras,oncondition(that),provided(that),等，如：Incasehecomes,letmeknow.Youcangoout,as/solongasyoupromisetobebackbeforeeleven.Iwillcomeagaintomorrowprovided(that)Ihavetime.(=if)Supposing(that)itrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?(=if)Unlessyoutellhimyourself,he’lllosefaithinyoucompletely.We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthat/providedthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.2．sothat/so既可以引导目的状语从句，又可以引导结果状语从句，其区别可以根据上下文的意义来判断，也可以从其结构上来判断。①凡在讲话时，sothat/so从句之前有停顿，在文字中sothat/so从句之前有逗号，则为结果状语从句，否则为目的状语从句，如：Weallarrivedateight,so(that)themeetingbeganpromptly.(结果状语从句)We’llcomeateightso(that)themeetingcanbeginearly.(目的状语从句)②有时，由sothat或so引导的结果状语从句之前并没有逗号，这时，就要看从句中有没有can,may,could,might,will,would,should等情态动词，如果有，多半是目的状语从句，如果没有，多半是结果状语从句，如：IamgoingtothelectureearlysothatI’llgetagoodseat.(目的状语从句)IwenttothelectureearlysothatIgotagoodseat.(结果状语从句)③目的状语从句可以移至句首，而结果状语从句不能前移，如：

Sothathecouldbeheardineveryroom,Johnspokethroughamicrophone.(目的状语从句)Johnspokethroughamicrophonesothathewasheardineveryroom.(结果状语从句)2．有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如：

Cometomorrow,andIwilltellyou.(=Ifyoucometomorrow,…)Persevereandyouwillsucceed.Givehimaninchandhe’lltakeamile.(=Ifyougivehimaninch,he’ll…)注：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or或otherwise，如：

Hurryup,or(else)you’llbelate.Makeupyourmind,oryou’llmissthechance.Startatonce,or/otherwiseyou’llmissthetrain.(=Ifyoudon’tstartatonce,…)(=Unlessyoustartatonce,you’llmissthetrain.)3．ifonly是if的强调式，通常表示说话人的愿望，如：

Ifonlyitclearsup,we’llgo.Ifonlysomebodyhadtoldus,wecouldhavewarnedyou.

注：ifonly引导的状语从句有时可以不依附于主句而独立存在，表示说话人的希望、愿望或遗憾等心情，如：

Ifonlyhecomesintime.(Ihopehewillcomeintime.)Ifonlyhedidn’tdrivesofast.(Iwishhedidn’tdrivesofast.)IfonlyIhadn’tbeenlateforwork.(IwishIhadn’tbeenlateforwork.)4．在真实条件句中，从句动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间，主句通常带有情态动词，如：

Ifyoumove,I’llshootyou.IfIpressthisbutton,whatwillhappen?Ifyoucome,youcanseeit.Ifyoufinishearly,youmaygo.注①当从句表示将来已经完成或正在进行的动作时，动词用现在完成时或现在进行时，如：

IwillreturnthebookonMondayifIhavereadit.Thepolicewon’ttakeyourcarawayifyouaresittinginit.注②如果从句表示现在的意图、意愿、决心等，则可以用will/shall，如：

Ifyouwillreadthebook,I’llletyouhaveit.Ifyouwillhelpme,wecanfinishbysix.Ifyouwillgiveupsmoking/drinking,yourhealthwillimprove.5．有一种条件句，其从句动词不管主语的人称和数如何，一律用“should+不定式”，主句动词可根据意义需要采取不同形式，如：

Ifheshouldhearofyourmarriage,hewouldbesurprised.Ifyoushouldhearthenews,pleaseletusknow.Ifyoushouldbeinterested,I’lltellyouthewholestory.Ifitshouldrain,wehadbetterstayindoors.Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldtellhimeverything.注：在正式文体中，可用shouldI(we,youetc)代替IfI(we,youetc)should…，如：

ShouldIbefreetomorrow,Iwillcome.ShouldyouseeMike,willyouaskhimtoringmeup?Shouldyouseemymother,tellherIamquitewell.6．非真实条件句：①当从句表示与现在事实相反的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或were型虚拟式，主句动词用would/should/could/might+不定式，如：

IfIwereyou,Ishouldconsultadoctor.IfIlivedinthetwenty-firstcentury,mylifemightbedifferentinanumberofways.②当从句表示与过去事实相反的条件时，从句动词用过去完成时，主句动词用would/should/could/might+不定式完成式，如：

Ifhehadtriedhardlastterm,hewouldhavesucceeded.Ifhehadtakenhisdoctor’sadvice,hemightnothavedied.③当从句表示将来不大可能实现的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或were/wasto+不定式，主句动词用would/should/could/might+不定式，如：

Whatwouldyoudoifitsnowedtomorrow?Hewouldn’tdoitunlessyouweretoorderhimto.④在正式文体中可用“were+主语”等倒装结构代替“if+主语+were”等结构；“had+主语+ed分词”代替“if+主语+had+ed分词”结构，如：

WereIinyourplace,Iwouldbeveryworried.WereJohntogototheuniversity,hewouldhavetoworkhard.Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful,hisshipwouldnothavebeensunk.Haditnotbeenfortheexpense,IshouldhavegonetoItaly.③当从句表示将来不大可能实现的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或were/wasto+不定式，主句动词用would/should/could/might+不定式，如：

Whatwouldyoudoifitsnowedtomorrow?Hewouldn’tdoitunlessyouweretoorderhimto.④在正式文体中可用“were+主语”等倒装结构代替“if+主语+were”等结构；“had+主语+ed分词”代替“if+主语+had+ed分词”结构，如：

WereIinyourplace,Iwouldbeveryworried.WereJohntogototheuniversity,hewouldhavetoworkhard.Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful,hisshipwouldnothavebeensunk.Haditnotbeenfortheexpense,IshouldhavegonetoItaly.7．unless与if…not的用法比较：

Ifyoudon’tstartatonce,youwillmissthetrain.Unlessyoustartatonce,youwillmissthetrain.unless在意义上相当于if…not，在有些场合两者可以交替使用，但在有些场合又不可以互换，以下是不可互换的情况：①

当if…not引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可以改用unless，如：Ifsheweren’tsosilly,shewouldunderstand.(事实上她很傻，改成Unlesssheweresosilly…含义为她不傻)

IfIhadn’tstoppedher,shewouldhavejumpedintotheriver.(事实上我阻止了她，改成UnlessIhadstoppedher…含义为我没有阻止她。)②unless表示除外的唯一条件，因此通常不能用and连接两个unless从句，而if…not则不受此限，如：

Shewon’tloseweightifshedoesnotkeepadietandifshedoesnottakeexerciseseveryday.Shewon’tloseweightunlessshekeepsadietandtakesexerciseseveryday.(不说：unlessshekeepsadietandunlessshetakesexer